Reference Group Influence Research Articles

Which reference groups matter for Taiwanese high school adolescent smoking? A card sorting study

BackgroundAdolescence represents a pivotal period for the initiation of smoking behaviours. While family, peer and social groups serve as significant reference groups influencing adolescents’ decision-making process, there remains a paucity of research that examines how diversified reference groups influence their smoking decisions.ObjectiveThe objective is to compare normative and informative influences given by different reference groups on adolescents’ smoking decision-making.DesignThis study applied reference group theory and used the card sorting technique. Adolescents were presented with 16 cards portraying various reference groups and 27 cards portraying different types of reference group influences. They were asked to construct sentences as smoking-elicited and smoking-inhibited cues and ranked these influences based on their relevance to their smoking decision-making.ParticipantsThe participants were recruited from four cities in the North, Central, South and East regions of Taiwan. The study sample consisted of 297 Taiwanese 11th graders drawn from high schools, vocational high schools and night schools.Primary outcome measuresThe most influential reference group among smokers, former smokers and never smokers.ResultsOur results of multivariable logistic regression show that for current smokers, having a smoking best friend (aOR=7.58,p<0.01), having a smoking colleague (aOR=3.83,p<0.01) and participating in ceremonial dance performances (aOR=4.62,p<0.01) are more likely to smoke. Peers play an important role in providing smoking-elicited cues for current smokers. Families provided the most smoking-inhibited cues for former and never smokers. Normative influences such as encouraging adolescent smoking provided more cues for adolescents than informative influences such as releasing stress by smoking.ConclusionsAdolescent smoking behaviour was influenced by peer norms, while former and non-smoking behaviours are associated with family norms. Therefore, tobacco prevention efforts should focus more on family-level interventions to discourage smoking initiation. Smoking cessation programmes for current smokers should address the reduction of peer pressure to smoke. Moreover, schools and community partners should collaborate to develop effective smoking cessation strategies, particularly for high-risk groups such as adolescents who involved in ceremonial dance performance.

CONSUMER EDUCATION, FAMILY AND REFERENCE GROUP INFLUENCE IN ASO EBI SELECTION IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

In Nigeria, the selection of aso ebi, a traditional attire worn for special occasions, is influenced by various social and familial factors. This study examined the relationship between family influence, reference group influence, and consumer education in the selection of aso ebi in Southwest Nigeria. Two research questions were posed, and two hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A correlational design was employed to collect data from 1200 adult individuals (aged 18 years and above) in the Southwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria, covering Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo states. A validated, reliable, self-structured questionnaire titled "Consumer Education and Behaviour in the Choice of Aso Ebi Questionnaire (CEBCAQ)" was used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s r and Fisher's Z statistics. Findings revealed a positive but low correlation between consumer education and both family (r = 0.10) and reference group purchasing behaviour (r = 0.14) in aso ebi selection. The relationship between consumer education and consumer behaviour was significantly stronger among male adults than female adults (rmales = 0.62, rfemales = 0.49, Zcal > Ztab); and significantly stronger among older adults than younger adults (rold =0.59, ryoung = 0.48, Zcal > Ztab). The study concludes that the complex interplay of social pressure, family dynamics, reference groups, and economic factors influencing aso ebi choices aligns with consumer behaviour surrounding clothing articles globally. Future research could explore how consumer education programs may be tailored to target families and address social influences in aso ebi selection.

From Consumer's Attitude towards Online Purchase Decision: Influence of Friends and Reference Groups

The rapid advancement of e-commerce has piqued researchers' interest in identifying the determining factors of online purchase decisions. They have found abundant information about the influence of consumer attitudes but still have divergent results, indicating a gap in studies with mediating variables. The study aims to examine the mediating effect of the opinions of friends and reference groups on the relationships between consumer attitudes and online purchase decisions. The study surveyed 654 respondents and analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equations (PLS-SEM). The results show that consumers' attitudes significantly positively influence their online purchase decisions, which are mediated by the opinions of friends and influence groups. The opinions or recommendations of friends or other reference groups with similar purchasing experiences influence consumers. The research establishes a connection between constructs that influence online purchase decisions, with the main theoretical contribution being the analysis of the effect of friends' opinions and reference groups on generating a better consumer predisposition to make decisions in the virtual environment. The empirical contribution offers information that marketing managers should consider based on the results achieved, proposing strategies focused on reference groups that facilitate consumer decision-making.

The Impact of Reference Group Influence and Self-Value Judgment on Civilized Tourism Behaviour

This research focuses on tourists visiting Beijing, examining the influence of self-perceived value and reference group impact on their civilized tourism behavior and willingness. The study finds that both normative and informational reference group influences, along with perceived value, significantly positively affect tourists' civilized behaviors.

The Influence of Reference Groups, Lifestyle, and Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions for Samsung Brand Smartphones (Study on Undergraduate Students of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University)

The Influence of Reference Groups, Lifestyle, and Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions for Samsung Brand Smartphones (Study on Undergraduate Students of Management, Faculty of Economic and Business, Udayana University)

The Influence of Product Differentiation and Reference Groups on Xiaomi Smartphone Purchasing Decisions

Various smartphone brands with varying prices and specifications continue to emerge and develop in society. This study aims to determine the effect caused by product differentiation and reference groups on consumer purchasing decisions. This research is a quantitative research with product differentiation and reference groups as independent variables and consumer purchasing decisions as dependent variables. This study uses questionnaire data collection techniques and obtained 68 respondents, namely students of D-IV Marketing Management Study Department of Business Administration Malang State Polytechnic who use Xiaomi smartphones. Data analysis used was multiple linear regressions. The results show that partially product differentiation variables have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, besides that the reference group variables also have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. So from that it can be concluded that differentiation and reference groups can influence consumer purchasing decisions by increasing the superiority and value of the product and increasing the company's image to attract consumer attention.

Generation Z's perception of privacy on social media: Examining the impact of personalized advertising, interpersonal relationships, reference group dynamics, social isolation, and anxiety on self-disclosure willingness

Research background: Consumers frequently exchange personal data for limited benefits from digital services, despite privacy concerns. This data enables digital providers to tailor content and enhance marketing communication, and digital services' effectiveness and efficiency. Purpose of the article: Utilizing the principles of privacy calculus theory, this study aims to identify how attitudes towards advertising (ATT), perception of advertising credibility (CRE), consumer susceptibility to interpersonal (II) and reference group influence (RGI), social isolation (SI) and social anxiety (SA) influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media derived from the Generation Z privacy concerns (PC) and develop a prediction model for such behavior. Methods: Data was gathered using an online self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 451 Generation Z individuals. A non-random convenient sampling technique and binary logistic regression were used to quantify the influence of selected independent variables on the dispersion of values in the dependent variable under investigation. Findings & value added: The results highlight that Generation Z's self-disclosure willingness on social media is significantly influenced by attitudes toward advertising and consumer susceptibility to reference group influence. The effect of social isolation was also close to the required level of statistical significance. It means that positive attitudes towards advertising and high susceptibility to influence from reference groups enhance the probability of personal information disclosure. Being one of the few studies to address factors that influence the willingness of Generation Z to disclose personal information on social media, this study stands out for its holistic approach. Thus, combining various interconnected elements provides a fresh perspective to comprehend the intricate dynamics of Generation Z's relationship with privacy on social media.

Reference groups as external influence in choosing a private higher education institution

Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) play a crucial role in South Africa as there is a growing need for higher education. However, these institutions face numerous challenges in the current tough economic climate. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the influence of reference groups on consumer’s decision-making process when choosing a PHEI. The literature review revealed very little research has been conducted on how reference groups influence consumer’s decision-making when choosing a PHEI. This addresses a significant gap that the research aimed to analyse. This study used a qualitative research design in the form of 23 semi-structured interviews. The target population of this study included students enrolled in three PHEIs and a non-probability snowball sampling technique was used to draw the sample or until data saturation had been reached per institution. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify broad themes and patterns, after which categories and codes were created. ATLAS.ti 22 supported the qualitative data analysis process. The findings indicated that reference groups, especially family members, played crucial decision-making roles. The findings can inform and lead to more effective marketing strategies and policies.

Event-Management in Socio-Cultural Space: Analysis of the Life-Cycle Stages Conceptions According to the Modern Conditions

Relevance. Modern management practice increasingly considerate behavioral aspects, including features of decision-making, influence of impressions. This gives special significance to those areas allowing to combine both components. So then special events are gaining interest. The purpose is to identify the appropriate approach to life cycle of the technological process in event-management development. Objectives: systematize and comparatively analyze existing concepts, identify key factors influencing the feasibility of these, formulate a concept that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of events in terms of providing targeted impact. Methodology includes comparative and system analysis. Synthesis makes it possible to single out optimal for modern conditions approach. Results. Systematizes and analyzes the existing approaches to determining the stages of the life cycle in event-management. The author classifies the existing concepts into short-term and long-term ones, differing in the composition of the management system and the features of its relations. Formulates two approaches to indicate event management system actors. Based on the importance of informative and social factors, the specifics of event management correlation with social factors during the life circle unvailes. Conclusions. Many of existing approaches overlook the influence of self-organizational processes in the controlled subsystem (visitors) on the final impact. The author proposes an integrative life cycle model with factors previously ignored: the influence of reference groups (including online communities), event representation in digital environment.

PENGARUH GAYA HIDUP DAN KELOMPOK REFERENSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN LAPTOP GAMING MERK ACER ( Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Game Online di Kota Surabaya Timur )

This research aims to investigate the influence of lifestyle and reference groups on purchasing decisions for Acer brand gaming laptops. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method through primary data collection or questionnaires. The respondents of this research are members of the kill the last community in East Surabaya. This research sample consisted of 90 respondents selected randomly. The data collected will be analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques and hypothesis testing to test the hypothesis of this research. The research results show that the reference group has a significant influence on the decision to purchase an Acer Brand Gaming laptop. In the current era of globalization, it causes an increase in population and technological developments. Human lifestyles change along with technological developments, resulting in a modern, digital and instantaneous human lifestyle. This causes the need for technology products to become a primary need, one of which is the need for laptops. The increase in people's lifestyles and knowledge from the reference group causes people to become more critical in choosing the laptop products offered, giving rise to competition between laptop companies in getting sympathy, in order to get purchasing decisions from consumers. The Acer company was founded by Stan Shih who comes from Taiwan. Acer laptops are one of the laptops that have always been the choice of people in the city of Surabaya

Reference Group and Testimony as determinant on Interest of Buying Exploration Nmax Motorcycle

Objectives – This purpose’s research to determine the influence of reference group and testimonial on interest of buying exploration both partially and simultaneously toward Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City. Design/Methodology/Approach – This research used a purposive sampling size of 100 people from Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City as the unit of analysis. Findings – The results of these research conclude that variable of reference group and testimony partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on intereset of buying exploration among Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City. Conclusions and Implications - Reference Groups and Testimonials have a significant positive effect on Purchase Exploration Interest among Nmax motorbike users in Tasikmalaya City. For Nmax motorbike sellers in Tasikmalaya, they can increase the Reference Group and Testimonials to increase consumer interest in buying Nmax products.

Influence of reference groups of brand connectivity of consumers

Purpose: the main aim of the study is to find the influence of reference groups on the factors of brand connectivity Method: the study depends upon the primary data obtained through a well structures questionnaire. The researcher applied convenience sampling method to obtain 389 responses from all the 15 zones of Chennai city and applied confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model, linear multiple regression analysis and one-way analysis of the variance. Findings: it is found that the primary reference group comprises family members with intimate connection and close friends with a dominating type whereas the secondary reference group consist of office colleagues, professionals in the office and superiors and subordinates Practical Implications: the present research is focusing on the predominant reference groups frequently influences the changing behaviour of consumers and their brand choice behaviour, the factors directly determine the existence of profound brand connectivity among the consumers and to know the empirical relationship between reference group influences on brand connectivity perception of consumers in the study area. Originality/Value: the study focus on measuring the impact of reference group of customers in consolidating the brand connectivity between customers and brands on the basis of emotional attachment and brand performance and satisfaction

Conceptualizing Patient as an Organization With the Adoption of Digital Health.

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting adoption intention using the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), HB (Health Belief model), and the UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). The argument is made that the adoption of the technology enables patients to create resources (ie, data), transforming patients from mere consumers to producers as well. PLS analysis showed that health beliefs and perceived ease of use had positive effects on the perceived usefulness of digital healthcare, and system capabilities positively impacted perceived ease of use. Furthermore, perceived service, the customer's willingness to change and reference group influence significantly impacted adoption intention (b > 0.1, t > 1.96, P < .05). However, privacy protection and data security, online healthcare resources, and user guidance were not positively associated with perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness, the customer's willingness to change, and the influence of the reference group are decisive variables affecting adoption intention among the general population, whereas privacy protection and data security are indecisive variables. Online resources and user guides do not support adoption intentions.

The Influence Of Lifestyle And Reference Groups On The Decision To Purchase A XIAOMI SMARTPHONE

This research aims to find out the lifestyle and reference group of Xiaomi smartphone purchasing decisions in Bogor City. This type of research uses a Quantitative approach. Sampling using Slovin Technique, with a sample count of 100 respondents. The data collection method is done using the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used in this study is a multiple linear analysis technique. This research uses the SPSS Test tool. The results showed that partially lifestyle had a significant effect on purchasing decisions. This is evidenced by getting a greater t-count value when compared to the t-table value (5,028 &gt; 1,984) with a significant level of 0.05. Reference Group has no significant influence on purchasing decisions. This can be proven by obtaining a greater t count value when compared to ttable (0,808 &gt; 1,984) with a significant level of 0.05. While simultaneously there is the influence of Lifestyle and Reference Group on Purchasing Decision in Bogor City. With the calculation result that has been done generates a value of Fhitung count &gt; Ftable of (15,379 &gt; 3.09) with a significant value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between lifestyle and reference groups on purchasing decisions

The Influence of Service Quality and Customer Reference Groups on Consumer Buying Interest In PT. Valve Products. Rame Rekaguna

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of service quality and customer reference groups on consumer purchasing interest in PT valve products, Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa. This type of research is included in the category of causal associative quantitative research. The research data source is primary data using a questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale. The sampling technique used was a saturated sample. This research was conducted on 114 consumers of PT. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that service quality and customer reference groups, both partially and simultaneously, have a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest in PT valve products. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa. Results of testing data on service satisfaction and reference groups on interest in purchasing valve products at PT. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa obtained Fcount (12,558) &gt; Ftable (3.18) and a significance level of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. This shows that the significance value of the simultaneous test (f test) was obtained at a value of 0.000, thus it can be concluded that there is a simultaneous influence between Service Quality and Reference Group Customers' interest in buying at PT. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa. Based on partial research conducted on service quality on interest in purchasing valve products at PT. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa obtained a significance value greater than α (0.166&gt;0.05) and the calculated t value was smaller than t table (1.404 &lt;1.675). This shows that service quality has no partial effect on interest in purchasing valve products at PT Rame Rekaguna Initiative. So that service satisfaction influences repurchase, or interest in repurchasing a product. Based on partial research conducted on the reference group regarding interest in purchasing valve products at PT Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa, the t count was 4.455, and the significance was 0.000. Therefore, the significance value is smaller than α (0.000&gt;0.05) and the calculated t value is greater than the t table (4.455&gt; 1.675). This shows that the customer reference group has a partial influence on interest in purchasing valve products at PT. Rame Rekaguna Prakarsa so it can be concluded that the reference group has a positive and significant effect on purchasing interest.

Reference Group and Testimony as determinant on Interest of Buying Exploration Nmax Motorcycle

Objectives – This purpose’s research to determine the influence of reference group and testimonial on interest of buying exploration both partially and simultaneously toward Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City. Design/Methodology/Approach – This research used a purposive sampling size of 100 people from Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City as the unit of analysis. Findings – The results of these research conclude that variable of reference group and testimony partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on intereset of buying exploration among Nmax motorcycle users in Tasikmalaya City. Conclusions and Implications - Reference Groups and Testimonials have a significant positive effect on Purchase Exploration Interest among Nmax motorbike users in Tasikmalaya City. For Nmax motorbike sellers in Tasikmalaya, they can increase the Reference Group and Testimonials to increase consumer interest in buying Nmax products.

The Impact of Reference Group on New Product Adoption

The purpose of this study is to determine what the reference groups are, what the new product adoption is and what the social factors that can affect it are. To determine whether there is a direct relationship between formal and informal reference groups and new product adoption. Then, the two major types of reference groups, formal and informal, are identified. Finally, the theoretical framework will make its way toward investigating the variant reference group sub types and how they can influence new product adoption. A survey-based research strategy was adopted for a survey of 411 respondents. The sample’s majority were aged less than 40 years with postgraduate education and worked in private organizations. The findings of this study supported the hypotheses of a relationship between opinion leaders, celebrities (formal reference groups) and family members and friends (informal reference groups) on new product adoption. Finally, it was concluded that opinion leaders had the highest significant influence in regard to product adoption. Celebrities as well as friends also had a significant impact on product adoption. Family, on the other hand, had an insignificant impact on product adoption. This study was performed to understand the impact of reference group influence on product adoption. The effect of reference group influence improves the adoption of new products.

Analisis Perilaku Konsumen Terhadap Minat Beli di Pasar Seni To’pao

Nopi 'Sapa' 2023. Analysis of Consumer Behavior on Purchase Intention at the To'Pao Art Market. This research is to find out how to analyze consumer behavior towards buying interest in the to'pao art market. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research in which researchers develop consumer behavior towards buying interest at to'pao art markets. The results of this study indicate that there are several factors that influence buying interest in the to'pao art market, namely: 1. Cultural factors influence a person's purchasing decision to follow the customs of the community, or ethnic groups collect and wear when attending certain events. 2. Social factors influence the influence of reference groups, family, and roles and status to cause a person to make a purchase intention in order to gain recognition in society. 3. Personal factors are influential because work, age, and economic conditions encourage someone to make a purchase intention. 4. Psychological factors affect purchase intention through motivation, information, and influence from other people so that it automatically causes a positive perspective on an item.

The role of reference group influence: A benchmarking study with working and non-working groups

This research examines reference group influence on working women and non-working women. It examines how working women and non-working women differ in their susceptibility to reference group influence across product categories: private necessity, private luxury, public necessity, and public luxury. Data collection included 1044 responses, which were analysed using analysis of variance and validated through discriminant analysis. Results show that working women and non-working women differ in their susceptibility towards reference group influences. The findings reaffirm that it is imperative to devise different marketing approaches accordingly and that women cannot be considered a single homogenous target market.

Increasing Consumers’ Purchase Intentions for the Sustainability of Live Farming Assistance: A Group Impact Perspective

Live farming assistance, which is an important channel for emerging agricultural sales, alleviated the challenges of disrupted agricultural sales caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in past years. As the final purchasers of products, consumers are directly related to the sales conversion rate of live farming assistance. Unlocking the potential influence of consumers’ purchase intentions in live farming assistance and exploring ways to improve consumers’ purchase intentions will help the sustainable operation of live farming assistance. The hidden quality of agricultural products, the public welfare nature, and the high interactivity of live farming assistance make consumers more susceptible to the group effect during the shopping process. This paper analyzes the impact of the group effect on consumers’ purchase intentions based on reference group influence theory and emotional contagion theory. Data is obtained through questionnaires for empirical testing. Three kinds of group effects are examined: informational effect, normative effect, and emotional effect. The research results indicate that the group effect has a positive and direct impact on consumers’ purchase intentions, and experience value plays a critical mediating role in this relationship. We further predict a moderated-mediation model, whereby the indirect effect of the group effect on consumers’ purchase intentions, through experience value, is moderated by tie strength. The research findings contribute to the study of consumer buying behavior in live e-commerce, and provide insights for practitioners to improve the conversion rate of live farming assistance and promote sustainable operation of live farming assistance.