Reference For Comparison Research Articles

DOP101 Maintaining remission after an episode of steroid-responsive Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: what is the best strategy?

Abstract Background The best maintenance therapy after a steroid-responsive acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) episode remains poorly studied and is not addressed in current guidelines. We aimed to compare the impact of different treatment strategies following hospitalization for steroid-responsive ASUC. Methods Multicentric, multinational, retrospective cohort study including patients hospitalized with ASUC, between 2010-2021, who responded to intravenous steroids (Oxford Criteria). Patients were categorized according to treatment instituted after discharge - 5ASA, immunomodulators (IMM) and advanced therapy (AT). AT was considered as the reference for comparison. Our primary outcome was a composite of time until disease progression (need for steroids, need for therapy change, new hospitalization or colectomy); secondary outcomes were each event analyzed separately. Survival analysis and multivariate cox regression were performed. Results 271 steroid-responsive patients from 19 countries were included; median-age at diagnosis was 33 (IQR 25-48) years, 49% were male, 49% had extensive colitis at diagnosis; median disease duration was 26 (IQR 3.0-92.3) months. Following hospitalization for steroid responsive ASUC, 34% of patients received 5-ASA as a maintenance therapy, 23% IMM and 43% AT. During a median follow up of 59 months (IQR 38-92), 68% had disease progression: new course of steroids was needed in 40%, therapy change in 54%, new hospitalization in 33% and colectomy in 10%. In univariate analysis, patients treated with 5-ASA had a trend towards earlier disease progression, compared to AT (HR 1.37, CI 95% 0.99-1.91, p=0.06), earlier need for steroids (HR 1.70, CI 95% 1.11-2.59, p=0.014) and therapy change (HR 1.68, CI 95% 1.15-2.43, p=0.007). In multivariate analysis, adjusting for age and disease extension at diagnosis, disease duration, use of AT prior to ASUC hospitalization, and period of hospitalization (2010-2015 vs 2016-2021), patients treated with 5-ASA had a higher risk of disease progression compared to both IMM (HR 1.50, CI 95% 1.02-2.21, p=0.041) and AT (HR 1.86, CI 95% 1.26-2.74, p=0.002) – Figure 1. No differences were seen between IMM and AT in uni- and multivariate analysis. Shorter disease duration (HR 0.99, CI 95% 0.99-0.99, p=0.007), and prior use of AT (HR 1.67, CI 95% 1.13-2.47, p=0.010) were also associated with higher risk of disease progression – Table 1. Conclusion After an episode of steroid-responsive ASUC, shorter disease duration and prior use of advanced therapy were risk factors for disease progression. Approximately 1/3 of patients was treated with 5ASA alone. This strategy was also associated with a higher risk of poor outcomes and should be avoided.

Basalt grid reinforcement of lightweight plywood

By using basalt fibre grids as a reinforcing material, lightweight plywood with improved bending properties could be produced by using low density hardwood veneers and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives. The improvement in flexural strength would allow it to be used in a wider range of load-bearing applications. In this study, acrylate-coated basalt fibre grids with a grammage of 200g m-2 and uncoated basalt fibre grids with a grammage of 116g m-2 were inserted into the outer glue joints of five-layer lime (Tilia cordata) plywood as reinforcement. The plywood was bonded with two formulations of PF adhesive. The evaluation of the mechanical properties showed increases for the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE). The increase in MOR was up to 25% in the parallel direction of the top layers and up to 49% in the perpendicular direction of the top layers for plywood reinforced with the acrylate-coated basalt fibre grid compared to the unreinforced reference in a raw density-adjusted comparison. After treatment to evaluate moisture resistance under cyclic test conditions (MR), the reinforced plywoods exhibited similar bending strength to the unreinforced reference after standardised climate conditioning. At the same time, the addition of coated basalt fibre grid had no effect on surface soundness (SS). Therefore, the use of coated basalt grid as a reinforcing material could be a good way to produce high-strength plywood using low-density hardwood veneers.

Phenotypes of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stages do not correlate with symptoms or characterize important prolapse subtypes. We hypothesize that clinically meaningful prolapse "phenotypes" utilizing POP-Q measurements can be defined. The primary aim was to define the phenotypes and their frequency. Secondary aims were to compare demographics, medical characteristics, and symptoms between phenotypes. Patients who previously underwent prolapse surgery were retrospectively categorized into 1 of 8 phenotypes based on 2 principles: (1) prolapse exists when the anterior or posterior vaginal wall descend to the hymen or the apex descends half total vaginal length, and (2) prolapse may exist in anterior, posterior, and/or apical compartments. Demographics, medical characteristics, and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) responses were compared. Linear and logistic regression models were used for comparisons. The AC (anterior-predominant and apical) phenotype was most common (231 of 501 patients, 46.1%) and served as the reference for comparisons. The no prolapse, P (isolated posterior), C (isolated apical), and PC (posterior-predominant and apical) phenotypes were younger. The A (isolated anterior) phenotype was older. P, PC, and APC (anterior and posterior and apical) phenotypes had greater body mass index. The P phenotype Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory scores were higher. Similarly, the PC phenotype had higher scores for bowel splinting and rectal prolapse. Conversely, the C phenotype total PFDI-20 scores were lower (P = 0.01). Only the APC phenotype had no significant differences in any PFDI-20 question compared with the AC phenotype. These phenotypes may allow for improved understanding, communication, and counseling about prolapse and prolapse treatment.

CCQM-K155: elements and tributyltin in seawater

Main textTwenty National Metrology Institutes and Designated Institutes registered in the CCQM Key Comparison of CCQM-K155 "Elements and Tributyltin in Seawater" and nineteen institutes submitted their results. Participants were requested to evaluate the mass fractions, expressed in ng/g, of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc and ng/kg level of tributyltin in seawater. Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) are assigned to the various measurands by the NIST decision tree approach (NDT). Participants used analytical methods of their choice. Most participants employed dilution or co-precipitation for sample treatment and analyzed the samples using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS) or standard addition method with ICP-MS, applying various interference removing techniques for different elements. For tributyltin, most participants utilized derivatization followed by liquid-liquid extraction, with analysis conducted using isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS.Successful participation in CCQM-K155 demonstrates measurement capabilities for determining mass fraction of transition elements (excluding mercury) and metalloids/semi-metals, with mass fractions ranging from 0.1 ng/g to 50 ng/g. Additionally, it covers small organo-tin and organo-mercury compounds with mass fractions from 1 ng/kg to 50 ng/g in a high-salt content matrix (seawater).To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report on key comparison APMP.M.P-K7.2 in hydraulic gauge pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa

Main textThis report describes the result of the key comparison APMP.M.P-K7.2 in hydraulic pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode between National Institute and Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT) and National Metrology Laboratory-Industrial Technology Development Institute (Philippines) (NMLPHIL). The comparison was carried out between October 2015 and March 2016 within the framework of Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP). The purpose of this comparison was to determine the degrees of equivalence between the hydraulic pressure standards maintained by NMLPHIL and NIMT in order to evaluate the relationship between the measurement result made by NMLPHIL and the CCM Key Comparison Reference Value (KCRV) through NIMT measurement result which was found in the key comparison APMP.M.P-K7. In this comparison NIMT was the pilot institute. Two hydraulic pressure transducers belonging to NIMT were used as the transfer standards. To ensure the reliability of the artifact, five complete measurements were performed before and during the comparison. Therefore, the behaviour of the transfer standards during the comparison period was well characterized. The degrees of equivalence of two national measurement standards were expressed quantitatively by the deviations from the key comparison reference values. In conclusion, the hydraulic pressure in the range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode, developed by the hydraulic pressure balance reference standards maintained by both participating NMIs were found to be fully equivalent under their claimed uncertainties. It can be concluded that the measurement result in hydraulic pressure from 10 MPa to 100 MPa in gauge mode, made by NMLPHIL has been corresponded to the CCM KCRV under the uncertainties claimed.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

CIPM key comparison of viscosity CCM.V-K4

Main textThis report describes the fourth CCM key comparison in capillary viscometry among twelve National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), of which, nine NMIs maintain an independent viscosity scale and three NMIs do not maintain an independent viscosity scale. The comparison was carried out between January 8th 2018 and April 30th 2018. Two samples of Newtonian liquids with nominal kinematic viscosities of 170 mm2/s at 20°C, 65 mm2/s at 40°C and 10 mm2/s at 100°C for sample A and 10 000 mm2/s at 10°C 4 600 mm2/s at 20°C and 120 mm2/s at 100°C for sample B. Both samples were prepared by CENAM and provided to each one of the participants NMIs. For each of the samples at three temperatures, a total number of 64 measurements were carried out by the participants. From the values reported for the viscosity measurements, the key comparison reference values (KCRV) for six data sets were calculated. The degrees of equivalence were evaluated by the difference of the reported viscosity value with the KCRV. It was found that 9 measurements (14%) showed a degree of equivalence greater than the estimated uncertainty for the degree of equivalence.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report of the EURAMET supplementary comparison of mass standards of 20kg

Main textIn order to validate the participants' calibration measurement capabilities (CMCs) and to provide a basis for the submission of reviewed or new CMCs for National Metrology Institutes of member countries of the "Comité International des Poids et Mesures" (CIPM), supplementary comparisons of mass standards have been carried out under the auspices of the EURAMET. This is a comparison of the 20kg stainless steel mass standard. The aim of this supplementary comparison was to compare the results obtained by NMIs in the calibration of 20kg stainless steel weights. BEV, Austria was the pilot laboratory. Measurements were performed between 15 May 2022 and 28 June 2024. The data analysis was carried out by Dr Lars Nielsen (DFM). The participants' results were in agreement with the comparison reference value except one laboratory (SMU, Slovakia), after two laboratories updated their values.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

CCQM-K158 elements and inorganic arsenic in rice flour

Main textKRISS and NMIJ jointly coordinated the CCQM-K158 comparison on elements and inorganic As in polished rice flour. The study comprised two parts, Part A and Part B. Successful participation in formal international comparisons is essential for documenting calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) by national metrology institutes (NMIs) and designated institutes (DIs). CCQM-K158 specifically supports CMCs within the food category, corresponding to the sample matrix labeled "High organic content" in the new CC table for broad claims. Simultaneously, the CCQM-P200 comparison ran in parallel with the key comparison CCQM-K158.In Part A, sixteen NMIs/DIs participated. Participants were requested to measure the mass fractions of Cu, Hg, K, Na, Pb, and Sb in rice flour, expressed in mg·kg-1, on a dry mass basis. Most NMIs/DIs adopted microwave-assisted acid digestion in a closed vessel for sample pretreatment, except for NIS, which used open vessel acid digestion with heating. Majority of the participants used isotope dilution (ID) ICP-MS, except for K and Na. ICP-MS or ICP-OES with standard addition calibration and k0 INAA were also applied specially for elements of which ID is impossible or difficult to access. ICP-MS, ICP-OES, AAS methods were also used with external calibration.In Part B, fifteen NMIs/DIs participated. Participants were requested to evaluate the mass fractions, expressed in mg·kg-1, of total arsenic and inorganic arsenic (the sum of As (III) and As (V)) in polished rice flour. For total As, thirteen NMIs/DIs reported their analytical results, where all the NMIs/DIs, except for JSI, adopted ICP-MS with a microwave acid digestion. JSI adopted k0-INAA after pelletizing the sample. For inorganic As, seven NMIs/DIs reported their analytical results, where all the NMIs/DIs adopted liquid chromatography-ICP-MS with a thermostatically controlled extraction using diluted acids.The results of all the participating NMIs/DIs were evaluated against the key comparison reference value (KCRV). The KCRV and associated uncertainty were estimated from reported results, excluding outliers, using NIST decision tree (NDT) as an estimator of the KCRVs.Successful participation in CCQM-K158 Part A demonstrates measurement capabilities for determining mass fractions of alkali and alkaline earth (K, Na), transition (Cu, Hg, Pb), and metalloid/semi-metal (Sb) elements in mass fraction range above 0.05 mg kg-1, in high organic content matrices such as grains, beans, and related samples. Similarly, successful participation in CCQM-K158 Part B demonstrates measurement capabilities to determine mass fractions of total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic species such as inorganic arsenic (the sum of As (III) and As (V)), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-methyl arsenic compounds (MAA, DMAA, TMAO, TeMA), arsenocholine (AsC), and arsenobetaine (AsB), in mass fraction range above 0.05 mg·kg-1 in grains, beans, and related samples.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Key comparison CCQM-K78.b - non-polar analytes in organic solvent: methoxychlor and trifluralin in acetonitrile

Main textThe CCQM-K78.b key comparison was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) on behalf of the CCQM Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the 'Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière' (CCQM), for National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) providing measurement services in organic analysis under the 'Comité International des Poids et Mesures' (CIPM) Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).This key comparison was conducted as a 'Track A' comparison within the OAWG's 10-year strategic plan. The goal of CCQM-K78.b was to underpin capabilities for the value assignment of calibration solutions containing low polarity/non-polar organic analytes in organic solvents. The selected model system consisted of a two-component pesticide solution in acetonitrile, comprising methoxychlor and trifluralin.Participants were tasked with assigning the mass fractions, in units of μg/g, of methoxychlor and trifluralin in acetonitrile solution. The mass fraction levels and analytical challenges of the selected analytes were representative of those encountered for calibration solutions of non-polar organic analytes. Participation in CCQM-K78.b allowed for the benchmarking of capabilities for assigning the mass fraction of non-polar organic compounds (pKow < -2) in solution, at mass fractions above 5 μg/g, in an organic solvent. Additionally, the comparison assessed the capabilities for the quantitative assignment of thermally labile compounds.Participants were provided by the BIPM with ampoules containing methoxychlor and trifluralin in acetonitrile. Each participant reported the mass fraction content of each analyte in μg/g. All participants ensured the metrological traceability of their results through the use of a Primary Reference Material (PRM), which was used to prepare a primary calibrator solution for each analyte using a gravimetric procedure. The twenty participating institutes primarily used analysis procedures based on GC-MS, -IDMS, -MS/MS, -ECD, and -FID, with some participants also using LC-UV for the value assignment.The analysis of methoxychlor and trifluralin in acetonitrile solution presented several challenges, including the thermal stability of the analytes under selected analytical techniques, control of solvent volatility, and considerable variation in some results using MS-based quantification methods. The mass fraction assignments for methoxychlor and trifluralin, consistent with the key comparison reference values (KCRVs), were achieved with associated relative standard uncertainties of (0.38 - 2.9) % for methoxychlor and (0.35 - 2.5) % for trifluralin.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 54Mn to include the 2024 result of the POLATOM (Poland)

Main textSince 1976, 17 laboratories have submitted 43 samples of 54Mn to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54. Recently, the POLATOM (Poland) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

ОБЛАСТЬ ПРИМЕНИМОСТИ ДАННЫХ СПУТНИКОВОЙ АЛЬТИМЕТРИИ ДЛЯ ВАЛИДАЦИИ АЛГОРИТМОВ ОЦЕНКИ ВЫСОТЫ ВЕТРОВОГО ВОЛНЕНИЯ

Satellite altimetry stands as one of the paramount sources of information regarding significant wave height, primarily due to its global coverage and near real-time availability. This study evaluates the radius of the quasihomogenity region of the eind waves field is estimated based on in situ and altimetry measurements. In situ data were collected during five marine expeditions utilizing drifting wave buoys (Spotter) and the Sea Vision radar system. Ten altimetric missions (Level 3) provided by CMEMS, as well as ERA5 reanalysis of wind speed, were processed. The outcome of the study is an assessment of the maximum radius circle centered on the satellite measurement point, within which the wave field can be considered homogeneous, enabling the use of altimetry data as reference for comparison with other data sources, as well as a methodology for refining this estimate taking into account the heterogeneity of the wind field.

Development and early life stress sensitivity of the rat cortical microstructural similarity network.

Network models derived from neuroimaging have revolutionized our understanding of human brain development but need translation into animal models to interrogate their underlying mechanisms. Rats provide a valuable model due to their complex behaviors and biological similarities to humans; however, in vivo models of individual-level brain networks remain underdeveloped. In this study, we present a novel computational pipeline to construct such networks from in vivo rat structural neuroimaging data. Our findings highlight the dynamic development and experiential sensitivity of fronto-hippocampal systems in rats, offering a reference for cross-species comparisons and mechanistic insights into brain architecture. To support broader research efforts, we include an open release of code and data for rat MIND similarity network analysis.

CALCULATION OF STATIC DEFORMATION OF AXISYMMETRIC SHELLS OF ROTATION WITH DIFFERENTIAL MODEL

In the paper differential equations of static geometrically nonlinear deformation of axisymmetric shell of rotation are obtained. The resolving functions are projections of vectors in the global coordinate system. The equations allow describing any geometry of meridian (breaks, curvature jumps), large deformations, changing of shell thicknesses during deformation, also cross shears characteristic for thick shells. For the numerical solution, the approach based on the finite difference method is applied, which is realized in the own software package for the calculation of the mechanics of spatial rod systems – DARSYS. The calculations of test problems of the internal pressure inflation of cylindrical, spherical, elliptical, conical shells, as well as a combined conicalcylindrical shell with a meridian break are presented. Graphs of convergence of displacements at the reference points as a function of mesh density and under load variation are given, and deformed meridian configurations are plotted. The solutions obtained in ANSYS by different finite elements of Shell type were used as a reference for comparison. APDL scripts for parametric calculations of the test problems are given in the text of the paper. The proposed approach to the calculation of static deformation of shells of rotation has shown good agreement with finite element modeling in ANSYS (including thick shells) and in the future will be extended to the modeling of dynamic deformation and the possibility of solving coupled problems of interaction with liquid or gas. The given equations of the axisymmetric shell are a special case of the general equations, the development and application of which are beyond the scope of this paper, and the obtained solution results are the first stage of testing the developed complex approach to the calculation of static and dynamic deformation of shells, alternative to finite-element modeling.

Discovery and Chemical Exploration of Spiro[Benzofuran-3,3'-Pyrroles] Derivatives as Innovative FLT3 Inhibitors for Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

This study aimed at the synthesis of several spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives by a three-component reaction conducted by mixing DMAD, N-bridgehead het-erocycles, and benzofuran-2,3-diones in dichloromethane at room temperature for 24 h. Moreover, in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity affinities against FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 was carried out. The objective of this study was to use a one-pot, three-component reaction to synthesize a novel set of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives. A novel set of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] ((11-13)a-e) was synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction involving dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, N-bridgehead heterocycles and benzofuran-2,3-diones in dichloromethane at room temperature for 24 h. The compounds were analyzed using NMR 1H, 13C, 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), and HRMS. Docking simulations were conducted to elucidate the anticancer activity of synthe-sized compounds on FLT3 protein, with Gilteritinib as a reference for comparison. This study demonstrated the successful design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for AML treatment. The synthesized compounds demonstrated promising binding affinities and significant inhibitory activity against FLT3 kinase. The inhibitors (11a, 11b, 11c, 12d, and 12e) exhibited excellent selectivity profiles against FLT3. Particularly, compound 12e showed strong binding affinity and potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.5 μM). Fifteen new synthetic spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] were prepared, character-ized, and evaluated for cytotoxicity affinities against FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. Compound 12e showed strong binding affinity and potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.5 μM), making it a promising candidate for further development as a therapeutic option for AML treatment. These findings lay the groundwork for further optimization and development of spiro[benzo-furan-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives as potential therapeutics for AML treatment. Further studies are needed to explore their efficacy and safety profiles in preclinical and clinical settings.

(Digital Presentation) Improved Properties of Polyurethane Coatings Using Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Imidazole

Corrosion causes damage to the steel infrastructure, and polyurethane coatings were developed to overcome this issue. Three types of samples were evaluated in the study: the first consisted of pure polyurethane (PU), serving as the reference for comparison; the second incorporated Mesoporous Silica (MSN) within the polyurethane matrix; and the third involved polyurethane mixed with Imidazole-loaded MSN, which was then applied to the carbon steel substrate. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) affirmed the effective encapsulation of the corrosion inhibitor Imidazole in MSN, achieving a loading capacity of 37 wt.%. The electrochemical technique was employed to assess the corrosion resistance, where results obtained from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) over a period of 168 hours indicated that the Imidazole-loaded coatings provided more robust and consistent corrosion protection compared to both the MSN-enhanced and the pure PU samples by maintaining the impedance above 1 GΩ by the end of the test period while the other two sample types went below 1 MΩ. This enhanced protective performance is credited to the inhibitor's role in passivating the steel surfaces against saltwater exposure. Additionally, Potentiodynamic testing (Tafel) on scratched samples over 144 hours period showing a change in the corrosion current from 1.07 μA to 20.4 μA then back to 10.8 μA for the MSN, and from 1.39 μA to 7.54 μA and finally back to 2.07 μA for the Imidazole loaded MSN-PU coating demonstrating the corrosion protection benefits of both coating with better performance when using the Imidazole loaded MSNand better the an the steadily decreasing performance in the pure PU samples going from 3.43 μA to 40.2 μA over the same timeframe.

Cardiac functional assessment using prospectively electrocardiography-triggered computed tomography in children with congenital heart disease: Comparison of radiation dose and image quality between heart rate-dependent single-extended and heart rate-independent dual-focused scans

PurposeTo evaluate radiation dose (RD) reduction potential of heart rate-independent dual-focused scan of prospectively electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered computed tomography (CT) for cardiac functional assessment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), RD and image quality of the scan mode were compared to those of heart rate-dependent single-extended scan. MethodsThis study encompassed 1,252 prospectively ECG-triggered pediatric cardiothoracic CT examinations, including single-focused (a reference in matched comparisons), single-extended (younger patients), and dual-focused (older patients) scans. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the confounding effect of age and sex in two matched groups (MPs) (younger MP: single-focused vs. single-extended; older MP: single-focused vs. dual-focused). CT RD, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the MPs were compared. ResultsThe effective dose of single-extended (1.4 ± 0.5 mSv) and dual-focused (1.1 ± 0.4 mSv) scans were approximately 2.0–3.2 times higher than (depending on heart rate) and approximately 1.8 times (irrespective of heart rate) that of the age- and sex-matched single-focused scans (0.6 ± 0.2 mSv), respectively. Image noise and SNR of single-extended and dual-focused scans were similar to those of the age- and sex-matched single-focused scans (p values > 0.05). The CNR was also comparable between single-focused and single-extended scans (younger MP) (p > 0.05), but a slightly lower CNR of the dual-focused scans compared to single-focused scans was observed in the older MP (p < 0.02). ConclusionFor cardiac functional assessment in children with CHD, heart rate-independent dual-focused prospectively ECG-triggered scan can reduce CT RD, especially at lower heart rates, with comparable image quality, compared to heart rate-dependent single-extended scan.

Enhancing Lesion Detection in Inflammatory Myelopathies: A Deep Learning-Reconstructed Double Inversion Recovery MRI Approach.

The imaging of inflammatory myelopathies has advanced significantly over time, with MRI techniques playing a pivotal role in enhancing lesion detection. However, the impact of deep learning (DL)-based reconstruction on 3D double inversion recovery (DIR) imaging for inflammatory myelopathies remains unassessed. This study aims to compare acquisition time, image quality, diagnostic confidence, and lesion detection rates among sagittal T2WI, standard DIR, and DL -reconstructed DIR in patients with inflammatory myelopathies. In this observational study, patients diagnosed with inflammatory myelopathies were recruited between June 2023 and March 2024. Each patient underwent sagittal conventional turbo spin-echo sequences and standard 3D DIR (T2WI and standard 3D DIR used as references for comparison), followed by an undersampled accelerated DIRDL examination. Three neuroradiologists evaluated the images using a four-point Likert scale (from 1 to 4) for overall image quality, perceived signal-tonoise ratio, sharpness, artifacts, and diagnostic confidence. The acquisition times, and lesion detection rates were also compared between the acquisition protocols. A total of 149 participants were evaluated (mean age 40.6 ± 16.8 years; 71 females). The median acquisition time for DIRDL was significantly lower than for standard DIR (298 seconds [interquartile range (IQR), 288-301] vs 151 seconds [IQR, 148-155]; P < 0.001), showing a 49%time reduction. DIRDL images scored higher in overall quality, perceived signal-to-noise ratio, and artifact noise reduction (all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in sharpness (P = 0.07), or diagnostic confidence (P = 0.06) between the standard DIR and DIRDL protocols. Additionally, DIRDL detected 37% more lesions compared to T2WI (300 vs. 219; P < 0.001). DIRDL significantly reduces acquisition time and improves image quality compared to standard DIR without compromising diagnostic confidence. Additionally, DIRDL enhances lesion detection in patients with inflammatory myelopathies, making it a valuable tool in clinical practice. These findings underscore the potential for incorporating DIRDL into future imaging guidelines. DL = deep learning; DIR = double inversion recovery; IQR = interquartile range; MS = multiple sclerosis; AQP4+NMOSD = AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MOGAD = MOG antibody-associated diseases.

Spatial adaptation in children with autism - A study based on behavioural dynamic video data

Children with autism show unique behavioural patterns and sensitivity to spatial elements; therefore, size and furniture arrangement at rehabilitation facilities can affect behaviour. In this study, spatial adaptation during three situations (learning, playing with toys, and finding objects) was evaluated for different spatial sizes in children with autism using video data. In particular, 330 videos of training sessions involving 15 boys with autism aged 4–6 years in spaces classified as training space (large, medium, and small) and immediate surroundings (activity areas and hallways) were evaluated. Skeletal data were acquired using AI motion capture technology and transformed into movement volume and positions using Grasshopper. Differences between children with autism in normal and aggressive states in different spaces were analyzed. The movement of volume increased in all space sizes during the aggressive state, especially in large spaces. In large spaces, the movement volume during learning was significantly larger, but object-seeking was significantly smaller in the aggressive state than in the normal state. In the immediate surrounding, the volume of movement varied significantly across behavioural states. Additionally, compared with the normal state, the movement location of children with autism in the aggressive state were more dispersed. The movement of location for learning, activity area and hallway were closer to the wall. Playing with toys and finding objects overlapped more with the furniture. This study provides a basis for the spatial adaptation of intervention services for children with autism and a reference for comparisons with current design standards.

Heat endurance and impact resistance: Investigating fibrous engineered cementitious composites under impact loads at elevated temperatures

This study presents experimental findings that assess the influence of boundary end conditions on the response of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) reinforced plates under impact loading, both before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. Testing encompassed three sets of small-sized ECC plates alongside three comparable sets of normal-strength concrete (NC) plates. The distinguishing factor among the three groups lies in the end boundary conditions. Specimens were tested under different scenarios, including four-end restriction, two-end restriction, and a clamped case. Within each group, three plate specimens underwent heating to temperatures of 200, 400, and 600 °C, while the fourth plate specimen served as an unheated reference for comparison. In total, 24 specimens were subjected to repeated drop-weight impacts until failure. The study recorded key parameters for each plate, including impact force, central deflection, and acceleration for each impact blow. In addition, the number of blows that caused failure (Nf) was recorded for each plate. The test results revealed that exposure to elevated temperatures led to decreased Nf and impact force for both NC and ECC plates, concurrently with increased deflection. A semi-stabilized region between 200 and 400 °C was identified in the relationships between the Nf and temperature, where Nf records decreased by up to 62 % and 77 % for NC, and 85 % and 91 % for ECC after exposure to 200 and 400 °C, respectively. However, the impact resistance significantly diminished for plates exposed to 600 °C, exhibiting minimal Nf records, reduced impact forces, and high deflections. In the case of unheated plates, the augmentation of the end restriction resulted in an increase in the retained impact force and a decrease in deflection. However, a discernible trend was not observed for heated plates, mainly attributable to the thermal degradation affecting the corners of the restrained edges in some plates.

Regional/ethnic differences in ocular axial elongation and refractive error progression in myopic and non-myopic children.

To determine the regional and ethnic differences in ocular axial elongation and refractive error progression in myopic and non-myopic children. A retrospective analysis of 15 longitudinal clinical and population-based studies was conducted in the UK, Sweden, Australia (classified as European), China, and Vietnam (classified as East Asian) between 2005 and 2021. A total of 14,593 data points from 6208 participants aged 6-16 years with spherical equivalent from +6 to -6 D were analysed. Progression was annualised from longitudinal axial length and cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) refraction. Generalised estimating equation models including main effects and interactions were used for model building. Age and region-specific estimates for myopes and non-myopes and confidence intervals are reported. Factors affecting axial elongation and SE progression in children included being myopic, followed by age, region/ethnicity and sex. The magnitude of regional/ethnic differences was dependent on myopia and age. Axial elongation and SE progression were lower in European compared with East Asian children, but differences were reduced with increasing age and differences in axial elongation were larger in myopes than non-myopes. Age-specific regional/ethnic differences indicated that axial elongation for a 6-year-old East Asian myopic child was greater than a European child by 0.15 mm/year (0.58 vs. 0.43 mm/year) and by 0.09 mm/year (0.35 vs. 0.26 mm/year) for a 10-year-old myope. SE progression was lower in a 6-year-old European myope by 0.48 D/year and at 10 years of age by 0.34 D/year compared with an East Asian myope. There are regional/ethnic differences in age-specific refractive and axial growth patterns in both myopic and non-myopic eyes, with more marked differences in younger East Asian children who demonstrated a higher axial growth and greater negative SE shift than their non-Asian peers. Regional/ethnic differences in progression reflect environmental and ethnic variations. Age and region/ethnicity-specific estimates could contribute as a reference for future comparisons.