Delinquency Reduction Research Articles

Smart Natural Disaster Relief: Assisting Victims with Artificial Intelligence in Lending

Natural disasters can have devastating economic and financial consequences for those affected. This research note explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in disaster relief through lending services. By collaborating with a credit-scoring company, we investigate how AI-empowered lenders can effectively reduce delinquency rates for borrowers in the aftermath of disasters. Our findings reveal that borrowers applying to lenders that utilize AI in their loan assessment process experience improved outcomes in terms of delinquency reduction, particularly for borrowers with lower credit scores. This research underscores the positive impact of AI in the lending context, benefiting both lenders and borrowers. Furthermore, we highlight that AI indirectly supports disaster relief efforts through financing, providing a compelling use case for AI fairness in lending. Our findings have significant implications for leveraging AI as a valuable tool in mitigating the financial impact of disasters and promoting fairness in lending practices.

Relación de la gestión crediticia eficiente en la reducción efectiva de la morosidad en instituciones social - financieras

The problem under investigation has been identified in the delinquency of the partners of the social-financial Institutions, the same one that requires a solution that allows directing these entities towards institutional development. This problem is expressed in the following question: How is efficient credit management related to the effective reduction of delinquency in social-financial institutions? Faced with the problem, the solution is proposed through the formulation of the hypothesis: Efficient credit management is related to a reasonable degree with the effective reduction of delinquency in social-financial Institutions. Likewise, this work has been oriented to the following objective: Determine the relationship of efficient credit management with the reduction of delinquency in social-financial Institutions. It is concluded that efficient credit management is reasonably related to the effective reduction of delinquency in social-financial institutions.

Parenting practices and adolescent delinquency: COVID-19 impact in the United States

Many past studies found parental monitoring and involvement were associated with reductions in delinquency and substance use among adolescents. However, we do not yet fully understand how the COVID-19 crisis affected parenting practices, nor the corresponding effects for juvenile delinquency and substance use. The study incorporated a repeated cross-sectional design with data drawn from two samples of Pennsylvania parents with teenage children. The first sample completed a web survey about parental monitoring in late 2019. The second completed a similar web survey with additional questions about COVID-19 in February 2021. The results indicated little association between COVID-related financial hardship and parental depression, nor between COVID-related financial hardship and parenting practices. While parents reported high levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic, these appeared largely unrelated to parenting practices. There were few changes in parenting practices, on average, from before to during the pandemic. Most parents reported that their child’s behavior had not worsened during the pandemic.

The Effects of School Police Officers on Victimization, Delinquency, and Fear of Crime: Focusing on Korean Youth.

As a response to rising concerns about school violence, the Korean National Police Agency began recruiting specialized police officers, called Korean School Police Officers (KSPOs), in hopes that they would reduce in school behavioral and delinquency problems. The current study provides insight into the effects of crime prevention activities in Korean schools, using the 2014 Korean Youth Victimization Survey to advance the knowledge about the role of the KSPOs and their potential impact on delinquency reduction. Results indicate that the presence of KSPOs did not have any significant association with criminal victimization or fear of victimization. In some cases, the presence of KSPOs is associated with higher property crime by students. Implications of these findings for understanding KSPOs and their roles in preventing school crime and improving school environments are discussed. In addition, we discuss how lessons learned from the U.S. may influence future advancements in KSPO approaches and vice versa.

Peer Relations and Delinquency Among Girls in Foster Care Following a Skill-Building Preventive Intervention.

There is evidence that risk for delinquency is elevated among girls with foster care histories, and one correlate of delinquency is affiliating with peers who engage in delinquent behavior. Although intervention studies have shown positive effects of interventions that target delinquent peer affiliation on reductions in delinquency among adolescents with juvenile justice histories, the success of such interventions for younger girls in foster care, without prior involvement with juvenile justice, is unknown. We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial of the middle school version of the Keep Safe intervention in a sample of girls in foster care (n = 100). The intervention was delivered to girls and foster parents during the transition to middle school. Path analysis suggested a significant intervention effect on reduction in affiliation with delinquent peers at 12 months (B = -.21). No significant mediation effects were identified. The middle school Keep Safe intervention shows promise as a preventative intervention for reducing affiliation with delinquent peers, which importantly is associated with adolescent delinquent behavior. Implications for researchers and professionals who tailor and deliver evidence-based programs for girls in foster care are discussed.

Assessing the Factors Associated With the Detection of Juvenile Hacking Behaviors.

Research on delinquency reduction often highlights the importance of identifying and sanctioning antisocial and illegal activities so as to reduce the likelihood of future offending. The rise of digital technology complicates the process of detecting cybercrimes and technology enabled offenses, as individuals can use devices from anywhere to engage in various harmful activities that may appear benign to an observer. Despite the growth of cybercrime research, limited studies have examined the extent to which technology enabled offenses are detected, or the behavioral and attitudinal factors associated with being unobserved or caught for one’s actions. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by estimating a multinomial regression model for self-reported computer hacking behavior and the likelihood of those actions being detected in a large international sample of juveniles (N = 51,059). The findings demonstrate significant differences between youth who hack without detection compared to those who are caught. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of cybercrime and its relationship to traditional delinquency are explored in depth.

Loan Delinquency Projections for COVID-19

The authors forecast the effects of COVID-19 on loan-delinquency rates under three scenarios for unemployment and house-price movements. Absent policy interventions, the model predicts peak loan-delinquency rates of 2.8 percent in the favorable scenario, 8.1 percent in the severe scenario, and 3.9 percent in the baseline scenario. The greatest reductions in delinquency are achieved through home mortgage forbearance and student loan forbearance, with fiscal transfers playing a smaller role.

Who is the Key Player? A Network Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency

This article presents a methodology for empirically identifying the key player, whose removal from the network leads to the optimal change in aggregate activity level in equilibrium [Ballester, C., Calvó-Armengol, A., and Zenou, Y. (2006), “Who’s Who in Networks. Wanted: The Key Player,” Econometrica, 74: 1403–1417], allowing the network links to rewire after the removal of the key player. First, we propose an IV-based estimation strategy for the social-interaction effect, which is needed to determine the equilibrium activity level of a network, taking into account the potential network endogeneity. Next, to simulate the network evolution process after the removal of the key player, we adopt the general network formation model in Mele [(2017), “A Structural Model of Dense Network Formation,” Econometrica, 85: 825–850] and extend it to incorporate the unobserved individual heterogeneity in link formation decisions. We illustrate the methodology by providing the key player rankings in juvenile delinquency using information on friendship networks among U.S. teenagers. We find that the key player is not necessarily the most active delinquent or the delinquent who ranks the highest in standard (not microfounded) centrality measures. We also find that, compared to a policy that removes the most active delinquent from the network, a key-player-targeted policy leads to a much higher delinquency reduction.

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTING MODEL TOWARD JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND ITS PREVENTION IN WEST SUMATERA

This research was conducted with legal research methods that can be revealed how the law was perceived and implemented by the community through research Juridical Sociological including reviewing legal issue s as an integral part of the community or research approach which emphasizes the legal aspects with regard to the subject to be discussed, is associated with the fact in the field. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence and the role of parents in caring and educating children through parenting models that cause juvenile delinquency, as well as the effortsthe parents' role in the juvenile delinquency reduction. Object of this study includes elementary school students and junior high school students as well as High School of state or private school at four Regency or City in West Sumatra. The Results of research shows that the influence of parents' parenting models to juvenile delinquency is very influential. The role of parents is very necessary in the prevention of juvenile delinquency by changing the model of parenting applied.

Parenting and the association between maternal criminal justice involvement and adolescent delinquency

The high rate of adult criminal justice involvement in the United States has resulted in many unintended consequences for families of offenders. Families involved with the criminal justice system are disproportionately involved with the child welfare system, and adolescents involved in both systems (i.e., dual system involvement) exhibit higher levels of delinquency. Yet, a lack of research exists on dual system involvement and the effects on youth. The current study leveraged nationally representative and longitudinal data of families involved in the child welfare system to examine whether maternal criminal justice involvement predicted increases in youth delinquency. An ecological model tested the effects of maternal justice involvement beyond cumulative risks as well as the potential buffer of parental monitoring and non-violent discipline on system involvement. Results suggested child welfare-involved youth exhibited similar levels of delinquency over time, regardless of maternal justice involvement. Although youth with maternal justice involvement reported more parental monitoring, the level of monitoring mattered more for youth without maternal justice involvement who exhibited decreased delinquency in the presence of high parental monitoring compared to low monitoring. The differential pattern of association between parental monitoring and youth delinquency for dual-system involved families suggests they are distinct and may carry implications for treatment response aimed at delinquency reduction through parent training. These findings underscore the importance of interagency coordination around policy and interventions to identify these high risk families at risk of slipping through the cracks of multiple service involvement.

Efficacy of multisystemic therapy in youths aged 10-17 with severe antisocial behaviour and emotional disorders: systematic review.

BackgroundAntisocial behaviour and conduct disorders are the most common behavioural and mental health problems in children and young people globally. An efficacious intervention is needed to manage these antisocial behaviours that have costly consequences. Multisystemic Therapy (MST), an intensive home-based intervention for youths with psychosocial and behavioural problems, is recommended under National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines for conduct disorder. However, reviews on the efficacy of MST are mixed.AimTo review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting efficacy of MST among youths presenting with antisocial behaviour and emotional disorder respectively.MethodA systematic map term to subject heading search was conducted in PsycINFO, Embase, and Ovid Medline databases for articles up to November 2015. RCTs comparing MST vs.treatment as usual (TAU) in youths presenting with antisocial behaviour and emotional disorder were included.Results12 RCTs (n = 1425) reported efficacy of MST vs. TAU in youths presenting with antisocial behaviour and emotional disorder. Clinically significant treatment effects of MST showed a reduction of antisocial behaviour which includes delinquency. MST, vs. psychiatric hospitalisation, was associated with a reduction of suicidal attempts in youths presenting with psychiatric emergencies. 4 studies showed that MST was less costly than TAU in the short term, with further analysis required for long-term cost-effectiveness.ConclusionMST is an efficacious intervention for severe antisocial behaviours in reduction of delinquency and should be included in clinical practices. MST was shown to have a positive effect on emotional disorder but further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of MST with emotional disorder. Further analysis is required to assess the services utilized for long-term cost effectiveness.

The longitudinal effects of influence of parental attachment and emotion regulation on Internet delinquency in early adolescence

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal influence of parental attachment and emotion regulation on changes in Internet delinquency. This study used the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) data, in which 2,844 school-age children were annually assessed from Grade 4 in 2004 to Grade 8 in 2008 in South Korea. Latent growth models were used to examine developmental trajectories of Internet delinquency, parental attachment, and emotion regulation longitudinally. This study showed that adolescents experience an increase in Internet delinquency over the fourth year and a decline in the fifth year. The initial level of parental monitoring had significant effects on the initial level of emotion regulation. In addition, the initial level of parental attachment was associated with a slower rate of acceleration of Internet delinquency across time. The study findings indicate that parental attachment influences Internet delinquency among Korean adolescents. The practice implications of the findings are discussed in terms of Internet delinquency reduction efforts.

Development and validation of the Delinquency Reduction Outcome Profile (DROP) in a sample of incarcerated juveniles: A multiconstruct/multisituational scoring approach.

The Delinquency Reduction Outcome Profile (DROP) is a novel situational-judgment test (SJT) designed to measure social decision making in delinquent youth. The DROP includes both a typical SJT scoring method, which captures the deviation of an individual response from an "ideal" expert-based response pattern, as well as a novel "Multiconstruct-Multisituational" (MCMS) factor-scoring method, enabling the assessment "in context" of latent dimensions reflecting stable decision-making tendencies. The authors present the development and validation of the DROP across 2 studies establishing its reliability and internal and concurrent validity using a sample of 1,922 young detainees and a sample of juveniles from the community. The authors also discuss the potential usefulness of the DROP as a prognostic tool to predict recidivism for delinquent youth and to monitor changes in intervention programs designed to improve social decision-making skills. Benefits of the MCMS scoring approach for SJT literature and psychological measurement are also discussed.

MOTHERHOOD AND CRIMINAL DESISTANCE IN DISADVANTAGED NEIGHBORHOODS*

Evidence from several qualitative studies has suggested that the transition to motherhood has strong inhibitory effects on the delinquency and drug use trajectories of poor women. Quantitative studies, however, typically have failed to find significant parenthood or motherhood effects. We argue that the latter research typically has not examined motherhood in disadvantaged settings or applied the appropriate statistical method. Focusing on within‐individual change, we test the motherhood hypothesis using data from a 10‐year longitudinal study of more than 500 women living in disadvantaged Denver communities. We find that the transition to motherhood is associated significantly with reductions in delinquency, marijuana, and alcohol behaviors. Moreover, we find that the effect of motherhood is larger than that of marriage for all outcomes. These results support the qualitative findings and suggest that the transition to motherhood—and not marriage—is the primary turning point for disadvantaged women to exit delinquent and drug‐using trajectories.

The Effects of Problem Solving Skills Training on the Reduction of Delinquency in Light Delinquent Adolescents

본 연구에서는 경미한 비행을 보이는 중학교 청소년들을 대상으로 그들의 비행을 감소시키는 것을 목표로 하는 문제해결기술훈련 프로그램을 시행하여, 그 효과를 검증하였고, 1개월 후 사후조사에서 비행의 감소 여부를 검증하였다. 통제집단으로는 심성훈련 프로그램을 실시한 집단이 비교되었다. 서울시 소재 중학교 선생님들로부터 경미한 비행 범주에 포함되는 부적응 행동으로 의뢰된 남녀 학생 총 58명(문제해결기술훈련 집단 31명, 심성 훈련 집단 27명)에게 한 회기에 120분 씩 5일 연속으로 총 5회기의 프로그램을 시행 한 결과, 문제해결기술 훈련 집단은 가설적 상황에서 가능한 한 많은 대안수를 생각해 내는 능력과 적절한 대안을 생각해 내는 능력에서 유의미한 향상을 보인 반면, 심성훈련 집단은 두 가지 항목 모두에서 유의미한 향상을 보이지 않았다. 1개월 후에 측정한 자기보고식 청소년 비행 척도에서는 문제해결기술훈련 집단의 비행 감소량이 유의미하게 더 많았고, 성별에서는 남학생 집단의 자기보고 비행 감소량(변화량)이 더 많았다. 교사의 문제행동 적발빈도에서는 집단 간이나 성별 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 집단 및 성별 간 상호작용 효과가 유의미하였다. 즉, 문제해결기술훈련 집단에서 교사가 평가한 문제행동 적발빈도의 감소량은 여학생 집단이 남학생 집단보다 더 많았고, 심성훈련 집단에서는 남학생 집단이 여학생 집단 보다 더 많았다. 교사의 문제행동 평가점수에서는 성별 차이가 통계적으로 유의해서 여학생 집단의 문제행동평가 점수의 감소량이 더 많았다. 프로그램 자체의 효과, 문제해결능력 향상과 비행 감소의 관계, 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다.

The Effects of Problem Solving Skills Training on the Reduction of Delinquency in Light Delinquent Adolescents

The Effects of Problem Solving Skills Training on the Reduction of Delinquency in Light Delinquent Adolescents

Prévention de la délinquance : le rôle médiateur des pairs

The objective of this study was to test whether friends' characteristics mediated the link between early reduction of disruptive behavior and later reduction of delinquency (through a prevention program). The prevention program includes two components : social-cognitive-skills training for boys and parent-skills training at home. It was applied over a two-year period when the subjects were 8- and 9-year-old. Subjects were low SES boys rated as disruptive by their kindergarten teachers. They were randomly assigned to a prevention or a control condition. Their friends ' aggressiveness was rated by classmates over a three-year period following the end of the prevention program. Subjects reported on their delinquent behaviors when they were 13- and 14-year-old. Results indicate that friends' aggressiveness partially mediated the impact of the program on preventing delinquency. However, compared to the control boys, other mediating variables might also have played a role.

Getting Tough on Juvenile Crime: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits

Recent decades have seen juvenile justice broaden its focus from the child and treatment to include offenses and accountability. This expansion, manifest in juvenile codes that support punishment and doctrines that include transfers to adult criminal court, has had significant caseload and fiscal impacts. However, a scarcity of pertinent research and of cost-benefit analyses leaves unclear whether this newer, get tough focus achieves greater delinquency reduction than previously attained. Combined with a quasi-experimental empirical simulation of the effects of punitive sanctions, a cost-benefit analysis of alternative dispositions in Dallas County, Texas, suggests that harsher sentencing can indeed prevent some offenses. The value of this gain, however, is much less than its cost to produce. As a result, by consuming public resources that might otherwise be invested in more productive purposes within or outside the justice system, the policy of toughness visits substantial opportunity costs on communities that embrace it.

SUBSTANCE USE AND THE TRAJECTORY OF DELINQUENCY AMONG YOUNG MALES

ABSTRACT Using data from three waves of the Buffalo Longitudinal Study of Young Men with a probability sample of 625 males aged 16-19, the impact of substance use on adolescent maturing out of delinquency was assessed. Specifically, the study focused on the effect of substance use on delinquency desistence and delinquency reduction. The findings indicate that the prevalence and the level of substance use significantly and negatively affect delinquency desistence and delinquency reduction, which implies that substance use significantly impairs adolescents ability to mature out of delinquency and merge into mainstream society.

Delinquency prevention in poor and at‐risk African‐American youth: A social work practice innovation

Summary Juvenile delinquency is a major social issue today which threatens to become more acute with anticipated demographic shifts and reductions in public support for the poor. Effective strategies for the prevention and reduction of delinquency among poor and at‐risk youth are much needed. The Family Network Partnership is a small community‐based delinquency prevention program in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The program joins the city housing authority, the community policing team, the youth court, and the local state university in efforts to address delinquency in a local public housing project. The program uses three primary strategies: (1) intervention with youth already involved with the juvenile justice system; (2) skill‐building among youth prior to court involvement; and (3) community capacity building. This paper describes the Partnership's background, principles and program, and outcomes to date. With qualification, the Partnership is offered as a model for replication in similar communities.