Referential Function Research Articles

ARTISTIC-EXPRESSIVE DIMENSION OF GYMNASTICS FOR ALL

The expressive and poetic dimension of Gymnastics for All (GfA) is often recognized in choreographies performed at gymnastics festivals, emphasising its communicative and referential function. The aim of this study was to discuss the artistic-expressive dimension of GfA based on Pierre Parlebas’ theory and in the sociological notion of sportivisation. The particular and unfinished sportivisation GfA process includes the absence of institutionalised gesture codes, characterising the artistic-expressive dimension as a "potency", which therefore may or may not be part of GfA's activities, according to the decision of each group. This analysis allows us to distinguish GfA from other artistic sports, such as Rhythmic Gymnastics and Figure Skating, and from other art forms, such as dance and circus.

Casual and Intimate Style Uttered by Eloise Bridgerton in “Bridgerton 2” TV Series

This research focused on finding out the use of casual style and intimate style from Eloise Bridgerton character’s utterances in “Bridgerton 2” TV series. The aim of this research is to get understanding how close and intimate Eloise's relationship is with her family and friends. Joos's (1967) theory of language style was used in this research. And then, the researchers also conducted the speech functions theory from Holmes & Wilson (2017). The researchers employed descriptive qualitative method as the method of the research which is proposed by Creswell & Creswell (2018). For collecting the data, the researchers used the method of observation and the techniques of non-participatory by Sudaryanto (2015). Furthermore, the method of referential identity and the technique of competence in equalizing by Sudaryanto (2015) were used for analyzing the data. As the result, the researchers found out 16 data for language style. The 16 data derived from 7 data of casual style and 9 data of intimate style. Moreover, 17 data for speech functions which derived into 9 data of expressive function, 5 data of directive function, 2 data of referential function, and 1 data of metalinguistic function.

Intertextual Inclusions in Charles Maturin’s Novel “Melmoth the Wanderer”

The article examines Charles Robert Maturin’s novel “Melmoth the Wanderer”. The choice of this work is dictated by its undeniable significance for literature as a whole, on the one hand, and the insufficient study of the novel’s text from a textual, particularly intertextual perspective, on the other. In this study, intertextual relationships are divided by type and functional characteristics into intertextual and intercontextual. The first type of relationship serves a referential function, while the second serves a meaning-forming function. Both have common functional units: allusions, quotes, etc. With such a division in mind, an attempt is made to recognize and analyze prospective and retrospective intertextual inclusions encountered in Charles Maturin's novel. The study of these inclusions is based on the fact that the contexts of the novel are layered on top of contexts from well-known and significant works of European literature, including Russian literature: “The Monk” by M. Lewis, “Faust” by J. Goethe, “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin, and others. This research approach allows us to speak of the polyinterpretability of “Melmoth the Wanderer” and to view it through the prism of works created both before and after the novel’s publication.

Code Switching Used by Judges and Models in Indonesia's Next Top Model in NET TV

This study aimed to analyze the types, social function, and the construction of speaker’s identity in code switching. This research used mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method by transcribing and analysing the videos to find out the types, social functions, and identity in code switching. The data were utterances uttered by participants in Indonesia’s Next Top Model cycle 2. The result of the study showed there were three types of code switching, intra-sentential switching, inter-sentential switching, and tag switching. The most dominant type was intra-sentential switching with 192 utterances, 41 utterances are inter-sentential switching, and 19 utterances for tag switching. Then five function of code switching found in this research, referential function with 3 utterances, directive function with 15 utterances, expressive function with 37 utterances, phatic function with 13 utterances, and metalinguistic function which most dominant function used by the speaker with 184 utterances. The construction of identity were divided into four categories, classification with 4 occurrences, relational identification with 15 occurrences, physical identification with 8 occurrences, and functionalization with 34 occurrences.

“like standing amidst a flood of paper”: Tropes of Abundance and Documentarity in The Rings of Saturn

The paper scrutinizes the role of documents and documentarity in The Rings of Saturn by W. G. Sebald. It primarily focuses on those passages of the novel that represent the excessive amounts of documents via tropes of abundance and proliferation. I argue that the narrator’s meditations upon 20th century history paradoxically connect the overwhelming accumulation of documents to the experience of erasure and destruction; however, certain episodes offer another approach, presenting the collection of masses of documents as an idiosyncratic, poetic practice. In these parts of the text, documents are displayed as “heaps” and “clouds” of paper: I reveal the ways Sebald’s language deprives them of their referential function, calling attention to their materiality.

Sequence-initial pointing: Spotlighting what just happened as a cause of a new sequence

Drawing on microanalysis of interaction, this study examines the practice a pointing gesture accomplishes in initiating a new sequence in relation to what just happened when another line of interaction is still developing. Specifically, it is an investigation of the cases in which a participant points at a current or adjacent prior speaker with their index finger, comments on their current or adjacent prior action, and laughs. Such pointing spotlights what the target is currently doing or just did and locates them as a cause of the laughter. The pointing participant then invites laughter from others by shifting their gaze toward others while continuing to point. The analysis shows that such practice presents new participation statuses of the recipients and enables the producer of the pointing to initiate a teasing sequence; the gaze shift can invite laughter from others while the pointing indicates the target of the teasing. The study thus reveals interactional tasks of pointing gestures beyond their referential function.

Phrase-frames in business emails: a contrast between learners of business English and working professionals

Abstract A phrase-frame (p-frame) is a multi-word sequence with a one-word variable within the sequence (e.g., it is * to). P-frames are important components of language production and can demonstrate phraseological patterning. This study examined p-frames retrieved from one learner business emails corpus (1,413 texts based on the Education First-Cambridge Open Language Database) and one working professional email corpus (1,145 texts from the Enron email dataset). P-frames were investigated both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of their structural characteristics, functional characteristics, and variability. Our results showed that the working professionals and the learners of business English used p-frames differently. The working professionals used p-frames in ways that aligned with written conventions, whereas the learners of business English used p-frames in ways that did not accord well with written conventions. This difference was detected by comparing tendencies in function-word frames and frames for referential function. In addition, p-frames used by the working professionals displayed a higher degree of variability than those by the learners of business English. This study facilitates an understanding of learners’ p-frame use in English for business purposes and suggests that p-frames be incorporated into the teaching and learning of L2 business writing.

The analysis of gestural and verbal pragmatic markers produced by Mild Cognitive Impaired participants during longitudinal and autobiographical interviews

ABSTRACT Context This corpus-based study presents a multimodal analysis of verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment aged over 75 years. Methods The corpus collection and analysis methodology has been described in the Belgian CorpAGEst transversal study and the French VintAGE longitudinal and transversal oriented pilot studies. The protocols are available online in both English and French. Results & Conclusion Our general findings indicate that with ageing, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with MCI to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. Furthermore, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly used over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptive function. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired ageing for clinicians and family caregivers.

Ресайклинг советских речевых штампов и идеологических клише в мемуарной прозе А. Гладилина

The paper analyses the role of ideological clichés in the author’s early prose, then in his later memoir prose, identifies differences in their functioning in early and later texts, consequently, confirms the fact of recycling. The research aims to determine the features of the functioning of Soviet hackneyed phrases and ideological clichés in A. Gladilin’s memoir prose “Street of the Generals”. The referential function of Soviet ideological clichés is practically lost in comparison with early literary texts, but the metalanguage function increases, which allows the author to create an atmosphere of trust, a sense of spiritual unity with the reader and further extrapolate the author’s personal perception of the era to the consciousness of the generation as a whole. The research is original in that it is the first to conduct such a comparative analysis of A. Gladilin’s creative work. In addition, it is the first time that ideological clichés in A. Gladilin’s creative work become the subject of special analysis, although the question of the author’s gravitation towards clichéd plots and characters has already been raised in literary studies (I. Solovyova, L. Anninsky, M. Chudakova, A. Chudakov, I. Belova, B. Sokolov). As a result, the change in the functions of Soviet hackneyed phrases and ideological clichés in A. Gladilin’s prose has been shown and a special type of creative reconstruction of the Soviet that is characteristic of recycling has been identified. Recycling in its turn is a key means of secondary mythologisation: elements of the Soviet myth serve as a building material for constructing a new author’s myth about the epoch and about himself.

Showing where you stand

Abstract Enactment is a frequent depictive strategy used to denote referents. Its referential functions are increasingly well-documented cross-linguistically, notably in sign languages. A lesser-known function of enactment is that of stance expression. By enacting a referent, language users can also convey their own perspective and comment on the enacted individual. In this article, it is argued that the depictive manipulation of the French Belgian Sign Language (LSFB) lexical sign ls, which refers to the action of signing, is a fruitful area of investigation for the study of social meanings conveyed by means of enactment. The observation of elicited dyadic conversations about language attitudes shows that LSFB signers can mold several formational aspects of the sign ls in a variety of ways by means of enactment, providing a near first-hand experience of – and commenting on – diverse signers and their signing styles.

Sexual Euphemistic Expressions of The Holy Quran: A Sociolinguistic Approach

Language reflects the environment and culture, and it also represents a dialectic expression between the author and the social condition. The language of the Quran undergoes a dialectic process along with various factors around, by socio-historical (asbāb al-nuzūl) and situational (asbāb al-dhurūf) context. This study aimed to discover the contextual and situational background, referring to the diction, language style, or euphemism of the Quran regarding the relationship of husband and wife. It employed sociolinguistic approach as language was a prominent medium for cultural heritage discovery and apprehension. It found that the Quran exercised the use of adjective, verb, and verb phrase to demonstrate expressive and referential function, and to avoid taboo words. It also pointed out that Arabic society in the pre-Islamic era geographically and culturally lived within an unconducive environment. They enjoyed nomadic lifestyle, unwilling to be bounded by rules. Therefore, the Quran used subtle dictions when it came to the topic of spouse relationship. the Quran employed 18 types of diction in 8 surahs, mainly discussing about: 1) disobeying commands, 2) telling the story of the Muslims’ habits in the past, 3) giving suggestion after enforcing prohibition, and 4) providing explanation about women in nature. The subtle diction was intended to avoid any filthy imagination and lust among the Arabs back then.

CODE-SWITCHING AND SLANG USED BY GEN Z INDONESIANS ON SOCIAL MEDIA

Most social media active users are Gen Z Indonesians Gen Z, who usually communicate with others on social media by switching their code to another code or language and using slang. The switchover from Bahasa Indonesia to other regional dialects or English and the use of slang have been dominated on social media, not limited to words but also sentences. This study observes and examines the reasons that underlying Indonesians Gen Z perform code-switching and use slang, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that will arise. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Data were collected from journals, reports, or books that had been written by other researchers and analyzed by content or document analysis and discourse analysis. This research found that there are some reasons, such as social reasons, convenience, referential functions like emphasizing the precise message, and affective functions, also there are three advantages and a disadvantage of code-switching and using slang in communication in social media.

FUNGSI REGISTER PENGGEMAR BUNDA CORLA DALAM INSTAGRAM (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)


 
 
 
 Register is a language variation that is adapted to the context of language use. This study is a study of the function of Bunda Corla's fan register in Instagram which was studied with sociolinguistics. The research aims to find several things, namely the register function. Researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. This study uses three methods, namely the method of data collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis. Data collection uses a written method. Data analysis uses register analysis, which is to analyze the specific vocabulary used in a particular job or community. The method of presenting the results of data analysis is an informal method that uses words that are easy to understand. The results of the study show that the functions of the register of Bunda Corla fans in Instagram in sociolinguistic studies include: 1) emotive function, 2) conative function, 3) referential function, and 4) fatigue function.
 
 Keywords: : register, instagram, sociolinguistics
 
 
 

The Referential Function Used in L’oreal Paris Advertisements

This study focused on analyzing language function, especially referential function. This function used in many kinds of communication, including in daily communication. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the referential function as well as its elements in L’Oreal Paris advertisements. In regards to the aims of the study, two theories were applied. The theory proposed by Jakobson (1980: 82) was used to analyzed referential function used in the transcripts of 19 advertisements videos of L’Oreal Paris. In addition, the theory proposed by Quirk and Greenbaum (1973: 12) was used to analyze the sentence elements of that function found in the transcripts of L’Oreal Paris advertisements videos. Observation method with watching and note taking technique were applied in collecting the data. Descriptive qualitative method was applied in analyzing the data. The data were presented by formal and informal methods. There were 42 referential functions found in the transcripts of 19 advertisements videos of L’Oreal Paris. Those data were presented by various elements of sentence. However, some of the referential functions found were non-sentences.

Code Switching Found in “Maudy Ayunda Music” YouTube Channel

The use of two languages within a conversation has been known as code switching. This study analyzed the code switching phenomenon as found in Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube Channel. The goals are to analyze the types and functions of code switching. Poplack’s model (1980) is applied to identify the types of code switching; meanwhile, for the code switching function, it applied Appel & Muysken’s (1987) theory. The method of descriptive qualitative is used to identify the data. In collecting the data this study applied the observation method and note-taking techniques. Three chosen videos on Maudy Ayunda Music YouTube channel are used as the data source. Furthermore, the result of the study is presented in formal and informal method. All types of code switching were found; there were inter-sentential switching, tag switching and intra-sentential switching. And then, all functions of code switching also found; there were metalinguistic function, phatic function, directive function, poetic function, expressive function and referential function. Keywords: Code switching, YouTube, Maudy Ayunda

Linguistic Features Used by Female and Male Characters in Black Widow Movie

The title of this study is Linguistic Features Used by the Female and Male Character in “Black Widow” Movie. The problems discussed in this study are the kinds of women’s language features used by female and male characters in the “Black Widow” movie also the speech functions expressed. The study aims to identify the women’s language features found in Natasha’s and Alexei’s utterances and to define the speech functions they expressed. The data were taken from the “Black Widow” movie and supported by the English subtitle, obtained from Disney+ Hotstar. The method used to collect the data is documentation and the technique used is note-taking. The descriptive qualitative method is used to analyze the data, the steps used to analyze the data are identifying the female and male characters by using the women’s language theory which is proposed by Lakoff (2004), and describing its speech functions based on Holmes (2013) theory. The analysis was presented descriptively in the form of a paragraph. There are seven features of women's language found in the female and male utterances. Those are lexical hedges, tag questions, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, super polite forms, and emphatic stress. The functions of speech that were expressed in the features they used are expressive function, directive function, referential function, metalinguistic function, and phatic function.

Code-switching for non-native Korean lecturers in teaching Korean as a foreign language for basic and additional level

Although communication is a means of exchanging ideas between people, it can be challenging due to the abundance of synonyms and the evolution of language. The idea is that rather than code-switching, each person needs to have the aptitude and competence to comprehend different kinds of language. This study focuses on the use of code-switching by lecturers in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to find out what types of code-switching were used by lecturers during the learning process, what was the function of using code-switching, and how students perceived the use of code-switching by lecturers in learning activities. This research is based on the awareness that the ability of students to capture learning in the classroom varies. This research is expected to help Korean language learning effectively. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative, with one lecturer and 71 students as respondents. Data in the form of a transcription of the lecturer’s speeches were obtained from four learning video documentation and questionnaires. Three types of code-switching were found in the lecturer's speech at each meeting, namely the tag-switching type, the intra-sentential-switching, and the intersentential-switching. Then there were five functions realized at each meeting, namely referential functions, emotive functions, conative functions, fatigue functions, and metalinguistic functions. Students’ responses to the lecturer’s code-switching, as evidenced in the questionnaires, were generally positive, especially in terms of understanding the materials.

Language Function As A Support To Teachers’ Professionalism

ABSTRACT: This study seeks to determine the functions of language for the professionalism of teachers who must communicate and convey information or material to students. This study employed a qualitative methodology. This research was conducted in schools located in Denpasar, Bali, with teachers as its subjects. The language functions utilized by the teacher can be mapped as follows: 44 phatic functions (23%), 34 metalingual functions (18%), 34 referential functions (18%), 34 conative functions (18%), 25 emotive functions (13%), and 19 poetic functions (10%). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that language functions in their professionalism as teachers, namely a phatic function that facilitates socialization and interaction between teachers and students; a metalingual function that teaches students the vocabulary they have not yet mastered; a referential function plays a role in conveying topics, information, or material to students; a conative function allows teachers to instruct something to students; an emotive function serves to motivate or develop relationships between teachers and students; and a poetic function plays a role for teachers who need poetic or aesthetic language when providing examples of poetry or other literary works.
 Keywords: Language Function, Professionalism, Teachers

CODE SWITCHING FOUND IN RESEARCHERS’ WHATSAPP GROUP “SITADEWIKU”: HOW DOES CODE SWITCHING OCCUR?

This study focuses on the analysis of code-switching of Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar’s Synergy of Bird Conservation with Customary Village Community to Promote Demulih Bangli as a Green and Harmonious Virtual Educational Tourism or in Indonesian is Sinergi Konservasi Burung Bersama Desa Adat dalam Mempromosikan Bukit Demulih Bangli sebagai Kawasan Wisata Edukasi Virtual yang Hijau dan Berkicau (henceforth SITADEWIKU) researchers. This study aimed at identifying the types and the function of code-switching on the Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar’s researchers WhatsApp group. It was found that 15 text messages show code-switching. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in this research. The types of code switching were analyzed using Romaine's ( 1995))theory, and the function of code-switching was analyzed using the theory of there were three types of code-switching found by the researchers: tag-switching, inter-sentential, and the last one is intra-sentential. The results showed that from 15 data texts the majority of the data used by the members of the research was intra-sentential switching. In terms of function, based on the theory used there were six functions of code-switching from the data above, namely referential function, directive function, expressive function, phatic function, metalinguistic function, and poetic function. The expressive function is the most commonly used function of code-switching found.

Decoding the linguistic functions of emoji: A discourse analysis of messenger chats

This discourse analysis aimed to investigate the different emoji and its pragmatic illocutionary forces as used in messenger chats. The study utilized the qualitative content approach in identifying the different communicative uses of the emoji as reflected and as used in the context of online discourse. This explores the different signs and symbols in the form of emoji used by interactants in their computer-mediated exchange of discourse. Data revealed that the different symbols or emojis that represent the current state of being as used by interactants in their messenger chats are: church, sick emoji, morbid, confused, sad, crying, in love, like, wave, shocked, halo, bored or sleepy , birthday, and virus emoji. The different linguistic functions reflected in the use of emoji are: expressive, interpretative, relational, politeness, emphatic, structural and referential functions. In terms of the illocutionary force, the illocutionary acts are: expressive, representative, directive and commissive. Emojis are what the modern times has to offer a different set of languages. This particular language, however, is in its infancy stage and still needs to be studied, and understood. Based on the results gathered, emojis are flexible types of languages that can either support the existing one by making more palatable on the online community or it will become the language itself in some cases. Nevertheless, the studies regarding these modern signs and symbols will prove to be fun, challenging and beneficial as it is constantly changing overtime by the course of technology.