Referential Identity Method Research Articles

Floral Lexicons in Javanese Proverbs: An Ecolinguistic Study

This study aimed to analyze and elaborate on the dimensions of meaning in the floral lexicons in Javanese proverbs. Employing an ecolinguistic approach, this study focused on the expressions in Javanese proverbs that entail floral lexicons. The data were collected using an uninvolved observation method, as well as documentation, observation, and interviews with relevant informants. The data were then analyzed using the referential identity method, translational identity method, and immediate constituent analysis or distributional technique. Further, data triangulation was also conducted to validate the data with the following steps: discussion, re-checking, and expert consultation. The result shows that the floral lexicons entailed in Javanese traditional proverbs take the form of words and phrases. In word or morpheme form, the lexicons are categorized as nouns and polymorphemic expressions consisting of affix, reduplicative, and compound words. The floral lexicons in Javanese proverbs, in accordance with the cultural values they embody, include depicting attitudes and worldviews; reflecting negative attitudes; being related to strong determination; portraying the relationship between humans and God; and illustrating human interactions with other humans, as well as their connection with nature. The lexicons also represent the thought process and cultural values of Javanese society.

Investigating the Genuineness of Suicide Notes in Social Media

This study aims to find linguistic evidence that is able to act as legal evidence in determining the genuineness of a suicide note. The data sources were written and digital suicide notes from Indonesia. The data were collected from social media through documentation. The data collected were graphology and lingual units that indicate the linguistic features of a genuine suicide note. The units were seen from their structure, meaning, and context to determine the motivation. The data were analyzed through referential identity, orthography identity, and distributional methods from descriptive-qualitative and descriptive-quantitative approaches based on linguistic theories. The theories applied were intertextuality, meaning, linguistic features of suicide notes, the context of the situation, and generative transformation. The findings show that written and digital suicide notes, as well as posts on the victim’s social media, provide evidence that the note is genuine and written by the victim. The evidences are recursive graphology, interrelated propositions, and linguistic features of a genuine suicide note. The motivations for suicide are derived from the victim’s self-blaming, his acknowledgment of his inability to help himself from financial and mental issues, and a constant feeling of being a disappointment to people who had supported him.

Turn-taking Strategies in Jamie Miller’s Interview with Zach Sang Show

This research adopted conversational analysis to investigate the turn-taking strategies, how the strategies were applied, and the dominant strategy. Jamie Miller’s interview with Zach Sang show entitled “Jamie Miller Talks Broken Memories, Here’s Your Perfect, Coming Out, Khloe Kardashian The Voice” was chosen as the data source. It was published on May 12th, 2022 and generally talked about the singer’s fame whose single “Here’s Your Perfect” has racked millions streams. Observing the data source and typing the conversations were done to collect data. The collected data were further analyzed by using referential identity method and referential competence- in equalizing technique. All processes of this research were in accordance with descriptive qualitative research. The theory invented by Stenstrom (1994) was used to analyze data and transcription symbols theory of Jefferson (2004) was implemented to transcribe the conversations. The results exposed that 78 utterances referred to turn-taking strategies and 11 strategies were employed. The data involved eight data of hesitant start and uptakes, seven data of clean start and uptakes, one data of alerts and giving up, nine data of filled pause and/or verbal fillers, 13 data of lexical repetition, 12 data of prompting, and three data of appealing. From the total data, lexical repetition was found as the dominant strategy. The participants mostly repeated the same lexical items to manage the conversation flow and avoid speech gap.

Balinese diglossia shown by public signs as language vitality symbol from linguistic landscape perspective

This study is aimed to identify and analyze Balinese diglossia from the perspective of linguistic landscape. Balinese language used in public signs consists of two variations, namely alus and andap. The use of the two variations resembles the culture of Balinese people. Therefore, this study is also intended to provide a new way to view Balinese culture from seeing the Balinese language through non-interactive public signs because there are patterns on each variation used. Furthermore, the use of Balinese variations on signs can be a measurement to acknowledge its vitality; thus, this study is also aimed to measure Balinese language vitality in general and the vitality of its variations. The data of this study were 12 signs collected from banners, billboards, and information signs found in Bali through observation and documentation method. The data were analyzed by using referential identity method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. This study combined the theories of diglossia, context of situation, function of linguistic landscape, Balinese speech levels, and UNESCO vitality level. The result shows that Balinese language signs in public space are able to characterize the diglossia situation of the Balinese people by indicating four features, namely sign makers, participants receiving messages, caste and social status, and domains. The diglossic situation of the Balinese language is indicated by the variation of the Balinese alus, which is the high variety, and the Balinese andap, which is the low variety. The level of language vitality of Balinese high and low is 4, whereas in general is 5.

VARIED ROLES OF METAPHORIC EXPRESSIONS IN PEPALI BABAD BANYUMASAN

This study aims to examine the various roles of metaphor in the oral literature of Pepali Babad Banyumasan. This study was qualitative and descriptive by its nature, meaning that all data are not in the form of numbers. It instead focused on the quality of verbal forms or utterances All data were retrieved from written excerpts of the prose. All data were retrieved from written excerpts of the prose. These data were further analyzed using a referential identity method and a reflective introspective method. The study found four functions of metaphor in Pepali Babad Banyumasan, such as to mention unique characteristics, to describe the place of origin, to substitute, and to concretize human experience. Oral literature of Banyumasan Javanese, especially the one discussed in the present study, is worth investigating. Pepaliis originated from Raden Baribin, Wira Utama, Yudanegara II, Yudanegara III, and others. Behind the fact that literary work is something inanimate, lies within Pepali is enigma and meaning to look at. The findings in this study are belief in magical and occult things as a way of life for taking attitudes for the ancient Javanese people, particularly the Banyumasan people that was used as a form of expression to concretize the representation of experiences in the past, then make it a message so that people are more vigilant and break bad luck in the present by reflecting on past experiences. In this study, it is clear that the ancient Javanese people believed in magical things as a form of human communication to get blessing in managing government. The ancient Javanese people of Banyumasan also believed that the name was also a sign to represent the image of the community group. In this case the name that appears to represent the aristocratic class of society (people who are destined to become leaders) by giving him a family name taken from the name of an animal, namely goose.

Balinese Diglossia Shown by Public Signs as Language Vitality Symbol from Linguistic Landscape Perspective

This study is aimed to identify and analyze Balinese diglossia from the perspective of linguistic landscape. Several public signs in Bali use Balinese language. The Balinese language used is varied. There are signs that use Balinese alus variation, while others use Balinese andap. The use of the two variations resembles the culture of Balinese people. Therefore, this study is also intended to provide a new way to view Balinese culture from seeing the Balinese language through non-interactive public signs because there are patterns on each variation used. Furthermore, the use of Balinese variations on signs can be a measurement to acknowledge its vitality; thus, this study is also aimed to measure Balinese language vitality in general and the vitality of its variations. The data of this study were 12 signs collected from banners, billboards, and information signs found in Bali through observation and documentation method. The data were analyzed by using referential identity method with a descriptive-qualitative approach. This study combined the theories of diglossia, context of situation, function of linguistic landscape, Balinese speech levels, and UNESCO vitality level. The result shows that Balinese language signs in public space are able to characterize the diglossia situation of the Balinese people by indicating four features, namely sign makers, participants receiving messages, caste and social status, and domains. The diglossic situation of the Balinese language is indicated by the variation of the Balinese alus, which is the high variety, and the Balinese andap, which is the low variety. The level of language vitality of Balinese high and low is 4, whereas in general is 5.

Types of Expressive Act Found in “Free Guy” Movie

The goal of this research is to describe different types of expressive speaking acts in “Free Guy” movie. It is a part of the descriptive qualitative methodology. The observational approach and non-participatory technique were used in this study's data collection. As a method and approach for data analysis, the referential identity method and pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique were used. This study employed the (Searle, 1969) theory of expressive acts. The study's findings indicate that “Free Guy” movie has three different types of expressive speech acts. There were 4 data for compliment, 3 data for thanking, and 4 data for greeting

An Analysis of Types of Directive Acts Found in “The School for Good and Evil” Movie

This study has purpose to find the types of directive acts that performed by the characters in “The School for Good and Evil” movie. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This research used a theory proposed by Searle and Vanderveken (1985). This study used observational and a non-participatory technique of data collection. This research also used referential identity method and the pragmatic competence technique in equalizing in analysing the data. There are some steps in the process of collecting the data. Firstly, the researchers watched the data source which is “The School for Good and Evil” movie. Secondly, the researchers downloaded the script of the movie. The researchers then watched the movie and read the script in the exact same time. Finally, the researchers marked the utterances that showed the directive acts. The result showed that there were 17 data of directive acts performed by the characters in “The School for Good and Evil” movie. There were 8 data of asking type, 1 data of permitting type, 2 data of ordering type, 1 data of requesting type, 1 data of commanding type, 2 data of inviting type, and 2 data of advising type. Eventually, “The School for Good and Evil” movie characters most frequently use the asking type of directive acts.

THE USE OF SWEAR WORDS IN LIVE SPEED’S YOUTUBE VIDEO: “LOSE THE GAME, SHAVE YOUR EYEBROWS”

This descriptive qualitative research analyzed the swear words utteranced by Speed’s in his YouTube video: lose the game, shave your eyebrows. This research aimed to identify types of swear words based on context and which one the frequenly appears. The data source of the research took video from Live Speed’s YouTube channel who played FIFA game with a kid. This research used observational methode with non-participatory technique for collecting the data. This research used the referential identity method with technique to analyze the data. Based on finding, there were five utterances types of swear words in Live Speed’s video. Those were 1 data of dysphemism, 3 data of idiomatically, 7 data of abusively, 4 data of emphatically, and 13 data of cathartically. The researchers made a conclusion that the cathartically of swearing is the most frequent utteranced by Speed and kid in his video. In other words, all types of swearing were pronounced to express the feeling to gain the attraction of the viewers without insulting anyone

PRINSIP KOOPERATIF, KESANTUNAN, DAN PARAMATER PRAGMATIK DALAM WACANA HUMOR GUS DUR

This research discusses the verbal humour of Gus Dur from the perspective of speech acts (cooperative principle, politeness principle and pragmatic parameter). With qualitative approach and constructivistic paradigm, this study applies the strategy of text ethnography. By referential identity method and documentation, selection, classification and explanation technique, finally it is known that in the verbal humour of Gus Dur, there are always deviations on the cooperative principle (maxim of quantity, quality, relevance and manner), the polite­ness principle (tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agree­ment, and sympathy maxim), and pragmatic parameter (distance, power, and rank rating).

Identifying the Characters of Lion and Fox in the Aesop’s Fables using Transitivity System

This research investigates the Aesop Fables characters, the Lion and Fox, characterization analysis using transitivity system. This research aims to identify the characterization of Lion and Fox based on transitivity system using types of processes. This research using descriptive qualitative methods to describe the prominent clause that represents the Lion and Fox characterization. The non-participant observation methods were used to collect data and referential identity methods to analyze the data. The results show that material and verbal processes are discovered as the prominent process to represent the Lion and Fox's characterization. Through material and verbal processes, the Lion and Fox appeared in different characterizations. The Lion is discovered in manipulative, wise, powerful, and foolish characterizations. Meanwhile, the Fox found in cunning and talkative characterization. The finding also shows that the author constructed material and verbal processes because they are suitable for the children's limited knowledge. After all, material and verbal clause can be understood by the children easily.Keywords: transitivity system, characterization, narrative-stylistics, Aesop’s fables

Translation Strategies of Idiomatic Expressions in The Novel Edensor


 The objective of this research is to investigate (describe) the strategies in translating idiomatic expressions in the Novel Edensor and the problems on the translation process. As a result, the similarities of the idioms of the source text and the target text were found. Besides, this study was aimed at improving the knowledge about idiom varieties between the source text and target text. This is a qualitative study. It is a hermeneutic study that is an approach which concerns with social issues on written words. The non-participant observation was the technique to collect data. The technique for analyzing the data was translational identity method and the referential identity method. It was also the technique to measure the validity and reliability of the data. The data were identified, classified, and categorized based on the types of idioms and the translation techniques. The findings were 120 expressions identified in the novel, however, the translator found 25% of expressions, and 75% of them were translated, with five translation procedures: similar meaning and dissimilar form was the procedure that mostly applied in the novel of 47.25%, dissimilar meaning and the similar form of 35.16%, and 13.18% of paraphrasing technique 3.29% was of omission, and 1.09% of borrowing. The procedure that was implemented gave an impact on the type of idioms. The specific procedures were applied to keep the originality of the source text information and the credibility of the translator. The translation strategy was communicative. It was supported by rearrangement in some chapters and topics.

MUHAMMAD’S LINGUISTIC CHARACTERS IN THE QURAN: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

This article aims to identify Muhammad’s linguistic characters as a speech partner and speaker in the Quran. Objects of this research are verses in Quran translation texts containing Muhammad's role as a speech partner and speaker. Data were collected using observation and documentation techniques and analyzed using the referential identity method. The study found that Muhammad's characters as a speech partner and speaker in Quran translation texts contain many educational values applicable to language ethics. They include: utilizing trusted source as information basis of using language, being a trustworthy communicator of language, integrity in language and faith, not accusing without accurate information, applying proper respect to speech partners, utilization of positive tone, using the language for harmony. In conclusion, in Quran translation texts, Muhammad's linguistics characters can be utilized in language ethics education as a source of values that can be universally understood and accepted.

The Meanings, The Associations, and The Functions of Metaphors in Sports Discourse in Kompas Newspaper

ABSTRACTThis research describes the semantic features of metaphors found in sports discourse in Kompas daily newspaper using semantic decomposition, contrasting the semantic components of the source language and the metaphorical expression to discover the meaning, the similar association, and the functions of the metaphors written in the course. Nonparticipant observation, critical reading, and note-taking were used to collect the data. Then all the data was analyzed by using referential identity and distributional methods with substitution and paraphrasing techniques. The first result of this research showed that each fundamental element elaborated by analyzing each domain's diagnostic components could explain the association between the source language and the metaphor. The second result is that the text's association included four similarities; attributes, movement, qualities, and action. The third conclusion is that the metaphors' functions explain and decribe the situation, entertain the team, and evaluate the team.
 Keyword; metaphors, semantic feature, semantic decomposition, newspaper.

THE CONCEPTS OF MANIS AND PAHIT IN INDONESIAN EXPRESSIONS (COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC APPROACH)

Manis and pahit that are well known as the kinds of flavour are used by Indonesian to express experiences, thoughts, feelings, or anything in daily activities. It happens since special characters of these flavours have been structured in people thoughts. By means of this this study, the writer attempts to describe kinds of meaning represented by Indonesian manis and pahit expressions and also describe things of life associated with manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions. The data are manis and pahit expressions found and selected randomly from several sources. The writer uses non participants’ observation, and note taking techniques to present the data. Referential identity, distributional, reflective introspective and abductive inferential methods are also used to analyze the data. The result shows that manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions represent three kinds of meaning; connotative, metaphoric, and ironic. Manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions also associate with eleven things in life; condition, feeling, attitude, action, physical appearance, result, relationship, process, event, statement, and life.

UTILIZATION OF FILM GENRE AS PRIOR TEXT STUDY IN TITLE WRITING OF STUDENT CREATIVITY PROGRAM

This study aims to describe the relationship of intertextuality between the titles of the Student Creativity Program (SCP) with film genres. This research is in the form of qualitative descriptive research that is naturalistic in character. The data source used in this study originates from 5 fields of SCP funded in 2018. Data collection is performed in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences through document study. Observation and note-taking techniques are utilized to collect data. The method of data analysis uses translational identity, referential identity, and abductive inferences. The referential identity method is used to identify the relationship of intertextuality in the writing of the SCP titles and film genres. An intertextual study is carried out comprehensively, by finding similarities and differences between the two. Furthermore, the abductive inferences method is utilized to draw conclusions. The data validity test uses theory triangulation. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the relationship of intertextuality contained in the SCP titles involves three film genres: (1) animation; (2) drama; and (3) horror. The results of this study indicate that the use of film genres of animation and drama genres as reference texts has high appeal in the writing of the titles of SCP

LANGUAGE FUNCTION ACQUISITION OF THREE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN URBAN EDUCATED FAMILY ENVIRONMENT

This article aims to describe the acquisition of language function of three-year-olds in an urban educated family environment. This research utilizes a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research subjects are three-year-old children in an educated family environment in the city of Surakarta with a focus on language function. Data are obtained in school, family, and home environment. Data collection uses observation, recording, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis is performed using the translational, phonetic, and referential identity methods. Data validation applies to data source triangulation. The results of the research found three language functions acquired, including information function, exploration function, and persuasion function. The information function is obtained through the stimulation of the school environment, family environment, and play environment. The exploration function is utilized to convey the results of children's learning development. The function of persuasion is used by children to invite or seduce other people. It can be concluded that the three-year-old children are capable of acquiring various language functions with enough vocabulary to utilize them and stimulations at this stage are important and thus encouraged.

The Form of Slang Terms in the “Kingsman: the Golden Circle” Movie

This research aimed to analyze the slang terms found in the Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2015) movie. This descriptive qualitative research focused on slang formation in this movie. This research used Bloomfield and Guth’s theories. The source of the data was all slang terms in the movie. Method of collecting data used observational method with non-participatory technique. In analyzing the data, this research used referential identity method with competence in equalizing technique. From this research, the results showed that there were 1 slang term in abbreviation such as teeth, 14 slang terms in shortened form such as wanna, i’ll, i’ve, they’re, d’d, thinkin’, doin', hookin' up, ain’t, y’all, gent, 'em, ma'am, meth, champ, shittin’, 8 slang terms in interjection such as fuck, fucking hell, shit, cheers, yep, bloody hell, crap, fuck off, 3 slang terms in figurative expressions such as bullshit, kick in, dumbass and 12 slang terms in nickname such as buddy, babe, bruv, nan, fellas, pal, boy, mate, love, kid, folks, sugar. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the most widely used slang type is shortened form and the least used is abbreviation.
 Keywords: Slang Formation, Movie, Slang Terms

Character Education Values in Revised Edition of the Indonesian Language Learning Curriculum for Year 10

Character building is an important component of 2013 Curriculum learning using textbooks as a learning source. This study aims to describe character values within the 2014 and 2017 revised editions of the 2013 Curriculum-based Indonesian Language Textbook for Year 10. The source of data for this research is the 2013 Curriculum Indonesian Language Textbook (BTBI) published by the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud). Data in this study assume the forms of words, phrases, or sentences that indicate character values, collected by observation and note-taking and analyzed with a referential identity method. The 2014 and 2017 editions of BTBI carry the same character values, namely religiousness, nationalism, independence, gotong royong, and integrity. Differences in the character value content of both textbooks lie in the sub-values of each identified character value. According to the uncovered character sub-values, the dominant character in the 2014 edition of BTBI is independence. The 2017 edition contains three equivalent character values: religiousness, nationalism, and independence. Principles of Wasatiyyat Islam reflected in BTBI for Year 10 are values of tawassut (taking the middle way), tawazun (balance between the world and the hereafter), i’tidal (straightness and uprightness), tasamuh (tolerance), musawah (egalitarianism), shura (consultation), islah (reform), aulawiyah (prioritizing), tatawwur wa ibtikar (dynamism and innovation), and tahaddur (being civilized). These values represent the courteous, peaceful and gentle nature of the Indonesian nation.

Meaning Variation in Metaphorical Expressions of the Tegalan Oral Literature: A Pragmatic Approach

This research aims to analyze the conceptualization metaphorical expression of the Tegalan oral literature. Those conceptualization metaphorical based on the experience that is felt by the body, the nature of conceptualization, characteristic based on conceptualization, strength-based on conceptualization, and conceptualization based on function. A qualitative pragmatic approach was employed by involving the types and forms of oral literature of the Tegalan Javanese ethnicity. The form of the data was fragments of discourse upon the type and form of oral literature of the Tegalan ethnicity. The data were collected by recording, listening, and noting technique. The sorting process was in line with the procedure of the method. Data analysis activities used referential identity method and introspective reflexive method. The results revealed that the meaning of metaphorical expressions of oral literature consisted of (1) objects to express objects, (2) objects to express conditions, (3) objects to express actions, (4) places to express places, (5) places to express circumstances, (6) actions to express actions, (7) actions to express circumstances, (8) circumstances to express circumstances, (9) circumstances to express actions, and (10) time to express time. The existence of metaphorical expression of oral literature in the Tegalan Javanese Ethnic is the representative of the real contex.