Reference Index Research Articles

Unicompartmental versus total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial

Objective: To evaluate the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, length of hospital stay, postoperative joint function recovery, and complications of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty, TKA) in order to compare the differences between the 2 methods in the treatment of single-compartment knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: Computer retrieval Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane, Sinomed, CNKI, WangFang, and VIP database of UKA and TKA osteoarthritis knee single room curative effect comparison, retrieval time limit for a library to November 2020, consult the reference index can be obtained at the same time. Two researchers independently screened the retrieved literature according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Operative time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, postoperative hospital for special surgery score, American knee society knee score, and excellent rateof pain relief were used as the main evaluation indexes, postoperative flexion degree, postoperative visual analogue scale score, time required for active kneeling to 90 degrees, and hemoglobin decrease in 72 hours and postoperative complications were used as secondary evaluation indexes. The methodological quality was evaluated and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results: A total of 54 articles were included, including a total of 4577 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that the UKA group was superior to the TKA group in terms of early postoperative knee function score, postoperative pain relief, hemoglobin reduction at 72 hours and complications, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At the same time, the amount of intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, operative time, incision length and the time required for active kneeling to 90 degrees in the UKA group were less than those in the TKA group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The UKA group had fewer early complications but higher long-term revision rate than the TKA group. Conclusion: UKA is superior to TKA in the treatment of single-compartment knee osteoarthritis during surgery and in early stage patients, but patients with UKA are at high risk of long-term revision.

Serum symmetric dimethylarginine shows a relatively consistent long-term concentration in healthy dogs with a significant effect of increased body fat percentage.

Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a promising renal marker that correlates well with the glomerular filtration rate and could allow earlier detection of impaired renal function. The main objectives of this study were to assess the long-term variability of SDMA in healthy dogs and examine the influence of an increased body fat percentage on the level of SDMA. Sixteen lean Beagles were randomly assigned to the control group or weight-change group in age- and gender-matched pairs. The energy intake of the control group (n = 8) was strictly regulated to maintain an ideal body weight for 83 weeks, while the weight-change group (n = 8) was fed to induce weight gain (week 0–47), to maintain stable excessive body weight (week 47–56) and to lose weight (week 56–83), consecutively. At 8 specified time points, the body condition score, body composition, glomerular filtration rate, serum concentration of SDMA and creatinine were analyzed. In the control group, the within-subject coefficient of variation, between-subject coefficient of variation, reference change value (type I error = 5%) and index of individuality were 0.16, 0.22, 0.43 and 0.73, respectively. The control group and weight-change group did not differ significantly in SDMA concentration. SDMA showed a significant negative association (coefficient = -0.07) with body fat percentage (p<0.01) in the weight-change group and a significant positive association (coefficient = 7.79) with serum creatinine (p<0.01) in the entire study population. In conclusion, SDMA concentration has high long-term stability in healthy adult dogs. For the evaluation of SDMA concentrations, subject-specific reference values are preferred over a population-based reference value seen their higher sensitivity. Moreover, an increased body fat percentage does seem to affect the serum SDMA concentration of otherwise healthy dogs, but its clinical relevance has to be clarified in further research.

Relationships between Soluble Solids and Dry Matter in the Flesh of Stone Fruit at Harvest

Soluble solids concentration (SSC) is a reference index that is typically used to quantify soluble sugars, the most abundant constituents of stone fruit flesh dry matter when approaching maturity. Dry matter concentration (DMC) is another parameter that has been often associated with fruit quality. This study investigated the relationship of SSC and DMC in fourteen stone fruit cultivars at harvest. SSC and DMC were measured at physiological maturity in peach, nectarine, plum and apricot. SSC and DMC data had similar symmetrical patterns (range, means and variability) for most of the cultivars. Mean SSC ranged between 11.6 and 19.7 °Brix, and DMC between 11.6% and 19.4% w/w across all fruit studied. High variability in SSC was observed in apricot, with an interquartile range = 5.7 °Brix. A generic linear regression model that included peach, nectarine and plum cultivars revealed a robust association between DMC and SSC (p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.914, n = 2800) with a DMC prediction error (RMSE) equal to 0.874% w/w. However, when a simplified DMC = SSC was used for DMC estimation, the RMSE only slightly increased and was still lower than 1.00% w/w. Similar results were observed when linear regression models were assessed in each cultivar independently, with R2 &gt; 0.75 and RMSE generated by the simplified DMC = SSC model lower than 1.00% w/w in thirteen out of fourteen stone fruit cultivars, with the exception of the apricot cultivar. These results provide empirical evidence that SSC and DMC are highly correlated fruit quality indicators in plum, peach and nectarine at harvest.

Correlation between 1-FABP, Blood Routine and Grading of Necrotising Enterocolitis.

Correlation was sought between serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), blood routine examination indexes, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) disease classification. According to Bell-NEC grade, 86 children with NEC were divided into mild group (46 cases) and severe group (40 cases). Serum I-FBAP and blood routine indices including white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), neutrophils and lymphocytes were determined. Serum levels of I-FABP and WBC in severe group were higher than those in mild group (both p <0.001), and serum level of PLT was lower than that in mild group (p <0.001). NEC grade was positively correlated with I-FABP and WBC (r=0. 930, p <0.001; r=0. 946, p <0.001), negatively correlated with PLT (r=-0. 602, p <0.001), and had weak correlation with neutrophils and lymphocytes (r=0. 186, p=0. 087; r=0. 072, p=0. 509). In conclusion, serum levels of I-FABP, WBC and PLT were correlated with the severity of NEC in children, which could be used as a reference index to judge prognosis of NEC children. Key Words: Necrotizing enterocolitis of newborn (NEC), Serum, Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), Routine blood indices.

Market Graph Clustering via QUBO and Digital Annealing

We present a novel technique for cardinality-constrained index-tracking, a common task in the financial industry. Our approach is based on market graph models. We model our reference indices as market graphs and express the index-tracking problem as a quadratic K-medoids clustering problem. We take advantage of a purpose-built hardware architecture to circumvent the NP-hard nature of the problem and solve our formulation efficiently. The main contributions of this article are bridging three separate areas of the literature, market graph models, K-medoid clustering and quadratic binary optimization modeling, to formulate the index-tracking problem as a binary quadratic K-medoid graph-clustering problem. Our initial results show we accurately replicate the returns of various market indices, using only a small subset of their constituent assets. Moreover, our binary quadratic formulation allows us to take advantage of recent hardware advances to overcome the NP-hard nature of the problem and obtain solutions faster than with traditional architectures and solvers.

Measurement of the five morphological indexes of follicles using image processing toolbox

This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics of mature follicles with clinical value. The five morphological indexes of follicles in 72 natural ovulation cycles were measured. The shoot time of follicle photos was the day before ovulation. Measurement software was the MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. The measured average area, perimeter, equivalent circle diameter, and roundness were 301.29 ± 8.52 mm2, 62.23 ± 6.82 mm, 20.21 ± 3.08 mm, and 0.89 ± 0.05, respectively; and the maximal diameter was 23.12 ± 3.06 mm. Image Processing Toolbox is a simple and convenient measurement software. The standardization of the reference indexes of follicular morphology has important clinical application value in reproductive medicine.

Central bank’s supervision on commercial banks’ credit business an exploratory post-epidemic-based research

The epidemic of COVID-19 broke out, domestic economy suffered a heavy setback, the Central Bank of China launched a series of policies against this backdrop, aiming to stimulate the economy. However, some investors speculate from the loose loans in real estate, which makes the funds policy originally used for stimulating the real economy to be artificially drained into the real estate market, further resulting in the imbalance of social supply. To solve this problem, from the perspective of the central bank and with the use of literature research and other methods, this paper makes research on analyzes the central bank’s credit supervision on commercial banks. Study shows that information collection and monetary policy are the problems with central bank. Through big data technology and monetary policy into the new reference index two angles to try to solve the problem. It aims to effectively strengthen the efficiency and level of central bank’s supervision. Meanwhile it can provide corresponding theories and references for subsequent research. The limitation of this study is that there is no specific application supporting the analysis. Otherwise the paper would be more applicable in practice. Therefore, this problem needs to be further studied and solved.

Optimization of onion Juice inhibiting white-blush in fresh-cutcarrots by response surface methodology

The effect of onion juice on the whitening of fresh-cut carrots during storage was explored to optimize the processing technology of fresh-cut carrots. Using fresh carrot and onion as raw materials and whiteness value as reference index, the process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on single factor experiment, and the physiological and biochemical indexes were determined. Results showed that the process conditions optimized by response surface processing of fresh-cut carrot onion were as follows: the concentration of the onion juice for 75%, soaking time for 15 min, spin-drying time for 60s. Under this condition, for the fresh-cut carrot, whiteness value theoretical value was 30.51, and the actual whiteness value was 31.26±0.5. After verification, the model was established and the fit worked well. The quality of fresh-cut carrots treated with onion juice was better. This study laid a scientific foundation for the inhibition of whitening of fresh-cut carrot.

Serum Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-17 Levels in Papillary Carcinoma and Their Relationship with Prognosis

Object: To investigate the levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-17 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their relationship with prognosis. Method: 120 PTC patients who underwent radical mastectomy in the Department of Thyroid and Mammary Surgery of Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to April 2019 were randomly selected as the experimental group, and 120 healthy people who matched 1:1 with the hospital physical examination center in the same period were selected as the control group according to the sex, age and body mass index of the experimental group. Compare the levels of serum IL-10 and IL-17 between the two groups, analyze the relationship between the levels and the pathological features of PTC patients, draw the characteristic curve of subjects' working characteristics, and calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum IL-10 and IL-17 for PTC. All patients were followed up for 12 months after operation. Imaging and pathological examination results were used as prognostic indicators. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the relationship between serum IL-10 and IL-17 levels and the prognosis of PTC patients. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of PTC patients. Result: The levels of serum IL-10 and IL-17 in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Comparison of serum IL-10 levels in PTC patients with different tumor diameters and lymphatic metastasis showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The level of IL-17 in serum of PTC patients with different TNM stages, differentiation degree and lymphatic metastasis was statistically significant (P<0.05). The diagnostic value of serum IL-10 combined with IL-17 in PTC is significantly higher than that of single detection (P<0.05). According to the median serum IL-10 and IL-17 for PTC diagnosis, the postoperative recurrence rate of IL-10 high expression group was significantly higher than that of IL-10 low expression group, and the postoperative recurrence rate of IL-17 high expression group was significantly higher than that of IL-17 low expression group (P<0.05). TNM stage, IL-10 level and IL-17 level are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of PTC patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The elevated levels of serum IL-10 and IL-17 in PTC patients are related to TNM stage, degree of differentiation, maximum tumor diameter and lymphatic metastasis, and are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of PTC patients, which may be a reference index for disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

Heart Rate Detection Based on Facial Video

Heart rate is an important data reflecting human vital characteristics and an important reference index to describe human physical and mental state. Currently, widely used heart rate measurement devices require direct contact with a person’s skin, which is not suitable for people with burns, delicate skin, newborns and the elderly. Therefore, the research of non-contact heart rate measurement method is of great significance. Based on the basic principle of Photoplethysmography, we use the camera of computer equipment to capture the face image, detect the face region accurately, and detect multiple faces in the image based on multi-target tracking algorithm. Then the region segmentation of the face image is carried out to further realize the signal acquisition of the region of interest. Finally, peak detection, Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis were used to detect the frequency of PPG and ECG signals. The experimental results show that the heart rate information can be quickly and accurately detected even in the case of monitoring multiple face targets.

Granulosa Cell Biomarkers to Predict Oocyte and Embryo Quality in Assisted Reproductive Technology

Abstract With the development of human assisted reproductive technology (ART), an objective, accurate, and non-invasive method to assess the quality and viability of oocytes and embryos remains one of the most significant goals. Granulosa cells (GCs) play an essential role in oocyte development. GCs can differentiate into mural GCs (MGCs) and cumulus cells (CCs) under the influence of oocytes. MGCs promote the growth and development of follicles by secreting cytokines and steroid hormones. Simultaneously, CCs can form cumulus-oocyte complexes to communicate with oocytes through gap junctions and promote oocyte growth and maturation. Seeking suitable biomarkers in GCs provides a direction for the non-invasive assessment of oocyte and embryo abilities during ART procedures. To date, only a few studies have investigated potentially effective GC biomarkers during ART processes, such as the apoptosis of GCs, transcriptomic characteristics of GCs, quality and quantity of mitochondria in GCs, and telomere length of such cells. These are potential reference indices for screening high-quality oocytes and embryos. Independent studies on MGCs and CCs can provide more effective results. Although there is scope for optimization and improvement, the results have become increasingly accurate with the constant advances in technology. Due to the heterogeneity of the study population and technical limitations, clinical tests for GCs cannot be performed as part of routine tests, but their prospects are promising. This article reviews the biomarkers that have been studied in MGCs and CCs.

Nomophobia among medical students and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance

Abstract: Introduction: As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the adoption of technology remains one of the defining factors of human progress. Nomophobia (NO MObile PHOne PhoBIA) represents a mental condition caused by the fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity. Such condition is directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, nomophobia can lead to structural brain damage. Objective: The present study aims to assess the effect of nomophobia on medical students at a private institution and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Nomophobia was measured using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The NMP-Q has 20 questions, which are asked on a 7-point Likert scale. This scale has been validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Depression, anxiety and stress were measured by the DASS-21, a simplified version of the DASS instrument. The DASS-21 questionnaire was also validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Academic performance was measured through API, the product of a complex mathematical operation that results in the student’s average grade in the semester and functions as a reference index for pedagogical follow-up in the assessed institution. In addition, the device use habits were assessed. Descriptive results were presented, and bivariate analyses of association and correlation were performed. This study was approved by the research ethics committee. Result: A sample of 292 students was assessed. Virtually all students (99.7%) had some degree of nomophobia, and 64.5% had a moderate or severe level of nomophobia. More than 50% of the students had higher than mild degrees of stress, and 19.5% and 11.2% of the students had severe or very severe levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. When analyzing the correlation of NMP-Q with DASS-21 scores, it was observed that increases in NMP-Q lead to increases in the overall DASS score (p &lt; 0.001), and that worse results in DASS-21 are associated with worse API. Conclusion: Our study suggests that nomophobia is likely to increase anxiety, stress and depression and, as a result, leads to a decrease in academic performance.

Investigating the Effect of Temperature Changes on the Physical Field of Surrounding Rock in a Deep Gold Mine

To explore the fracture mechanism of surrounding rock for thermal‐mechanical coupling in deep mining, the theoretical solution of the internal temperature and stress evolution of the underground chamber cold boundary subjected to cold impact was obtained by thermoelastic theory. The conduction law of temperature and the evolution characteristics of stress were studied by theoretical formulas, and the influence of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the rate of tensile stress reduction was analyzed. The results show that the theoretical solution is in good agreement with the field measured value, which proves that the theoretical calculation method adopted in this paper is reliable and accurate. When the surface of the underground chamber is impacted by the change of temperature, the cold boundary temperature drops sharply at first, then gradually slows down, and finally reaches the same temperature as the air; the tensile stress decreases sharply from the initial high‐stress value, then gradually decreases, and finally tends to be stable. The effects of different convective heat transfer coefficients on the change of temperature resistance of rocks were considered by numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results show that increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient not only increases the tensile stress of the heat transfer boundary but also increases the possibility of cracks, which makes the rock easier to crack. Based on the research results, we introduced the thermal‐mechanical coupling disturbance range coefficient β = L/2D (β = 6–8) and proposed that the convective heat transfer coefficient is the reference index of the deep mining support structure, which can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of support materials.

Nomophobia among medical students and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance

Abstract: Introduction: As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the adoption of technology remains one of the defining factors of human progress. Nomophobia (NO MObile PHOne PhoBIA) represents a mental condition caused by the fear of being detached from mobile phone connectivity. Such condition is directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, nomophobia can lead to structural brain damage. Objective: The present study aims to assess the effect of nomophobia on medical students at a private institution and its association with depression, anxiety, stress and academic performance. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Nomophobia was measured using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The NMP-Q has 20 questions, which are asked on a 7-point Likert scale. This scale has been validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Depression, anxiety and stress were measured by the DASS-21, a simplified version of the DASS instrument. The DASS-21 questionnaire was also validated for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Academic performance was measured through API, the product of a complex mathematical operation that results in the student’s average grade in the semester and functions as a reference index for pedagogical follow-up in the assessed institution. In addition, the device use habits were assessed. Descriptive results were presented, and bivariate analyses of association and correlation were performed. This study was approved by the research ethics committee. Result: A sample of 292 students was assessed. Virtually all students (99.7%) had some degree of nomophobia, and 64.5% had a moderate or severe level of nomophobia. More than 50% of the students had higher than mild degrees of stress, and 19.5% and 11.2% of the students had severe or very severe levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. When analyzing the correlation of NMP-Q with DASS-21 scores, it was observed that increases in NMP-Q lead to increases in the overall DASS score (p &lt; 0.001), and that worse results in DASS-21 are associated with worse API. Conclusion: Our study suggests that nomophobia is likely to increase anxiety, stress and depression and, as a result, leads to a decrease in academic performance.

Research on the circadian clock gene HNF4a in different malignant tumors.

Background: The circadian rhythm is produced by multiple feedback loops formed by the core clock genes after transcription and translation, thus regulating various metabolic and physiological functions of the human body. We have shown previously that the abnormal expression of 14 clock genes is related closely to the occurrence and development of different malignant tumors, and these genes may play an anti-cancer or pro-cancer role in different tumors. HNF4a has many typical properties of clock proteins involved in the clock gene negative feedback loop regulation process. We need to explore the function of HNF4a as a circadian clock gene in malignant tumors further. Methods: We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to download the clinicopathological information of twenty malignant tumors and the corresponding RNA-seq data. The HNF4a RNA-seq data standardized by R language and clinical information were integrated to reveal the relationship between HNF4a and prognosis of patients. Results: Analysis of TCGA data showed that the prognosis of HNF4a was significantly different in BLCA, KIRC, LUSC, and READ. High HNF4a expression is correlated with good prognosis in BLCA, KIRC, and READ but poor prognosis in LUSC. However, HNF4a was associated with the stages, T stages, and lymph node status only in BLCA. Conclusions: HNF4a plays different roles in different malignancies, and the abnormal expression of HNF4a has a great correlation with the biological characteristics of BLCA. The low expression of HNF4a could be a reference index for the metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis of BLCA.

Segmentation and Measurements of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Images Using the Improved Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

In recent years, diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular have attracted much attention due to main causes in death in human beings. To reduce mortality, there are lots of efforts which are focused on early diagnosis and prevention. It is an important reference index for cardiovascular diseases through the endovascular membrane in carotid artery by medical ultrasound images. The paper proposes a method which finds the region of interest (ROI) by convolutional neural network, segments and measures intima-media membrane mainly using support vector machine (SVM). Essentially, the task of detecting the membrane is one target detection problem. This paper adopts the strategy, named Yon Only Look Once (YOLO), a new detection algorithm, and follows the convolution neural network algorithm based on end-to-end training. Firstly, sufficient samples are extracted according to certain characteristics in the special region. It can be trained by the SVM classification model. Then the ROI is processed and all the pixels are classified into boundary points and non-boundary points through the classification model. Thirdly, the boundary points are selected to obtain the accurate boundary and calculate the intima-media thickness (IMT). In experiments, two hundred ultrasound images are tested, and the results verify that our algorithm is consistent with the results by ground truth (GT). The detection speed of the algorithm in this paper is in real time, and it has high generalization characteristics. The algorithm computes the intima-media thickness in ultrasound images accurately and quickly with 95% consistence to ground truth.

Research on the Relationship between the Performance of China's Open-end Funds and Investors' Behavior

Compared with closed-end funds, open-end funds refer to funds that can be traded jointly. With the development of financial market, fund has become an important investment channel. Fund performance reflects the historical growth, net capital and profit information of the fund, and it is also a reference index for investors to invest. The research shows that fund performance and investor behavior play an interactive role, with affecting the decision-making of investors' purchase or redemption. This paper mainly studies the relationship between the performance of open-end funds and investors' behavior, so as to make people more clearly about the relationship between the performance of open-end funds and investors' behavior.

Segmentation and Measurements of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Images Using the Improved Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine

In recent years, diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular have attracted much attention due to main causes in death in human beings. To reduce mortality, there are lots of efforts which are focused on early diagnosis and prevention. It is an important reference index for cardiovascular diseases through the endovascular membrane in carotid artery by medical ultrasound images. The paper proposes a method which finds the region of interest (ROI) by convolutional neural network, segments and measures intima-media membrane mainly using support vector machine (SVM). Essentially, the task of detecting the membrane is one target detection problem. This paper adopts the strategy, named Yon Only Look Once (YOLO), a new detection algorithm, and follows the convolution neural network algorithm based on end-to-end training. Firstly, sufficient samples are extracted according to certain characteristics in the special region. It can be trained by the SVM classification model. Then the ROI is processed and all the pixels are classified into boundary points and non-boundary points through the classification model. Thirdly, the boundary points are selected to obtain the accurate boundary and calculate the intima-media thickness (IMT). In experiments, two hundred ultrasound images are tested, and the results verify that our algorithm is consistent with the results by ground truth (GT). The detection speed of the algorithm in this paper is in real time, and it has high generalization characteristics. The algorithm computes the intima-media thickness in ultrasound images accurately and quickly with 95% consistence to ground truth.

An Empirical Implementation of Markowitz Modern Portfolio Theory on Indonesia Sharia Equity Fund: A Case of Bahana Icon Syariah Mutual Fund

Bahana Icon Syariah, one of Bahana TCW’s mutual fund products, is less preferred by investors due to historical poor performance over the last five years compared to the reference index of Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). Therefore, this study will evaluate and determine the optimal portfolio using the Markowitz’s Modern Portfolio Theory in four different market conditions – overall in the last five years, sideways, bullish, and bearish – with two variables, active and semi-active investment strategy. Data input refers to stocks that have always been recorded at least 80% in the Jakarta Islamic Index 30 (JII 30) and Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII 70) from October 2015 to October 2020. The findings reveal that active investment strategy is always superior to the semi-active under any form of market conditions. The results showed that there were 8 stocks worthy of being included in the portfolio, 4 stocks worthy of consideration, and 9 stocks worthy of being removed from the portfolio. The results are expected to be used and developed as one of the company's tools to obtain optimal portfolio returns.

أثر إسلام الصحابي بعد ردته على صحبته: دراسة نظرية

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مدى تأثير الردة على استمرار الصحبة، في حق من ثبتت له صفتها وارتد، ثم أسلم، لكن إسلامه كان بعد وفاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. وانتظم البحث بعد المقدمة في: مشكلة البحث، وأهمية الموضوع، وأسباب اختياره، والدراسات السابقة، وخطة البحث، والتي تكونت من: مقدمة، ومبحثين، وخاتمة، وشملت: أبرز النتائج، وأهم التوصيات، وفهرس المراجع، ثم بعد الخطة جاء منهج البحث المتبع في الدراسة، والذي كان معتمداً على المناهج العلمية الثلاثة، المنهج الاستقرائي، والتحليلي، والاستنباطي. وكان من أبرز خصائص البحث الخروج بحكم لهذه القضية الهامة، وبيان المترتب على هذا الحكم، والربط بين علم الحديث، وعلم الفقه، وأصوله، من خلال المسألة الرئيسية في البحث، وهي حبوط العمل بالردة، من عدم حبوطه.