Reference Text Research Articles

"Karabakh or Death, no Other Way!": Hip Hop and War in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan

In post-Soviet Azerbaijan, hip hop is the main musical genre that articulates the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict that escalated into two wars (1992-94; 2020). The creativity of hip hop artists is a prime example of intertextuality as they reference, quote, and remake texts of previous Azerbaijani hip hop songs, thus offering accounts of the way the conflict unfolded throughout history. Yet their creativity goes further than providing narratives: it becomes a powerful tool to promote nationalist imagery and inspire patriotism. In this paper, I rely on interviews and first-hand experience while doing fieldwork in Azerbaijan when the Second Karabakh War erupted, and analyze popular hip hop songs, focusing on discourses that arise as part of hip hop’s generic intertextuality. Specifically, I focus on the figure of the martyr that continuously reappears to accentuate the topic of sacrifice and to trigger affects at the core of mobilization and patriotism.

The Impact of One Thousand And One Nights on Western Romance Stories. The Story of Tristan and Isolt Is an Example

Objectives: This research is concerned with demonstrating the impact of the ancient Arabic narrative structure on Western love stories. To demonstrate the areas of convergence and divergence in the fundamental and eternal idea of love, as writers expressed it in their arts in varying ways, and they met in expressing it in some axes, which leads to exploring Western civilization’s dialogue with the stories of One Thousand and One Nights in Western love stories. Methods: The research considered that the optimal threshold for comparison is to determine the impact of Arabic literature on Western literature, and to explain the term “romance.” Then, taking the stories of One Thousand and One Nights as a reference text, we show, through comparison between it and one of the love stories known to Westerners - which is the story of Tristan and Aizult - the points of similarity and difference between them, adopting the approach of intertextuality to clarify the features of the cultural impact of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. In Western stories. Results: The West’s contact with the East had an impact on the new concept of love in European literature. The book One Thousand and One Nights is considered one of the most influential books in Western romances, including the story of Tristan and Iseult. The research showed the possible Arabic origins of this story through textual comparison, as well as between the most prominent features. The cultural impact of One Thousand and One Nights. Conclusion: The book One Thousand and One Nights had an impact on changing some Western literary concepts, including the concept of romance, and this influence was clear in Western romances. Recommendations: The research recommends paying attention to comparative studies and rooting literary concepts and their roots to demonstrate the points of convergence between cultures and the role of Arabs in civilizational interaction.

A Review on Colorectal Cancer and the Role of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine as Complementary Therapy

Colorectal cancer (CRC), encompassing cancers of the colon and rectum area, is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, posing a significant health challenge. In 2020, CRC contributed to 9.4% of all cancer fatalities. With the significant rise in cases among the elderly, it is projected that the figure will double by 2035 globally, particularly in less developed countries. For many years, surgery and chemotherapy have been the mainstay treatments for cancer, but patients with metastatic disease have generally faced poor outcomes. Currently, there is a renewal of interest to explore the potential of natural products to treat cancers. Nature provides many effective treatments for severe diseases, with around 75-80% of the global population relying on conventional medical practices due to limited access to healthcare and concerns about synthetic medicine safety. Natural products are crucial for treating infectious diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders, and references in religious texts have spurred scientific validation of traditional claims. These products are excellent sources for CRC treatments, with nearly 50% of current cancer therapies derived from natural ingredients. This review focuses on the discussion of colorectal cancer and the potential of Chinese traditional herbs used in treating colorectal cancers. Furthermore, various signalling pathways of CRC and the possible mechanism of TCM intervening in these pathways are also discussed.

Six lectures on linearized neural networks

Abstract This tutorial examines what can be learnt about the behavior of multi-layer neural networks from the analysis of linear models. While there are important gaps between neural networks and their linear counterparts, many useful lessons can be learnt by studying the latter. A few preliminary remarks, before diving into the math: • We will not assume specific background in machine learning, let alone neural networks. On the other hand, we will assume some graduate-level mathematics, in particular probability theory (however, we will refer to the literature for complete proofs.) • Some of the notations that are used throughout the text will be summarized in appendix A. • We will keep bibliographic references in the main text to a minimum. A short guide to the literature is given in appendix B.

Sir William Capell and A Royal Chain: The Afterlives (and Death) of King Edward V

AbstractIt is generally assumed that the memory of Edward V, king of England, was an important part of the politics and culture of the century following his disappearance and probable murder in 1483. This article considers the material culture associated with Edward and contributes to an understanding of his fate and how it was viewed in the reigns of Richard III, Henry VII, and beyond. In stark contrast to the experience of other elite figures in the period, Edward's memory was not promoted and supported through any of the potential lieux de mémoire which might have been preserved, created, or adapted for the purpose. The decades to the middle of the sixteenth century saw little if anything by way of an emerging tradition of visual presentations of the king. There was no indication of the emergence of physical locations in which his memory might be cultivated, and textual references remain sparse. A previously overlooked reference to Edward's chain, in the possession of the Capell family early in the sixteenth century, illustrates the remarkably limited interest in Edward as a personality and in his fate in the years after his disappearance. And while there is a clear possibility that the chain came to the Capell family in some neutral way, as the king's property was distributed in the aftermath of Edward's disappearance, there is also the possibility that it came as a result of his murder – and through the Capells’ connection with the alleged murderer, Sir James Tyrell.

Black Informational Past: History, Data, and Archives of Chicago's ‘New Negro’ Wonder books

ABSTRACTIn 1927, an organized group of Black college and graduate students from the Washington Intercollegiate Club of Chicago compiled a rich informational reference text reflecting the mosaic of Black life in Chicago, IL, USA. This effort resulted in the publication of two editions of the Intercollegian Wonder Book in 1927 and 1929. These books are reflective of the New Negro movement and cultural renaissance of the Black urban population in the early 20th Century. Our project examines the influence of the Wonder Books through methods that express the layered informational context of a Black community. The poster reflects the iterative development of a phased descriptive, archival, data and visual analysis of an historic Black Community. such as citation tracking, genealogical research of individual members, and analysis of data usage by the club's active students.

Tracing Political Implications of the Color Red in China From 1919 to 1976

This study explores the political implications of the color red in China from 1919 to 1976, analyzing its usage and significance within published literature through the lens of historical events and ideological shifts. Utilizing the Google Book Ngram Viewer and Voyant tools, this research traces patterns in the frequency and context of the term "红色" (red) in Chinese texts. The analysis identifies significant peaks in usage corresponding to key historical moments, including the Nanchang Uprising, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, and the Cultural Revolution. The study finds that the color red is uniquely intertwined with political discourse in China, contrasting with other politically charged colors such as black, white, and yellow. Despite the color’s symbolic prominence, its direct references in pivotal political texts like Mao Zedong’s Quotations are relatively sparse, suggesting a complex interplay between visual symbolism and textual representation. The findings highlight the color red’s profound role in reflecting and shaping political ideologies during this transformative period in Chinese history.

Der gut strukturierte Tod

Abstract Based on the example of King Conrad I’s death, this paper wants to contribute to the question of how medieval historiography chose and arranged its contents. It postulates that chroniclers narrated their histories just like medieval authors of fictional literature by using plot schemes. Before King Conrad I died, Ottonian sources tell us, he had called for his brother and designated the Saxonian Duke Henry I king. Former research saw vast similarities between the sources as either evidence for their reliability, as textual references, or regarded them as written result of an oral tradition at the Ottonian court. A comparison with several ( East-/West- ) Franconian and English narratives about other rulers’ deaths ( e. g. Pepin the Younger, William the Conqueror or Saladin ) shows us that not only Ottonian, but chroniclers in general used the same textual elements, which they arranged in a similar order. One reason for this might be references to the Bible and hagiography. However, since there are no obvious linguistic borrowings tangible between the narratives, the death of Conrad I in the Ottonian sources can be interpreted as a variation of narratives, based on a more widespread scheme used probably all over Latin Europe. This scheme was distributed in different ways: by the use of textual models, but also by the adaption of oral narratives.

The effect of transcreation on coherence and the marketing purpose in Arabic A comparison with a reference text

The effect of transcreation on coherence and the marketing purpose in Arabic A comparison with a reference text

Capaneus philosophus? Una nota su Zenone, Filodemo, Stazio (e Lucrezio)

Abstract This short article, which starts with a reconsideration of the philosophical characterization of Statius’ Capaneus, aims at investigating the reception of the mythical figure of Capaneus in Hellenistic philosophy. Both among the Stoics (Zeno and, maybe, Chrysippus, according to Diogenes Laertius and Athenaeus) and the Epicureans (Philodemus in P.Herc. 452 olim 463, fr. 13), Capaneus occurs in the philosophical discourse on the definition of the sage, albeit with different nuances and reference texts. Statius, Neapolitan poeta doctus with Stoic and Epicurean patroni, may have drawn insights from this intellectual environment to provide his Capaneus with philosophical overtones. In the last paragraph it is cautiously suggested, on the basis of P.Herc. 452 olim 463, fr. 13, that Lucretius’ Epicurus in the well-known prologue of the De rerum natura – a model for Statius’ Capaneus – may have been influenced by the Epicurean reception of Capaneus.

Exprimer la dynamique spatiale par l’utilisation de l’adjectif grave et ses équivalents polonais dans les textes de loi

Starting from the observation that the construction of vague reference in legal texts is intended by the legislator, we examine the intensifier adjective grave linked to linguistic vagueness. The aim is to define the meanings of grave and the role of the noun it qualifies, and to identify Polish equivalents in comparable and parallel legal texts. After mentioning studies on vagueness and vague reference, we analyse definitions that indicate two meanings: ‘importance’ and ‘consequence. The ‘cause-consequence’ relationship becomes central to the study of the categories of intensifiable nouns and grave meanings. The Polish equivalents prove that it is polysemous and that the place of the N in the logical relation must be taken into account.

Framework and Initial Steps Towards Industry-Relevant Undergraduate Electrochemical Engineering Education

It is widely expected that the use of electrochemical processes will grow rapidly in the coming decade. This growing industry requires a commensurate workforce. However, currently there is little educational infrastructure nationally to provide the number of well-educated incoming engineers and scientists that are needed. Using a design-based research approach, we have developed a framework for curricular development in undergraduate electrochemical engineering, and report here on the first author’s first course offering as the beginning of an iterative refinement process.Our education and research framework is outlined in Figure 1, which illustrates the four main aspects of the project – learning goals, tools, courses, and research – and shows how they are connected. There are two learning goals for students. First, the development of conceptual understanding of electrochemical topics enables them to develop the knowledge structures needed to access and operationalize the content in new contexts, such as in industrial practice. Second, engaging students in disciplinary practices provides an authentic experience of the sociotechnical work faced by engineers in industry. These goals will be realized using tools housed in the Concept Warehouse, an online instructional tool constructed by members of our research team. Tools include concept questions provided to students in class to develop their conceptual understanding, which will then be assessed using a concept inventory in development. An industrially-situated virtual laboratory will allow students to experience a realistic task that engages them in both knowledge practices and social practices of professional engineers. Instructors at a range of institutions, beginning with Tufts University, will teach electrochemical engineering courses. They will design the courses according to how they best fit their individual context, but all courses will incorporate the two learning goals and will be supported by the three tools. The project will be supported by a comprehensive research plan that contains two studies – an interview study and a design-based research (DBR) study. First, we plan to interview practicing engineers in the electrochemistry industry to understand both the conceptual knowledge they rely on (for development of the concept inventory) and disciplinary practices they use in their work (to inform the industrially-situated virtual laboratory). Second, using a DBR approach, we will utilize multiple data sources to both improve the instructional design of these courses and develop transferable knowledge about the development of conceptual understanding and disciplinary practices using these instructional tools.In this work, we report on the development of the framework and on the electrochemical engineering course developed and delivered in Fall 2024 by the first author, a post-doctoral fellow at Tufts University, as a pilot. This was also the first author’s first solo course delivery, and general insights on this process will also be shared. The course was offered to 13 students, of whom 8 were undergraduate chemical engineering students, one was a master’s student, and 4 were PhD students. The first half of the course centered electrochemistry fundamentals, using Electrochemical Engineering by Thomas Fuller and John Harb as a reference text, and emphasized conceptual understanding using concept questions and culminating in an entirely conceptual mid-term exam. In the second half of the course, students explored practical applications of electrochemistry, supported by conversations with industry professionals, culminating in a final project on an application of interest for each student.Finally, we discuss next steps in this project, in particular ongoing development of a virtual laboratory and concept inventory, as well as inter-institutional collaboration. Figure 1

Optimizing Gender Equality Messages on the Mubadalah.id Website

This qualitative study aims to measure the optimization of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) on content containing gender equality values ​​on the mubadalah.id website. This research focuses on the editorial team's and writers' efforts to use SEO on the mubadalah.id website using Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) theory to optimize asynchronous communication. The values ​​of gender equality are seen from the perspective of Qira'ah Mubadalah, which has three indicators, namely a perspective (minzhar) that humanizes humans, a way of reading (qira'ah) reference texts by placing men and women as subjects and whole human beings, and ways of grouping (qa'idah) experiences, mutuality, or cooperation between men and women. This research uses interview and digital observation methods. The results show that mubadalah.id has a comprehensive SEO strategy, but there is still room for improvement in its implementation.

Integrating Art Analysis And Appreciation Into Subjects Areas And Disciplines Through Art Criticism And Interdisciplinary Learning

The quest for teaching aids and multi-media resources for teaching, and learning and the overriding interest in creating meaning in all disciplines is the motivation for this study. This all important drive for creating meaning through a multi-strategy of interdisciplinary nature in the context of this study identified as Art Criticism, calls forthe inquiry into interdisciplinary learning due to its numerous benefits. The art has been seen by many as a subject area or discipline that has little or no relevance to other fields of study. In view of these preconceived notions, this study proposes that integrating art analysis and appreciation into teaching and learning will not only correct this notion but also create a more rewarding and all inclusive interdisciplinary method of teaching and learning. Therefore, this research highlights the relevance of arts in interdisciplinary learning and explores the ways that art criticism and learning could be used to integrate art analysis and appreciation into other subjects as an interdisciplinary enterprise. This research adopts Richard Mayer's Multimedia Cognitive Learning Theory to explain the effectiveness of integrated teaching and learning, using art and multimedia in multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary approach. The methodology adopted for this research is basically qualitative research method with historical and deductive approaches used.This is achieved through documentary observation and textual references in the analysis and as means to advance the argument of the study. The study concludes that the evidence that sufficed the fact that the integration of art criticism and interdisciplinary learning has the potential to promote students' engagement in interdisciplinary understanding. This research recommendsthat art criticismis a means through which teaching and learning experience across disciplines is enhanced.

Application of the Qira'ah Mubah Method in Content on the Mubadalah.Id Website (In April 2023)

This research examines the relevance of Qira'ah Mubadalah's values and Kartini's thoughts in the content presented by Mubadalah.id during April 2023. The focus of the research is to understand the extent to which understanding and appreciation of Kartini's struggle is reflected in the content, as well as the influence and relevance of kartinian values in discussions and articles published on the platform. This relevance can be related to the values and perspective of Qira'ah Mub is one that has 3 indicators, namely a perspective (minzhar) that humanizes humans. Second, how to read (qira'ah) reference texts by placing men and women as subjects and complete humans. Third, the way of grouping or in Arabic terms (qa'idah) experiences, distractions, or cooperation between men and women is reflected in the word cloud and word frequency tables. This research is a type of qualitative research using text data in the media, samples and techniques for sampling news/documents (text) in the form of content on the Mubadalah.id website totaling 20 articles in the April 2023 time period. Data Sources and Data Collection Methods used are primary data collected from the website. Data is retrieved by downloading articles and saving them using pdf. And in data processing, data is processed using Nvivo software by utilizing the word cloud feature. The research results show that the content of Mubadalah.id predominantly discusses the issues of women, Kartini, figures, migrant workers, and the like. The word "woman" appeared 216 times, indicating the significance of the issue of women in the content. Therefore, this research provides insight into the potential of preaching gender equality through social media and confirms the relevance of Kartini's values in a contemporary context.

An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion in TED Speech Texts: A Case Study of Teach Girls Bravery, Not Perfection

Based on the cohesion theory of Halliday and Hasan, this study analyzed the application of cohesion devices and explored the significant characteristics of their frequency and distribution in a TED speech Teach girls bravery, not perfection . Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is found that reference is the most frequently used grammatically cohesive device, mainly due to the high frequency of personal reference in the whole speech text, which refers to both the speaker and the audience. And in the subcategory of conjunctions, additive conjunctions are the most frequently used, and the simplest form and , is used to add some new information and promote the development of the speech content. Finally, substitution and omission were used in a limited way.

L’analisi grafica tra tradizione e innovazione

Through the analysis of a number of studies on graphic analysis carried out starting with Vincenzo Fasolo’s volume, Analisi grafica dei valori architettonici - a dense book that collects his lectures given at the Faculty of Architecture in Rome - an attempt is made to trace a timeline that, by recounting the evolution of this aspect of the discipline of Drawing, can highlight how the use of new technologies has contributed to making graphically evident themes and issues that the studies of the past had largely consol- idated only to remain in oblivion since the debate on “the crisis of architecture” arose between the 1960s and 1970s. The essay intends, without claiming to be exhaustive, to indicate some reference texts that, once reread, may contribute to further considerations on their topicality and fu- ture developments revised in the light of the broad possibilities provided by the digital. In a certain sense, these thematic expansions have already been addressed in some texts, such as in many of the essays in the journal Ikhnos, founded in 2003 by Giuseppe Pagnano or, even more specifically, by Edoardo Dotto in his 2012 volume, Il progetto della Sinagoga di Hurva di Louis I. Kahn. Analisi grafica. Through a diachronic process that investigates some salient moments of graphic analy- sis studies in Italy, the aim is to provide elements of reflection to broaden these themes with the current tools of representation.

Artistic style decomposition for texture and shape editing

AbstractWhile methods for generative image synthesis and example-based stylization produce impressive results, their black-box style representation intertwines shape, texture, and color aspects, limiting precise stylistic control and editing of artistic images. We introduce a novel method for decomposing the style of an artistic image that enables interactive geometric shape abstraction and texture control. We spatially decompose the input image into geometric shapes and an overlaying parametric texture representation, facilitating independent manipulation of color and texture. The parameters in this texture representation, comprising the image’s high-frequency details, control painterly attributes in a series of differentiable stylization filters. Shape decomposition is achieved using either segmentation or stroke-based neural rendering techniques. We demonstrate that our shape and texture decoupling enables diverse stylistic edits, including adjustments in shape, stroke, and painterly attributes such as contours and surface relief. Moreover, we demonstrate shape and texture style transfer in the parametric space using both reference images and text prompts and accelerate these by training networks for single- and arbitrary-style parameter prediction.

Content-based quality evaluation of scientific papers using coarse feature and knowledge entity network

Pre-evaluating scientific paper quality aids in alleviating peer review pressure and fostering scientific advancement. Although prior studies have identified numerous quality-related features, their effectiveness and representativeness of paper content remain to be comprehensively investigated. Addressing this issue, we propose a content-based interpretable method for pre-evaluating the quality of scientific papers. Firstly, we define quality attributes of computer science (CS) papers as integrity, clarity, novelty, and significance, based on peer review criteria from 11 top-tier CS conferences. We formulate the problem as two classification tasks: Accepted/Disputed/Rejected (ADR) and Accepted/Rejected (AR). Subsequently, we construct fine-grained features from metadata and knowledge entity networks, including text structure, readability, references, citations, semantic novelty, and network structure. We empirically evaluate our method using the ICLR paper dataset, achieving optimal performance with the Random Forest model, yielding F1 scores of 0.715 and 0.762 for the two tasks, respectively. Through feature analysis and case studies employing SHAP interpretable methods, we demonstrate that the proposed features enhance the performance of machine learning models in scientific paper quality evaluation, offering interpretable evidence for model decisions.

The Direction of Slant and Horizontal Stroke as Potential Suggestive Markers for the Determination of Handedness

Abstract Background: The task of document examiners is very challenging, as they need to gather all the relevant facts to make an informed decision regarding the questioned document. In the present study, a total of 300 handwriting samples from 100 different writers (involving 50 right-handed and 50 left-handed) were collected at Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. Slant and stroke, as characteristic features of handwriting, were visually examined under a stereomicroscope to ascertain the handedness. Methods: Slants and Strokes as characteristic features were analyzed in a total of 300 handwriting samples collected from 50 left-handed and 50 right-handed writers of age 17–22 years. A reference text comprising three pangram sentences printed on A4 paper and a blue ball point pen was used for sampling. Results: The data collected during the study were analyzed using a statistical method (Chi-square test) and revealed that the left-handed writers (LHWs) had a significantly (P < 0.05) different writing style than the right-handed ones. Results indicated that LHWs are more likely to make strokes in the right-to-left direction and slant of letters in the backward direction, while right-handed writers make strokes in the left-to-right direction and slant of letters in the forward direction. Conclusions: The findings of the study showed valuable insight and highlighted the significance of the direction of slant and horizontal stroke as potential indicators for the determination of handedness.