Reduction Of Inflammatory Markers Research Articles

Effect of apical foraminal enlargement on postoperative pain and inflammatory markers in asymtomatic single-rooted mandibular teeth with apical periodontitis - An in vivo randomized controlled trial.

This study aims to assess the effect of apical foraminal enlargement on inflammatory markers and pain in patients with asymptomatic single-rooted mandibular teeth with apical periodontitis. The study included 60 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Before beginning root canal treatment (RCT), a blood sample was obtained from the antecubital fossa to evaluate the inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Access opening was done and initial irrigation was done. Working length (WL) was determined with an electronic apex locator and verified with a radiograph. In the control group, the determined WL was maintained, while in the experimental group, the WL was set till the apical foramen. Biomechanical preparation was done in both groups till F2 or F3 based on the initial apical file, followed by final irrigation and obturation based on the master apical file size. Patients were given a Visual Analog Scale to record pain sensations at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperative. After 72 h, patients were recalled for follow-up appointments, and blood was taken from the antecubital fossa again to evaluate inflammatory markers. The resultant findings for the reduction in inflammatory markers before and after RCT with or without foraminal enlargement were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test. The pain was statistically examined with one-way "analysis of variance" and Tukey's post hoc test for inter-group comparison of pain. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). As pain in the control groups is zero before and after RCT, statistical analysis is not required as the overall pain score is zero. The P values of the CRP and ESR of the control group were 0.02 and 0.03, respectively, which indicates it is significant whereas the P values of the ESR and CRP of the experimental group were 0.0002 and 0.0008 which indicates it is highly significant. Results indicate that the experimental group is more effective compared to the control group in reducing inflammatory markers. Pain in the control group after RCT was zero at the end of 24, 48, and 72 h. In the experimental group, where RCT was done with apical foraminal enlargement, mild pain was present at the end of 24 h which gradually decreased at the end of 48 h and no pain was reported at the end of 72 h. Reduction in inflammatory markers was more effective in RCT with apical enlargement than without apical enlargement. RCT with apical enlargement caused mild pain in the patients immediately after treatment which gradually decreased over time.

Surveying haemoperfusion impact on COVID-19 from machine learning using Shapley values.

Haemoperfusion (HP) is an innovative extracorporeal therapy that utilizes special cartridges to filter the blood, effectively removing pro-inflammatory cytokines, toxins, and pathogens in COVID-19 patients. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the clinical benefits of HP for severe COVID-19 cases using Shapley values for machine learning models. The research involved 578 inpatients (≥ 20years old) admitted to Baqiyatallah hospital (Tehran, Iran). The control group (359 patients) received standard treatment, including high doses of corticosteroids (a single 500mg methylprednisolone pulse, followed by 250mg for 2days), categorized as regimen (I). On the other hand, the HP group (219 patients) received regimen II, consisting of the same corticosteroid treatment (regimen I) along with haemoperfusion using Cytosorb H300. The frequency of haemoperfusion sessions varied based on the type of lung involvement determined by chest CT scans. In addition, the value function defines the Shapley value of the th feature for the query point , where the input matrix features represent individual characteristics, drugs, and history and clinical conditions of the patient. Our data showed a favorable clinical response in the HP group compared to the control group. Notably, one-to-three sessions of HP using the CytoSorb® 300 cartridge led to reduced ventilation requirements and mortality rates in severe COVID-19 patients. Shapley values were calculated to evaluate the contribution of haemoperfusion among other factors, such as side effects, medications, and individual characteristics, to COVID-19 patient outcomes. In addition, there is a significant difference between the two groups among the treatments and medications used remdesivir, adalimumab, tocilizumab, favipiravir, Interferon beta-1a, enoxaparin prophylaxis, enoxaparin full dose, heparin prophylaxis, and heparin full dose (P < 0.05). It seems that haemoperfusion has a positive impact on the reduction of inflammation markers and renal functional such as ferritin and creatinine, respectively, as well as D-dimer and WBC levels in the HP group were significantly lower than the control group. The findings indicated that haemoperfusion played a crucial role in predicting patient survival, making it a significant feature in classifying patients' prognoses.

Prophylactic Therapy for Long-Term Ocular Discomfort After Cataract Surgery.

The cataract surgery dissatisfaction rate is 20% to 35% due to ocular surface discomfort. We investigate the ocular surface discomfort after surgical failure as a consequence of age-related parainflammation. We also aim to prevent it by immune-modulating prophylactic management. Monocentric clinical trial realized in a teaching hospital. Prospective, randomized, open-label, unmasked clinical trial. One hundred patients diagnosed with cataracts underwent phacoemulsification surgery. Groups A (<65 years; n = 25) and B (>75 years; n = 25) received surgery only. Groups C and D (both >75 years and both n = 25) used cyclosporine A 0.1% cationic emulsion (CE) eye drops or CE lubricating eye drops (both twice daily), respectively, for 30 days before surgery. Patients were followed up 90 days after surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative ocular surface failure; secondary outcomes examined the influence of prophylactic cyclosporine A 0.1% CE therapy on ocular surface outcomes. Group B demonstrated greater severity regarding ocular surface signs and symptoms throughout the study period, versus all other groups. Signs/symptoms were typically lower in Group A. Group C achieved significant reductions in conjunctival Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye values ( P < 0.05), conjunctival hyperemia severity ( P < 0.01), and meibomian gland dysfunction ( P < 0.001) at Day 45, versus Group B, and tear break-up time was increased ( P < 0.001). Ocular surface inflammatory marker transcription (HLADR, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM-1], and interleukin 6 [IL-6]) was significantly downregulated in Group C, versus Group B, at 90 days ( P < 0.05). Cataract surgery induced ocular surface system failure with a clinically significant persistent inflammatory status (InflammAging) in patients older than 75 years. Prophylactic cyclosporine A 0.1% CE eye drops were associated with improved ocular surface homeostasis and reductions in inflammatory markers.

The Clinical Translation of α-humulene - A Scoping Review.

α-humulene, a sesquiterpene found in essential oils of various plant species, has garnered interest due to its potential therapeutic applications. This scoping review aims to consolidate α-humulene's evidence base, informing clinical translation, and guiding future research directions. A scoping review was conducted of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases up to 14th July 2023. All studies describing original research on α-humulene extraction, as well as pre-clinical and clinical research, were included for review. Three hundred and forty articles were analysed. α-humulene yields ranged from negligible to 60.90% across plant species. In vitro experiments demonstrated cytotoxicity against adenocarcinomas (such as colorectal, pulmonary, breast, prostatic, lung, and ovarian), with varying responses in other cell models. Mechanistic insights revealed its involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction, diminished intracellular glutathione levels, and the induction of oxidative stress. In rodent studies, oral administration of α-humulene at 50 mg/kg reduced inflammation markers in paw oedema and ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation. Intraperitoneal administration of α-humulene (50 - 200 mg/kg) exhibited cannabimimetic properties through cannabinoid 1 and adenosine A2a receptors. α-humulene also exhibited a multitude of properties with potential scope for therapeutic utilisation. However, there is a paucity of studies that have successfully translated this research into clinical populations with the associated disease. Potential barriers to clinical translation were identified, including yield variability, limited isolation studies, and challenges associated with terpene bioavailability. Consequently, rigorous pharmacokinetic studies and further mechanistic investigations are warranted to effectively uncover the potential of α-humulene.

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate attenuates lipopolysacharide-induced pneumonia via modification of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy

BackgroundPneumonia, the acute inflammation of lung tissue, is multi-factorial in etiology. Hence, continuous studies are conducted to determine the mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease and subsequently suggest effective treatment. The present study attempted to evaluate the effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), an herbal antioxidant, on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in a rat pneumonia model.MethodsForty male Wistar rats, 5 months old and 250–290 g were divided into four groups including control, EGCG, experimental pneumonia (i/p LPS injection, 1 mg/kg), and experimental pneumonia treated with EGCG (i/p, 15 mg/kg, 1 h before and 3 h after LPS instillation). Total cell number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammation (TNF-a, Il-6, IL-1β, and NO), oxidative stress (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, CAT, GSH, GPX, MDA, and TAC), apoptosis (BCL-2, BAX, CASP-3 and CASP-9), and autophagy (mTOR, LC3, BECN1) were evaluated.ResultsThe findings demonstrated that EGCG suppresses the LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways by a significant reduction of inflammatory markers (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the upregulation of BCL-2 and downregulation of BAX and caspases revealed that EGCG suppressed LPS-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, ECGC suppressed oxidative injury while promoting autophagy in rats with pneumonia (p-value < 0.05).ConclusionThe current study revealed that EGCG could suppress inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and promote autophagy in experimental pneumonia models of rats suggesting promising therapeutical properties of this compound to be used in pneumonia management.

Effectiveness of Yoga in Modulating Markers of Immunity and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chronic inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory conditions. This review aims to analyze whether the practice of yoga, or yogic meditation and breathing, has any effect on the levels of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory markers in patients with various chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, neoplastic disorders, and asthma,as well as in healthy subjects, compared to usual care or sham interventions.A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and CINAHL) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of yoga as an intervention on inflammatory markers were analyzed. A total of 26 studies were included. Only two studies had a low risk of bias (RoB); 24 other studies had a high RoB. Most studies (n=24) reported a favorable outcome with yoga, irrespective of the type of yoga used, the condition studied, and the duration of the intervention. The commonly reported inflammatory markers included IL-6 (n=17), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a) (n=13), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (n=10). Most studies showed a significant reduction in inflammatory markers in the yoga group (YG) compared to the control group (CG). Few studies also showed significant improvement in markers of cellular immunity (interferon gamma (IFN-g), IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b); n=2 each) and improved mucosal defense (IgA, IL-6, and IL-2; n=2 each). A meta-analysis of IL-6, TNF-a, and CRP showed yoga had a favorable effect on the levels of these markers, but it was not statistically significant. Current evidence suggests that yoga can be a complementary intervention for various chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the quality of the evidence is poor, along with considerable heterogeneity. In the future, investigators should describe the intervention better, with a uniform assortment of outcome measures and treatment conditions, to generate high-quality evidence.

Nutritional Supplements in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Nutritional Supplements in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Role of doxycycline in the treatment of dengue infection: An open-label, randomized, controlled, pilot trial

Objective: To measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory marker [IL-6, TNF-α, ferritin and C reactive protein (CRP)] levels in patients with dengue infection. Methods: A single-centre, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was done in PGIMER Chandigarh from June 2021 to October 2022. Patients were randomized using a simple randomization process into two groups: the doxycycline treatment group (n=35) and the control group (n=34). Patients in the treatment group were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for five days along with standard treatment, whereas patients in the control group received only standard treatment. The objective was to measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory markers in dengue infection. Results: On comparative analysis at day 5, there was a statistically significant reduction in the median values of ferritin and CRP in cases compared to the control group (ferritin: P=0.006 and CRP: P=0.006). No significant reduction was noted in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusions: Doxycycline treatment led to a reduction of inflammatory markers in dengue infection.

NBS superfood: a promising adjunctive therapy in critically ill ICU patients with omicron variant of COVID-19

This clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on clinical status among critically ill ICU patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the Omicron variant of COVID-19. A total of 400 patients with confirmed Omicron-related ARDS were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 200) or the control group (n = 200). Patients in the intervention group received 1.5 g of NBS powder daily for 2 weeks in addition to standard antiviral treatment, while the control group received a placebo alongside standard antiviral therapy. Serum samples were collected from all patients in both groups, and various clinical and laboratory parameters, including ESR, CRP, D-Dimer, CPK, WBC count, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte percentage, were measured using established methodologies. Following a 14-day intervention period, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in mean serum levels of CRP (15.39 vs. 48.49; P < 0.001), ESR (14.28 vs. 34.03; P < 0.001), D-Dimer (485.18 vs. 1009.13; P = 0.001), and CPK (68.93 vs. 131.48; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conversely, a significant increase was observed in the mean serum levels of lymphocytes (1537.06 vs. 1152.60; P < 0.001) in the intervention group after 14 days of treatment compared to the control group. The remarkable reduction in inflammatory markers and mortality rates observed with NBS supplementation alongside standard antiviral treatment underscores its crucial role in mitigating inflammation and achieving an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19.

Activity of isoflavone in managing polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms (Review).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal and metabolic disorder manifested in women of reproductive age, is still being treated using drugs with side effects. As an alternative to these drugs, isoflavone, also identified as phytoestrogen, has anti-PCOS activity. Isoflavone can help relieve PCOS symptoms by lowering the level of testosterone, which causes hyperandrogenism, thereby normalizing the menstrual cycle and restoring normal ovarian morphology. Furthermore, isoflavone influences the improvement of the metabolic profile, which changes because of PCOS, as well as the reduction of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. However, both significant and non-significant results have been generated on the activity of isoflavones in PCOS. The present review aims to discuss the existing literature on the effect of isoflavone on PCOS symptoms based on in vivo and clinical trial studies.

Promising role of traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine in treatment, management and better clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

IntroductionThe Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has negatively impacted the lives of people globally. To date, no specific treatment has emerged to combat the disease. Hence, there is an urge for immediate therapy against infections like COVID-19 through the inclusion of various traditional medicines including Ayurveda. MethodsThis retrospective study was performed on 300 patients who were treated using the Holistic Ayurveda protocol at the COVID Health Care (CHC) centre. Out of 300 patients, 258 who took the AYURAKSHA Kit regularly along with the other Ayurvedic medicines for treatment were selected for this study. Demographic distribution, viral clearance, and haematological parameters of COVID-19 patients were analysed. ResultsThe maximum number of COVID-19 positive cases (31.4%) were found in the age group 20–29 years whereas the age group 40–49 years (11.52 days) and ≥ 60 years (11.5 days) took the maximum time (P = 0.035) for viral clearance. The haematological investigations showed that the Ayurveda treatment maintained the admitted patients' blood profile and coagulation profile. Strikingly, liver and kidney profiles improved post-treatment as Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase (P = 0.000), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (P = 0.000), Urea (P = 0.000), and Creatinine (P = 0.002) levels were significantly reduced. Likewise, a significant reduction in inflammation markers like C-reactive Protein (P = 0.000), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (P = 0.003), and serum Ferritin (P = 0.000) was also observed. No adverse treatment effects were observed during follow-up of the patients. ConclusionThe above outcomes showed that the Holistic Ayurveda Protocol in treating COVID-19 patients is safe, acceptable and effective. Thus, suggesting the possible integration of Ayurvedic treatment in combating such deadly diseases.

SDF-1 involvement in orthodontic tooth movement after tooth extraction

The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a key role in alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Herein, the effects of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in OTM velocity and on changes in the surrounding periodontium after adjacent tooth extraction in rats were investigated. Six-week-old male Wistar/ST rats underwent left maxillary first molar (M1) extraction and mesial OTM of the left maxillary second molar (M2) with a 10-g force closed-coil spring. Phosphate-buffered saline, immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype control antibody, or anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody were injected at the M1 and M2 interproximal areas (10 μg/0.1 mL) for the first three days. Analyses were performed after 1, 3, and 7 days (n = 7). The results demonstrated a significant increase in SDF-1 expression from day 1, which was effectively blocked via anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody injection. On day 3, the M2 OTM distance and the number of positively stained osteoclasts significantly reduced alongside a reduction in inflammatory markers in the experimental group. Our results demonstrated that serial local injection of the anti-SDF-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody reduces M2 OTM, osteoclast accumulation, and localized inflammatory responses in an OTM model with tooth extraction-induced RAP.

Preventive effects of hesperidin in an experimental model ofs acute lung inflammation

In this study, we hypothesized that long-term administration of hesperidin can modulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in animals submitted to mechanical ventilation (MV). Twenty-five C57BL/6 male mice were divided into 5 groups: control, MV, animals receiving hesperidin in three doses 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg. The animals received the doses of hesperidin for 30 days via orogastric gavage, and at the end of the period the animals were submitted to MV. In animals submitted to MV, increased lymphocyte, neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage cell counts were observed in the blood and airways. Associated to this, MV promoted an increase in inflammatory cytokine levels such as CCL2, IL-12 and TNFα. The daily administration of hesperidin in the three doses prevented the effects caused by MV, which was observed by a lower influx of inflammatory cells into the airways, a reduction in inflammatory markers and less oxidative damage.

A47 A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE CROHN'S DISEASE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION TRIAL (CD-TDI) IN MILD-TO-MODERATE CROHN'S DISEASE

Abstract Background Studies show a diet-CD remission link, yet a lack of clinical trials exists. The CD Therapeutic Dietary Intervention (CD-TDI) is an evidence-based dietary regimen based on the principles of the Mediterranean diet and incorporates insights from our pilot data as well as the scientific literature about mitigating inflammation through diet in CD. Aims To explore the efficacy of the CD-TDI compared with conventional management (CM) to induce clinical and biochemical remission in patients with active, mild-to-moderate luminal CD. Methods Participants (n=28) were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to either CD-TDI (n=16) or conventional management (CM) (n=12) for 13 weeks. Stool and blood samples were collected at the start and end of the 13 weeks, and fecal bacteriome was analyzed by 16S rRNA. Results At baseline, fecal calprotectin (FCP) or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were not significantly different. By W13, the CD-TDI group's FCP decreased (△ -113±237 µg/g), whereas the CM group experienced an increase (△ 337±1224 µg/g) (p=0.04). CD-TDI significantly reduced CRP (1.0 mg/L, IQR: 0.6-2.4) compared to the CM (4.5 mg/L, IQR: 2.6-13.0, p=0.007). In the CD-TDI group, zonulin decreased (-43 vs. +26, p=0.04) and increased in the CM group (-43 vs. +26, p=0.04), respectively. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) significantly increased in the CM group compared to CD-TDI (CD-TDI = 17 vs. CM = 26; p=0.03). Differential abundance analysis identified a higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Selenomonadaceae, Sutterella spp., and Akkermansia muciniphila in the CD-TDI group, whereas Collinsella intestinalis was more prevalent in the CM group. Conclusions The CD-TDI demonstrated a reduction in markers of inflammation and intestinal permeability in patients with mild-to-moderately active CD, along with alterations in the composition of bacterial taxa. These initial findings strongly indicate that CD-TDI holds promise for alleviating the inflammatory burden in CD patients and warrants further exploration as a valuable adjunctive therapy. Funding Agencies Crohn's Colitis Foundation of America; IMAGINE

Takayasu arteritis masquerading as recurrent abdominal pain

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare granulomatous inflammation of large arteries, specifically the aorta and its branches. It is more prevalent in young Asian women with the highest incidence in Japan. There is a delay in diagnosis due to nonspecific early symptoms and unfamiliarity with this disease. We present a case of a young female who presented with recurrent abdominal pain suggestive of mesenteric angina and constitutional symptoms over one-year. Her radial pulses were absent, and she had multiple bruits on examination over the right subclavian and carotid arteries and the epigastrium, along with high inflammatory markers. Her CT angiography of large vessels confirmed the diagnosis of TA and she was treated with high-dose steroids with good clinical remission confirmed by a reduction in inflammatory markers and improvement in symptoms.

Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Electromagnetic Field Stimulation in Traumatic Brain Injury in Yucatan Swine.

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide and represents a high economic burden for families and national health systems. After mechanical impact to the head, the first stage of the damage comprising edema, physical damage, and cell loss gives rise to a second phase characterized by glial activation, increased oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, and exacerbated neuroinflammatory state, among other molecular calamities. Inflammation strongly influences the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. Therefore, several components of the inflammatory cascade have been targeted in experimental therapies. Application of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) stimulation has been found to be effective in some inflammatory conditions. However, its effect in the neuronal recovery after TBI is not known. In this pilot study, Yucatan miniswine were subjected to TBI using controlled cortical impact approach. EMF stimulation via a helmet was applied immediately or two days after mechanical impact. Three weeks later, inflammatory markers were assessed in the brain tissues of injured and contralateral non-injured areas of control and EMF-treated animals by histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Our results revealed that EMF stimulation induced beneficial effect with the preservation of neuronal tissue morphology as well as the reduction of inflammatory markers at the transcriptional and translational levels. Immediate EMF application showed better resolution of inflammation. Although further studies are warranted, our findings contribute to the notion that EMF stimulation could be an effective therapeutic approach in TBI patients.

Acemannan coated, cobalt-doped biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for immunomodulation regulated bone regeneration.

Biomaterials are used as scaffolds in bone regeneration to facilitate the restoration of bone tissues. The local immune microenvironment affects bone repair but the role of immune response in biomaterial-facilitated osteogenesis has been largely overlooked and it presents a major knowledge gap in the field. Nanomaterials that can modulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization and, thus, promote bone repair are known. This study investigates a novel approach to accelerate bone healing by using acemannan coated, cobalt-doped biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles to promote osteogenesis and modulate macrophage polarization to provide a prohealing microenvironment for bone regeneration. Different concentrations of cobalt were doped in biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles, which were further coated with acemannan polymer and characterized. The nanoparticles showed >90% cell viability and enhanced cell proliferation along with osteogenic differentiation as demonstrated by the enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic calcium deposition. The morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells remained unchanged even after treatment with nanoparticles. Acemannan coated nanoparticles were also able to decrease the expression of M1 markers, iNOS, and CD68 and enhance the expression of M2 markers, CD206, CD163, and Arg-1 as indicated by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and ICC studies. The findings show that acemannan coated nanoparticles can create a supportive immune milieu by inducing and promoting the release of osteogenic markers, and by causing a reduction in inflammatory markers, thus helping in efficient bone regeneration. As per our knowledge, this is the first study showing the combined effect of acemannan and cobalt for bone regeneration using immunomodulation. The work presents a novel approach for enhancing osteogenesis and macrophage polarization, thus, offering a potent strategy for effective bone regeneration.

Treating Periprosthetic Joint Infection With Silver-Impregnated Carbon-Coated Spacers: Mid-Term Outcomes

Background. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication of arthroplasty. The widely accepted treatment standard for PJI is a two-stage revision arthroplasty involving the articulating spacers. The implant surface provides an ideal environment for bacterial adhesion, facilitating mature biofilm formation. To prevent bacterial adhesion effectively, the surface of the implanted device must be modified with an efficient coating. The ability of a modified coating based on two-dimensional linear carbon chains (2D LCC) with silver (Ag) impregnation to inhibit biofilm formation and provide efficient bacterial eradication has been investigated in several experimental studies. However, there is a lack of publications on clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of such coatings.&#x0D; The aim of the study — to assess mid-term outcomes of knee and hip PJI treatment using spacers coated with two-dimensional linear carbon chains impregnated with silver.&#x0D; Methods. This study is based on the results of the examination and two-stage revision arthroplasty of 144 patients with newly diagnosed knee and hip PJI. Patients were divided into two groups: the first (main) group received articulating spacers coated with 2D LCC+Ag, while the second (control) group received articulating spacers with antibiotics. Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and statistical methods were used in this study. The evaluation of short-term results was performed using the KSS, Harris, VAS, and EQ-5D-5L scales at 3 months after surgery, and mid-term results were assessed at 2 years.&#x0D; Results. The study confirmed the high antibiofilm activity and safety of spacers coated with 2D LCC+Ag. Both groups showed a reduction in inflammation markers during treatment. Before the second stage of treatment, both groups experienced a statistically significant decrease in CRP, procalcitonin, and presepsin levels, as well as synovial cytosis and neutrophil content. The frequency of recurrences after two-stage treatment was significantly lower in the first group compared to the second group. In the mid-term period, the first group had higher scores on the KSS and Harris scales by 20.5 and 7.0 points, respectively. Results on the EQ-5D-5L were 10/0.08 points higher, and the intensity of pain according to VAS was three times lower in the first group.&#x0D; Conclusion. The use of spacers coated with 2D LCC+Ag allows for a faster resolution of the inflammatory process, reduces the incidence of PJI recurrences, and predicts active protection of the implant surface from microbial colonization and biofilm formation. This, combined with antibiotic prophylaxis, provides a favorable therapeutic and preventive effect against PJI recurrence.

Assessing Mailuoning injection in wound healing and thrombophlebitis management: A rat model study.

Thrombophlebitis is the inflammatory condition characterized by obstruction of one or more vessels, commonly in the legs, due to the formation of blood clots. It has been reported that traditional Chinese medicine, including Mailuoning injection, is advantageous for treating inflammatory and blood disorders. This research assessed the therapeutic efficacy of Mailuoning injection in the treatment of thrombophlebitis in rodents, as well as investigated its impact on fibrinolysis, inflammation, and coagulation. An experimental setup for thrombophlebitis was established in rodents via modified ligation technique. Five groups comprised the animals: sham operation group, model group, and three Mailuoning treatment groups (low, medium, and high dosages). The pain response, edema, coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, TT, FIB), serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP), and expression levels of endothelial markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, NF-κB) were evaluated. Blood flow and vascular function were further assessed by measuring hemorheological parameters and the concentrations of TXB2, ET, and 6-k-PGF1α. In contrast to the sham group, model group demonstrated statistically significant increases in endothelial expression levels, coagulation latencies, and inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). The administration of mailing, specifically at high and medium dosages, resulted in a substantial reduction in inflammatory markers, enhancement of coagulation parameters, suppression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and restoration of hemorheological measurements to baseline (p < 0.05). Significantly higher concentrations of 6-k-PGF1α and lower levels of TXB2 and ET were observed in high-dose group, suggesting that pro- and anti-thrombotic factors were restored to equilibrium. Utilization of Mailuoning injection in rat model of thrombophlebitis exhibited significant therapeutic impact. This effect was manifested through pain alleviation, diminished inflammation, enhanced blood viscosity and facilitation of fibrinolysis. The study indicated that Mailuoning injection may serve as a viable therapeutic option for thrombophlebitis, potentially aiding in the improvement of wound healing by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and blood flow-enhancing characteristics.

Skin benefits of postbiotics derived from Micrococcus luteus derived from human skin: an untapped potential for dermatological health.

The skin microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in maintaining skin health. Among these microorganisms, the gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus exhibits potential for promoting skin health. This study focuses on postbiotics derived from M. luteus YM-4, a strain isolated from human skin. Our objective is to explore the beneficial effects of YM-4 culture filtrate on dermatological health, including enhancing barrier function, modulating immune response, and aiding recovery from environmental damage. The effects of the YM-4 culture filtrate were tested on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts under various conditions using real-time PCR for gene expression analysis and fibroblast migration assays. A dehydration-simulated model was employed to prepare RNA-Seq samples from HaCaT cells treated with the YM-4 culture filtrate. Differentially expressed genes were identified and functionally classified through k-means clustering, gene ontology terms enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interactions mapping. The YM-4 culture filtrate enhanced the expression of genes involved in skin hydration, hyaluronic acid synthesis, barrier function, and cell proliferation. It also reduced inflammation markers in keratinocytes and fibroblasts under stress conditions. It mitigated UVB-induced collagen degradation while promoted collagen synthesis, suggesting anti-aging properties, and accelerated wound healing processes by promoting cell proliferation and migration. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the YM-4 culture filtrate could reverse dehydration-induced transcriptional changes towards a state similar to untreated cells. M. luteus YM-4 culture filtrate exhibits significant therapeutic potential for dermatological applications.