Reduced Fasting Glucose Research Articles

Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease, affects approximately 422million people and leads to 1.5million deaths every year, It is found that 45% of individuals with diabetes eventually develop cognitive impairment. Here we study effects of Vitamin K2 on diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) and its underlying mechanism. Diabetes was induced in adult Swiss albino mice with high-fat diet and a low dose (35mg/kg) of streptozotocin and measured by fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. After one week of development of diabetes, one group of animals received Vitamin K2 (100µg/kg) via oral gavage for 21 days. Then different behavioural studies, including the elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, passive avoidance test and novel object recognition test were performed followed by biochemical tests including AchE, different oxidative stress parameters (SOD, GSH, MDA, catalase, SIRT1, NRF2), inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL1β, MCP1, NFκB), apoptosis marker (Caspase 3). Hippocampal neuronal density was measured using histopathology. Vitamin K2 treatment in diabetic animals led to reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c, It could partially reverse DACD as shown by behavioural studies. Vitamin K2 adminstration reduced corticohippocampal AchE level and neuroinflammation (TNFα, IL1β, MCP1, NFκB, SIRT1). It reduced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, catalase), transcription factor NRF2 while reducing caspase 3. This eventually increased CA1 and CA3 neuronal density in diabetic animals. Vitamin K2 partially reverses DACD by increasing ACh while reducing the oxidative stress via Nrf2/ARE pathway and neuroinflammation, thus protecting the hippocampal neurons from diabetes associated damage.

Soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts are predictors of insulin sensitivity and affected by weight loss

BackgroundMice experiments have underscored the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) through the use of soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) in mitigating obesity-linked metabolic disruptions and insulin resistance. However, human studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the correlation between circulating sRAGE levels and insulin resistance, as well as glucose tolerance. Here, we aimed to delve deeper into the relationship between sRAGE levels and systemic insulin sensitivity.MethodsPlasma sRAGE levels, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and continuous glucose monitoring were measured in two independent cross-sectional case-control studies [cohort 1 (n = 180) and cohort 2 (n = 124)]. In addition, a subgroup of 42 participants with obesity were followed for 12 months. In 14 of these participants, weight loss was achieved through bariatric surgery intervention.ResultsOur results revealed a significant association between plasma sRAGE levels and both insulin sensitivity and glycemic control parameters, even after adjustments for age, sex, and BMI. Furthermore, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that interventions aimed at weight loss led to reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, concurrently with increases in sRAGE levels.ConclusionsThese findings underscore that sRAGE levels were strongly associated with insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, suggesting a possible role of sRAGE in preserving insulin sensitivity and maintaining glycemic control, which should be confirmed in further studies.

A randomized feasibility trial of time-restricted eating during pregnancy in people with increased risk of gestational diabetes

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a nutritional intervention that confines the daily time-window for energy intake. TRE reduces fasting glucose concentrations in non-pregnant individuals, but whether this eating protocol is feasible and effective for glycemic control in pregnancy is unknown. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the adherence to and effect of a 5-week TRE intervention (maximum 10 h daily eating window) among pregnant individuals at risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compared with a usual-care control group. Participants underwent 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests and estimation of body composition, before and after the intervention. Interstitial glucose levels were continuously measured, and adherence rates and ratings of hunger were recorded daily. Thirty of 32 participants completed the trial. Participants allocated to TRE reduced their daily eating window from 12.3 (SD 1.3) to 9.9 (SD 1.0) h, but TRE did not affect glycemic measures, blood pressure, or body composition, compared with the control group. TRE increased hunger levels in the evening, but not in the morning, and induced only small changes in dietary intake. Adhering to a 5-week TRE intervention was feasible for pregnant individuals with increased risk of GDM but had no effect on cardiometabolic outcomes.

Metabolomic Fingerprints of Medical Therapy Versus Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: The STAMPEDE Trial.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are effective procedures to treat and manage type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying metabolic adaptations that mediate improvements in glucose homeostasis remain largely elusive. The purpose of this study was to identify metabolic signatures associated with biochemical resolution of T2D after medical therapy (MT) or bariatric surgery. Plasma samples from 90 patients (age 49.9 ± 7.6 years; 57.7% female) randomly assigned to MT (n = 30), RYGB (n = 30), or SG (n = 30) were retrospectively subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry at baseline and 24 months of treatment. Phenotypic importance was determined by supervised machine learning. Associations between change in glucose homeostasis and circulating metabolites were assessed using a linear mixed effects model. The circulating metabolome was dramatically remodeled after SG and RYGB, with largely overlapping signatures after MT. Compared with MT, SG and RYGB profoundly enhanced the concentration of metabolites associated with lipid and amino acid signaling, while limiting xenobiotic metabolites, a function of decreased medication use. Random forest analysis revealed 2-hydroxydecanoate as having selective importance to RYGB and as the most distinguishing feature between MT, SG, and RYGB. To this end, change in 2-hydroxydecanoate correlated with reductions in fasting glucose after RYGB but not SG or MT. We identified a novel metabolomic fingerprint characterizing the longer-term adaptations to MT, RYGB, and SG. Notably, the metabolomic profiles of RYGB and SG procedures were distinct, indicating equivalent weight loss may be achieved by divergent effects on metabolism.

A Glycemic Threshold Above Which the Improvement of β-Cell Function and Glycemia in Response to Insulin Therapy Is Amplified in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Reversal of Glucotoxicity.

Alleviation of unrecognized glucotoxicity, with resultant recovery of β-cell function, could amplify the glucose-lowering effect of pharmacotherapy and contribute to the variable therapeutic response observed among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, clinical evidence supporting this concept is lacking. Short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can ameliorate glucotoxicity and improve β-cell function in early T2D. Thus, for evidence of recovery of glucotoxicity-associated β-cell dysfunction, we sought to determine whether there exists a baseline fasting glucose threshold above which the post-IIT improvement in both β-cell function and glycemia is amplified. IIT (glargine, lispro) was administered for 3 weeks to 108 adults with T2D (mean duration 1.8 ± 1.4 years). Oral glucose tolerance tests before and after IIT enabled assessment of β-cell function by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 and insulinogenic index/HOMA-insulin resistance. For each level of baseline fasting glycemia from 6.0 to 10.5 mmol/L, we modeled the difference in IIT-induced percentage change in β-cell function between those at/above the indicated glucose level and those below it. The relationship between baseline fasting glucose and the differential change in β-cell function was nonlinear. Instead, this relationship was best fit by a cubic regression model with inflection (amplification) at fasting glucose at 9.3 mmol/L. Moreover, baseline fasting glucose at 9.3 mmol/L also identified the inflection point at which nonlinear reductions in fasting glucose and 2-h glucose, respectively, were both amplified. The respective improvements in β-cell function and glycemia in response to short-term IIT are amplified in those in whom baseline fasting glucose exceeds a defined threshold, consistent with reversal of glucotoxicity.

Royal Jelly Exerts a Potent Anti-Obesity Effect in Rats by Activating Lipolysis and Suppressing Adipogenesis.

Background/Objective: This study examined the anti-obesity effect of royal jelly (RJ) in rats fed with a high-fat diet by targeting the major pathways involved in adipogenesis and lipolysis. In addition, it examined whether this effect is AMPK-dependent. Methods: Five groups of adult male albino rats were used (n = 6 each as 1); the control rats were fed with a normal diet (2.9 kcal), and the other groups were as follows: control + RJ (300 mg/kg), HFD (4.75 kcal), HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg), and HFD + RJ (300 mg/kg) + dorsomorphin (an AMPK inhibitor) (0.2 mg/kg). Results: RJ was administered orally to all rats. With no changes in food and energy intake, RJ significantly reduced gains in body weight, fat weight, body mass index (BMI), the Lee index, abdominal circumference (AC), and the adiposity index (AI). It also reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and the circulatory levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c in the HFD-fed rats. RJ also increased serum glycerol levels and adiponectin levels, but reduced the serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, RJ reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α from isolated WAT. At the tissue level, the HFD + RJ rats exhibited a smaller adipocyte size compared to the HFD rats. At the molecular level, RJ increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, SREBP1, and ACC-1 and increased the mRNA and protein levels of HSL and ATG in the WAT of the HFD rats. In concomitance, RJ increased the mRNA levels of PGC-α1, reduced the protein levels of PPARγ, and repressed the transcriptional activities of PPARγ, SREBP1, and C/EBPαβ in the WAT of these rats. All the aforementioned effects of RJ were prevented by co-treatment with dorsomorphin. Conclusions: RJ exerts a potent anti-obesity effect in rats that is mediated by the AMPk-dependent suppression of WAT adipogenesis and the stimulation of lipolysis.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathology in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) involved in increased rates of cardiometabolic disease such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Low serum vitamin D is often associated with insulin resistance but there is no consensus on whether vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate markers of IR in PCOS. We assessed evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation (≥ 1000 IU/day), without the use of additional supplements or other pharmacological treatments known to affect IR, on markers of IR and glycemic control in women with PCOS. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline and Web of Science databases from January 2000 up to November 2023. Randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were included. 9 studies were identified. Study populations ranged from 28 to 180 participants, with mean ages ranging from 22 to 30 years. Daily vitamin D doses ranged from 1714-12,000 IU. Of the included studies, 3 reported statistically significant reductions in fasting glucose, 2 reported reductions in fasting insulin, 2 reported reductions in HOMA-IR, none reported reductions in HbA1c and 5 reported no differences in any of the relevant outcomes. In conclusion, in RCTs of vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS, the majority of studies do not report statistically significant improvements in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c or HOMA-IR. However, as a minority of studies report some statistically significant results, further investigation may be warranted. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023486144.

Ketogenic diet but not free-sugar restriction alters glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, peripheral tissue phenotype, and gut microbiome: RCT

Restricted sugar and ketogenic diets can alter energy balance/metabolism, but decreased energy intake may be compensated by reduced expenditure. In healthy adults, randomization to restricting free sugars or overall carbohydrates (ketogenic diet) for 12weeks reduces fat mass without changing energy expenditure versus control. Free-sugar restriction minimally affects metabolism or gut microbiome but decreases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In contrast, a ketogenic diet decreases glucose tolerance, increases skeletal muscle PDK4, and reduces AMPK and GLUT4 levels. By week 4, the ketogenic diet reduces fasting glucose and increases apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, and postprandial glycerol concentrations. However, despite sustained ketosis, these effects are no longer apparent by week 12, when gut microbial beta diversity is altered, possibly reflective of longer-term adjustments to the ketogenic diet and/or energy balance. These data demonstrate that restricting free sugars or overall carbohydrates reduces energy intake without altering physical activity, but with divergent effects on glucose tolerance, lipoprotein profiles, and gut microbiome.

Apple Cider Vinegar in the Combat Against Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity – An Overview of Recent Research

ABSTRACT Introduction Apple Cider Vinegar, primarily composed of acetic acid, is gaining more recognition for its possible health advantages, especially its anti-diabetic effects and its beneficial impact on weight loss. Aim of this study The aim of this review is to discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of ACV on glycemic indices and weight management in diabetic and obese patients, explore the possibilities of preventing comorbidities, and assess the safety of ACV consumption. Materials and Methods Research was performed based on Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. The literature was reviewed using the keywords : Apple Cider Vinegar, Diabetes, Glucose, Obesity. Results Studies have confirmed that apple cider vinegar exhibits significant anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. It demonstrates dose- and time-dependent effects on reducing fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid parameters. It positively impacts weight loss, reducing waist and hip circumference, and enhances tissue sensitivity to insulin. Additionally, apple cider vinegar has been shown to potentiate the effects of metformin, with liquid consumption yielding better results than pill form. Conclusions Although initial findings are encouraging, additional research with a larger participant pool and an extended duration of vinegar consumption is necessary. The brevity of the study period restricts the observation of long-term effects, and a larger sample size would improve the applicability of the findings. Key words: apple cider vinegar; diabetes; glucose; obesity

Photoperiod-Dependent Effects on Blood Biochemical Markers of Phenolic-Enriched Fruit Extracts.

Fruits are rich in bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, and their intake is associated with health benefits, although recent animal studies have suggested that the photoperiod of consumption influences their properties. Fruit loss and waste are critical issues that can be reduced by obtaining functional fruit extracts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain phenolic-enriched extracts from eight seasonal fruits that can modulate blood biochemical parameters and to investigate whether their effects depend on the photoperiod of consumption. Eight ethanol-based extracts were obtained and characterized, and their effects were studied in F344 rats exposed to short (6 h light, L6) and long (18 h light) photoperiods. Cherry and apricot extracts decreased blood triacylglyceride levels only when consumed under the L6 photoperiod. Pomegranate, grape, and orange extracts reduced cholesterol and fasting glucose levels during the L6 photoperiod; however, plum extract reduced fasting glucose levels only during the L18 photoperiod. The results showed the importance of photoperiod consumption in the effectiveness of phenolic-enriched fruit extracts and promising evidence regarding the use of some of the developed fruit extracts as potential functional ingredients for the management of several blood biomarkers.

Effects of Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide on β-cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glucose Control During a Meal Test.

In a clinical study, tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GIP/GLP-1RA), provided superior glycemic control vs the GLP-1RA semaglutide. The physiologic mechanisms are incompletely understood. To evaluate treatment effects by model-based analyses of mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) data. A 28-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Two clinical research centers in Germany. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. Tirzepatide 15 mg, semaglutide 1 mg, placebo. Glycemic control, model-derived β-cell function indices including insulin secretion rate (ISR) at 7.2-mmol/L glucose (ISR7.2), β-cell glucose (β-CG) sensitivity, insulin sensitivity, and estimated hepatic insulin-to-glucagon ratio. Tirzepatide significantly reduced fasting glucose and MMTT total glucose area under the curve (AUC) vs semaglutide (P < 0.01). Incremental glucose AUC did not differ significantly between treatments; therefore, greater total glucose AUC reduction with tirzepatide was mainly attributable to greater suppression of fasting glucose. A greater reduction in total ISR AUC was achieved with tirzepatide vs semaglutide (P < 0.01), in the context of greater improvement in insulin sensitivity with tirzepatide (P < 0.01). ISR7.2 was significantly increased with tirzepatide vs semaglutide (P < 0.05), showing improved β-CG responsiveness. MMTT-derived β-CG sensitivity was increased but not significantly different between treatments. Both treatments reduced fasting glucagon and total glucagon AUC, with glucagon AUC significantly reduced with tirzepatide vs semaglutide (P < 0.01). The estimated hepatic insulin-to-glucagon ratio did not change substantially with either treatment. These results suggest that the greater glycemic control observed for tirzepatide manifests as improved fasting glucose and glucose excursion control, due to improvements in ISR, insulin sensitivity, and glucagon suppression.

Intermittent Fasting-Improved Glucose Homeostasis Is Not Entirely Dependent on Caloric Restriction in db/db Male Mice.

Intermittent fasting (IF), which involves prolonged fasting intervals accompanied by caloric restriction, is an effective dietary treatment for obesity and diabetes. Although IF offers many benefits, it is difficult to determine whether these benefits are the consequences of caloric restriction. Every-other-day feeding (EODF) is a commonly used IF research model. This study was designed to identify other effectors of EODF, in addition to caloric restriction, and the possible underlying mechanisms. Diabetic db/db mice were divided into three groups: ad libitum (AL), meal-feeding (MF) and EODF. The MF model was employed to attain a level of caloric restriction comparable to EODF, with food distribution evenly divided between 10 AM and 6 PM, thereby minimizing the fasting interval. EODF yielded greater improvements in glucose homeostasis than MF in db/db mice by reducing fasting glucose levels and enhancing glucose tolerance. However, these effects on glucose metabolism were less pronounced in lean mice. Furthermore, ubiquitination of the liverspecific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) facilitated its degradation, and downregulating Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9), which ultimately suppressed liver gluconeogenesis in diabetic EODF mice. Although GR and KLF9 might mediate the metabolic benefits of EODF, the potential benefits of EODF might be limited by elevated serum glucocorticoid (GC) levels in diabetic EODF mice. Overall, this study suggests that the metabolic benefits of EODF in improving glucose homeostasis are independent of caloric restriction, possibly due to the downstream effects of liver-specific GR degradation.

Modulation of the gut microbiota alleviates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice by daucosterol from Eleocharis dulcis peel

Daucosterol, a natural saponin from Eleocharis dulcis peel, exhibited anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study investigated daucosterol's effects on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. The results demonstrated that daucosterol treatment reduced fasting glucose, improved glucose intolerance and pancreatic islet damage. It decreased HOMA-IR and increased ISI, indicating enhanced insulin sensitivity. Daucosterol supplementation enriched gut microbiota diversity, including reducing Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota while increasing Bacteroidia. This involved an increase in Enterococcus, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Odoribacter, coupled with decreased Aerococcus, Desulfovibrio, and Blautia, improved gut health. Uncultured_bacterium_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum were identified as major biomarkers. PICRUSt analysis revealed daucosterol improved the pathways of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and some organismal systems. Therefore, daucosterol act as a potential anti-hyperglycemic agent, improving insulin resistance and optimizing gut microbiota to alleviate type 2 diabetes.

Investigating the association of previously identified genome-wide significant loci (rs10739076 and rs1784692) with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits in Indian women

Objective(s)Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinopathy with an enigmatic etiology. Hallmark features include irregular menstrual cycles, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia and affected women are prone to development of adverse reproductive and cardiometabolic outcomes like anovulatory infertility, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Genetic underpinnings of PCOS have been investigated extensively using genome-wide association studies, which have led to the identification of several novel susceptibility loci. However, as ethnic diversity contributes to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, we undertook the first genetic association study to determine the association of rs10739076 of PLGRKT and rs1784692 of ZBTB16 with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits in Indian women. Study DesignThe present case-control study comprised 497 women with PCOS diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and 233 age matched healthy women as controls. All participants were characterized in terms of anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters and the variants were investigated by direct sequencing. Genotypic and genotype-phenotype association of these variants with PCOS susceptibility and its related biochemical and hormonal traits was analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. ResultsThe genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs1784692 of ZBTB16 were significantly decreased in lean women with PCOS only, and this variant was associated with lowered insulin levels, HOMA-IR, LH:FSH ratio along with increased ApoA1 levels and QUICKI in them. Although, the PLGRKT variant, rs10739076, showed similar frequency distribution in both lean and obese groups, it was found to be associated with reduced fasting glucose in all women with PCOS. Conclusion(s)To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ZBTB16 variant showed significant association with reduced PCOS susceptibility in lean rather than obese Indian women, highlighting the impact of obesity on determining genetic predisposition to PCOS in Indian women. In contrast, PLGRKT variant did not influence PCOS risk in lean or obese women. Importantly, both variants exerted a protective effect on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, gonadotropin and lipid levels in women with PCOS. Determination of susceptibility variants for PCOS demand population specific replication studies to ascertain best candidate loci for PCOS.

EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. TEA INTAKE ON ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN HEALTHY WISTAR RATS

Introduction: Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. have therapeutic potential characteristics, rich in phytochemicals with anti-inflamatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Objective: The study aims to evaluate daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in a concentration usually consumed by population, on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity in healthy female adult Wistar rats. Methodology: The animals were divide in Control Group (CG), which received filtered water and commercial diet; and Hibiscus Group (HG), which received 15 mL/day of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. flower tea (prepared 1g of flower/100mL of water), commercial diet and filtered water. The infusion of hibiscus flower for tea preparation was performed daily (ratio of 1.0g of dried flower to 100 mL of filtered boiled water), infused for 10 minutes, strained, and daily offered to animals (15 mL/day/animal) during 84 days. After 84 days of experimental protocol, animals were euthanized and evaluated serum biochemical parameters such urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, total proteins, albumin, lipid profile and fasting glycemia. Analysis of antioxidant components was perfomed on hibiscus tea and serum antioxidant activity data were also analyzed by 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant activity by iron reduction (FRAP) methods. Results: Hibiscus tea has a high antioxidant potential, and reduce fasting glucose (p &lt; 0.05), but in concentration offered this antioxidant capacity was not observed at serum level, without changes on body mass, water intake, food consumption, lipid profile, liver and kidney biomarkers. Conclusion: Hibiscus tea daily consumption, showed higher antioxidant potential and reduce fasting blood glucose, without toxic effects.

Exploring the impact of environmental exposure changes on metabolic biomarkers: A 6-month GPS-GIS study among women with overweight or obesity

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of environmental exposure change on metabolic biomarkers associated with cancer risk. Furthermore, this limited epidemiological evidence on metabolic biomarkers focused on residential exposure, without considering the activity space which can be done by modelling dynamic exposures. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to investigate the impact of environmental exposures change on metabolic biomarkers using GPS-GIS based measurements. MethodsAmong two weight loss interventions, the Reach for Health and the MENU studies, which included ∼460 women at risk of breast cancer or breast cancer survivors residing in Southern California, three metabolic biomarkers (insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and C-reactive protein) were assessed. Dynamic GPS-GIS based exposure to green spaces, recreation, walkability, NO2, and PM2.5 were calculated at baseline and 6 months follow-up using time-weighted spatial averaging. Generalized estimating equations models were used to examine the relationship between changes in environmental exposures and biomarker levels over time. ResultsOverall, six-month environmental exposure change was not associated with metabolic biomarkers change. Stratified analyses by level of environmental exposures at baseline revealed that reduced NO2 and PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced fasting glucose concentration among women living in a healthier environment at baseline (β −0.010, 95%CI -0.025, 0.005; β −0.019, 95%CI -0.034, −0.003, respectively). Women living in poor environmental conditions at baseline and exposed to greener environments had decreased C-reactive protein concentrations (β −1.001, 95%CI -1.888, −0.131). ConclusionsThe impact of environmental exposure changes on metabolic biomarkers over time may be modified by baseline exposure conditions.

Soursop Leaf Nanoparticles On Blood Glucose Levels And Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) Values In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Chronic hyperglycemia will cause legs and blood circulation disorders. Treatment with insulin is still quite expensive and with some side effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs. This experience made the management of DM switch to herbal treatment, namely soursop leaves (Annona muricata). The study used a pre and post test control group design with random allocation. Quasy experimental study with a two group pre tpost-testest – post tepost-testst design at 36type-2 DM patients in the Pekalongan City area. Blood glucose levels in the treatment group were measured before and after administration of soursop leaf nanoparticles500 ml/20 gBB 3 times a day for 6 days and 500 mg metformin. Giving soursop leaf nanoparticles at a dose of 500 ml/20 grBW 3 times a day for 6 days is effective on fasting blood glucose levels clinically with a change in value of 65 mg/dL, and has a statistically significant effect on reducing fasting glucose levels (p=0.035).

A comparison of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril on glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients. Study Design: Prospective Observational. Setting: Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Period: December 2022 to May 2023. Material &amp; Methods: Approach was employed to investigate the metabolic impact of these antihypertensive medications. Involving a cohort of 660 hypertensive individuals. Data collection spanned over 12-week duration, with fasting glucose and lipid profiles assessed at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Participants were categorized into hydrochlorothiazide and captopril groups, receiving standardized dosages of 25 mg/day and 50 mg/day, respectively. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose and lipid parameters. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and subgroup comparisons. Results: Both groups exhibited reductions in fasting glucose and lipid levels; however, these changes were not statistically significant within the 12-week timeframe. Comparison with national and international studies underscores population-specific variations in antihypertensive effects on metabolism. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the metabolic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril among hypertensive patients. While immediate changes were not significant, the study contributes to the body of knowledge and calls for further research with extended follow-up and broader participant cohorts.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of an Anti-Diabetic Polyherbal Formulation

Background: There are several clinical studies examining the health advantages of several single medicinal herbs utilized in traditional blood glucose-lowering treatments. But very few or no studies on herbal formulations were made as Polyherbal for the same goal. As a result, it is now necessary to confirm that patients with hyperglycemia can benefit from such Polyherbal medicines as Dolabi. Methods: This prospective open-label, herbal coded test drug-controlled, randomized trial was conducted at the Munshiganj and Dhaka area in Bangladesh. We enrolled 108 male and 104 female patients of 30-70 years with primary and moderate hyperglycemia. They were recruited from the OPD of an Unani &amp; Ayurvedic hospital in Munshiganj and different Unani clinics in Dhaka, Bangladesh after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomly assigned to receive metformin hydrochloride 500 mg two times daily and 2 tablets of Dolabi two times daily by using a random numbers table with the help of an assistant. Blood samples, height, weight, blood pressure, and personal data were recorded—laboratory results were obtained at the study baseline, after 1.5 months and after 3 months of intervention. Results: In the case of the test drug, results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level between the baseline and after 3 months, in males, it was from 9.83±1.17 to 7.72±1.06 mg/dL for fasting glucose, from 16.60±2.35 to 8.23±1.17 mg/dL for 2 hours PP glucose, from 9.33±1.17 to 7.45±2.03 percent for HbA1c and for Insulin it reduces from 183.10±27.59 to 168.10±29.59 pmol/ L. The control drug metformin hydrochloride also showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level between baseline and after 3 months, in the case of males it was from 9.99±2.52 to 6.97±1.76 mg/dL for fasting glucose, from 17.43±5.05 to 7.89±2.42 mg/dL for 2 hours PP glucose, from 10.43±2.36 to 6.87±1.18 percent for HbA1c and for Insulin it reduces from 198.75±30.61 to 183.75±30.61p mol/L. In the case of females the test drug showed a significant reduction in fasting glucose, 2 hours PP glucose, HbA1c and Insulin between the baseline and after 3 months, it was from 10.02±1.11 to 7.78±0.93 mg/dL, from 16.88±2.21 to 8.16±1.11 mg/dL, from 9.84±1.04 to 7.45±1.03 percent and from 199.47±30.90 to 173.47±30.90 mg/dL respectively. In the case of females, the control drug showed a significant reduction in fasting glucose, 2 hours PP glucose, HbA1c and Insulin between baseline and after 3 months, it was from 10.18±1.92 to 6.71±1.59 mg/dL, from 18.70±3.88 to 7.60±3.74 mg/dL, from 10.58±1.08 to 6.98±1.08 percent and from 200.00±31.83 to 188.00±31.83 mg/dL respectively. Conclusions: We can infer the following from the present study’s findings: The polyherbal formulation Dolabi is able to reduce the blood glucose level. It can be an effective drug for primary hyperglycemic patients.

Effects of time-restricted eating with different eating windows on human metabolic health: pooled analysis of existing cohorts

BackgroundTime-restricted eating (TRE), a feasible form of intermittent fasting, has been proven to benefit metabolic health in animal models and humans. To our knowledge, specific guidance on the appropriate period for eating during TRE has not yet been promoted. Therefore, to compare and assess the relative effectiveness estimates and rankings of TRE with different eating windows on human metabolic health, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared different eating windows on human metabolic health for adults. A Bayesian NMA was used to compare direct and indirect effects to determine the best different eating windows, and scientific evidence using GRADE.ResultsTwenty-seven RCTs comparing TRE with different eating windows on human metabolic health were reviewed, and all were included in the NMA. Compared with the normal diet group (non-TRE), the TRE group has certain benefits in reducing weight and fasting insulin. In terms of reducing fasting insulin, the 18:6 group (eating time = 6 h) was better than the 14:10 group (eating time = 10 h) and 16:8 group (eating time = 8 h) (P < 0.05); The < 6 group (eating time < 6 h) was better than the 14:10 group (P < 0.05). In terms of reducing fasting glucose, the < 6 group was better than the 14:10 group (P < 0.05). There were no statistical variations in weight, HDL, TG, and LDL across the different modes of TRE (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOur research showed that no particular metabolic advantages of various eating windows were found. Therefore, our results suggested that different eating windows could promote similar benefits for metabolic parameters.