Reduction Of Hexavalent Chromium Research Articles

Extending the visible light absorption of NH2-UiO-66 through diazotization reaction for photocatalytic chromium (VI) reduction.

The optical properties of NH2-UiO-66 as a visible light-active metal organic framework was further enhanced through the diazotization reaction with π-conjugated 1-naphthol reagent. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectrum of diazotized MOF, named as Azo-UiO-66, exhibited a significant red shift compared to unfunctionalized NH2-UiO-66 due to the formation of diazo compound. Also, Tauc calculations indicated considerable decrease in band gap energy from 2.68 to 1.7eV, resulting in improvement of visible light harvesting. Furthermore, other physicochemical techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energ-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and CHN elemental analyses demonstrated the successful MOF diazotization with 1-naphthol and preservation of NH2-UiO-66 framework upon post-modification process. The reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), as a serious contaminant in wastewater to less toxic Cr(III) was performed over prepared photocatalyst, which demonstrated the positive role of ligand functionalization and enhancement of visible light absorption on overall photocatalytic performance of Azo-UiO-66.

A novel TiO2-x/TiN@ACB composite for synchronous photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and water photothermal evaporation under visible/infrared light illumination

Relatively large band-gap, fast charge carriers recombination, and mono-functionality of photocatalytic materials are still representing stumbling hurdles against their optimal usage for water cleaning. Herein, a novel black titanium oxide/plasmonic titanium nitride@activated coconut biochar (TiO2-x/TiN@ACB) composite was designed to have both photocatalytic and photothermal functions. Intermediate states of black TiO2-x, plasmonic effect of TiN, and high electrons (e−) capacity of biochar enhanced band-gap narrowing, light absorbance extension, and charge carriers separation respectively. Black TiO2-x and plasmonic TiN sensitization via visible/infrared (Vis/IR) portion of photonic spectrum in addition to the confirmed close contact of composite constituents explained the demonstrated major role of e− in photocatalytic mechanism through efficient excitation and facile transfer. Thanks to black photocatalytic semiconductor and carbonic materials for their ultimate photons harnessing and efficient photothermal conversion where the composite exhibited a remarkable photothermal water evaporation upon Vis/IR illumination as well. TiO2-x/TiN@ACB composite revealed 92.8 and 89.7% photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and water evaporation efficiencies up to 92.9 and 51.1% upon IR and Vis light illumination respectively. This study proposes a new approach for efficient water cleaning by coupling of oxygen deficient and plasmonic semiconductors supported on naturally derived carbonic material as a broad spectrum harvester and bi-functional photocatalytic and photothermal material.

Efficient reduction of hexavalent chromium with microscale Fe/Cu bimetals: Efficiency and the role of Cu

Microscale zero valent iron (mFe0) is one of the most potential water pollution remediation materials, but the effective utilization ability of electrons released by mFe0 in the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is not satisfactory. Here, we find the microscale iron-copper (mFe/Cu) bimetals coated with copper on the surface of mFe0 can significantly improve the effective utilization of electrons released by mFe0. Electrochemical analysis displays that copper plating on the surface of mFe/Cu can promote the release the electrons from mFe0 and reduce the impedance of mFe0. Spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that Cu on the surface of mFe/Cu bimetals promotes the release of electrons from mFe0 and reduces the adsorption energy of Fe to Cr. As the electron transporter, moreover, Cu can always attract Cr to the hollow position near itself of the Fe surface, which could promote the effective utilization of electrons released by Fe. Effective utilization ability of electrons in mFe/Cu system is 12.5 times higher than that in mFe0 system. Our findings provide another basis for the efficient reduction of Cr(VI) by mFe/Cu bimetals, which could promote the application and popularization of mFe/Cu bimetals.

Constructing an acidic microenvironment by sulfonated polymers for photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium under neutral conditions

Hexavalent chromium (VI) heavy metal contamination is considered a serious threat to human health and the environment. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) basically occurs in the acidic environment, severely limiting the application of photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI). Therefore, we designed a microenvironment strategy to achieve efficient reduction of Cr (VI) under neutral conditions by introducing sulfonic acid onto the aromatic conjugated skeleton. A series of characterizations and experiments have shown that the sulfonated aromatic ring conjugated polymer (Arcp-SO3H) can efficiently remove Cr(VI) under neutral or even alkaline conditions. In neutral solutions, Arcp-SO3H has a rate constant of 0.054 min−1 within 90 min and has an efficiency of nearly 100 %, which is 16 times faster than before sulfonation (k = 0.0316 min−1). the Arcp-SO3H surpasses all organic polymers and most metal-based photocatalysts in the related field. The capture experiments have proved that •O2– is the main role of reducing Cr(VI), and e- is secondary, which is quite different from the mechanism reported in the previous literature. The efficiency of reducing Cr (VI) in the four-cycle experiment is still 96 %, which also proves that Arcp-SO3H has strong stability and reproducibility. Thus, Arcp-SO3H has great practical application potential in the treatment of wastewater, and microenvironmental strategies also offer new possibilities in the field of environmental remediation.

Synchronous reduction and removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater by modified magnetic chitosan beads

As one of the highly toxic heavy metal contaminants, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) poses a serious hazard to the environment and public health due to its excellent solubility in aqueous environment. To synchronously reduce and remove Cr(VI) from wastewater efficiently, a class of functionalized magnetic chitosan (CS) beads (MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H) was synthesized with CS as the substrate material and in situ assembling Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the incorporated magnetic material, followed by epichlorohydrin (ECH) cross-linking and l-cysteine grafting. Results showed that Cr(VI) in aqueous solution could be rapidly adsorbed onto MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H via electrostatic attraction, meanwhile -SH groups introduced by l-cysteine grafting could not only significantly facilitate the reduction of Cr(VI) to less toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), but also promote the resultant Cr(III) chelating onto adsorbent due to the proton consumption caused by Cr(VI) reduction, resulting in the synergistic enhancement of Cr(VI) detoxification and total chromium (Cr(Total)) removal. The batch adsorption experiments revealed that the well designed MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H could be applied over a wide pH range (initial pH of 1.0–7.0), and showed much higher remove efficiency (99.6 ± 0.2 %) of Cr(VI) than MCB and MCB-ECH at initial pH 5.0 (60 °C) due to the improvement of stability and reducing capacity. The Cr(Total) sorption behaviors were well according with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, indicating a single-layer, exothermal, and chemical sorption process, while the maximum Cr(Total) removal capacity of MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H was estimated to be 293.46 mg∙g−1, exceeding most of previously reported related adsorbents. Moreover, MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H could still maintained strong adsorption performance after five cycles and exhibited excellent ability to remove 95 % Cr(VI) within 1 h for low concentration Cr(VI)-containing wastewater. The combination of synchronous reduction and adsorption property, high removal capacity, convenient magnetic separation and good recycling performance makes MCB-ECH-SH/SO3H an ideal candidate for chromium-containing wastewater treatment.

BiOBr microspheres anchored with Cu2O nanoparticles and rGO: A Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light irradiation

Photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an effective way to reduce its environmental risk. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a high removal rate in mild conditions. In order to efficiently remove Cr(VI) from water, a novel Z-scheme heterojunction composite photocatalyst rCB-20 (Cu2O/rGO/BiOBr, 20% Cu2O) was successfully prepared using a simple two-step strategy in this work. The characterizations of the catalyst show that the Z-scheme heterojunction formed between Cu2O and BiOBr is favorable for facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. The existence of rGO can reduce the resistance of electron transport. Therefore, the composite photocatalyst exhibits a very high photocatalytic activity in the photoreduction of Cr(VI). For example, using it to completely remove Cr(VI) with a concentration of 20 mg•L−1 in the pH = 4 solution only requires 40 min. Even the complete removal of the same concentration of Cr(VI) in neutral water at pH 7 does not take more than 90 min. Meanwhile, it possesses a high stability in catalytic activity and structure.

Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using Cu3.21Bi4.79S9/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite

The photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), to the trivalent species, Cr(III), has continued to inspire the synthesis of novel photocatalysts that are capable of achieving the task of converting Cr(VI) to the less toxic and more useful species. In this study, a novel functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (Cu3.21Bi4.79S9/gC3N4) was synthesized and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composite was used for the photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), under visible light irradiation. A 92.77% efficiency of the reduction was achieved at pH 2, using about 10 mg of the photocatalyst and 10 mg/L of the Cr(VI) solution. A pseudo-first-order kinetic study indicated 0.0076 min−1, 0.0286 min−1, and 0.0393 min−1 rate constants for the nanoparticles, pristine gC3N4, and the nanocomposite, respectively. This indicated an enhancement in the rate of reduction by the functionalized gC3N4 by 1.37- and 5.17-fold compared to the pristine gC3N4 and Cu3.21Bi4.79S9, respectively. A study of how the presence of other contaminants including dye (bisphenol A) and heavy-metal ions (Ag(I) and Pb(II)) in the system affects the photocatalytic process showed a reduction in the rate from 0.0393 min−1 to 0.0019 min−1 and 0.0039 min−1, respectively. Finally, the radical scavenging experiments showed that the main active species for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) are electrons (e−), hydroxyl radicals (·OH−), and superoxide (·O2−). This study shows the potential of functionalized gC3N4 as sustainable materials in the removal of hexavalent Cr from an aqueous solution.

Enhanced adsorption and near-infrared photo reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) on polyaniline modified SnS2 nanosheets

Promoting the photocatalytic activity of narrow bandgap materials in the near-infrared region is an economical and efficient but challenge strategy to increase the utilization of sunlight. In this work, SnS2 nanosheet is modified with polyaniline (PANI/SnS2) and employed as photocatalyst for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. With the introduction of PANI, the absorbance of PANI/SnS2 increases about three times than that of SnS2 under 800 nm wavelength irradiation, and the adsorption rate of PANI/SnS2 increases about 50 times than that of SnS2. The transient photovoltage data show that the surface effective charge (ne) of 3 % PANI/SnS2, PANI, and SnS2 are 0.32, 0.06 and 0.07, respectively, indicating the highly efficient electron-hole separation and rapid electron transfer of PANI/SnS2 composites. In acidic solution, PANI/SnS2 (10 mg) can reduce 20 mg/L Cr(VI) (30 mL contaminated water) within 2 h of solar light irradiation. It is interesting to find that PANI/SnS2 also realizes excellent photocatalytic performance with the degradation efficiency of 35 % under near-infrared light irradiation, and the Cr(VI) reduction constant rate of PANI/SnS2 is about 3 times than that of SnS2 in this wavelength range. The synergistic effect of PANI and SnS2 enables the catalyst to be applied for efficient photocatalytic degradation. This design strategy can also be used for the design of catalysts for other catalytic systems.

Cooperative cathodes for enhanced hexavalent chromium reduction and electricity generation in bioelectrochemical reactor with simultaneous sludge degradation

A novel bioelectrochemical reactor assembled with cooperative cathodes of chemical cathode and bio-cathode (BERCC) and excess sludge as the anodic substrate obtained continuous and effective Cr(VI) reduction. Cooperative cathodes in BERCC stimulated the growth of electrochemically active microorganisms such as Geobacter sp. and Shewanella sp. in the anodic biofilm and produced 8.21 ± 0.64 mg C/(L·h) more electrons than the dual chemical cathodes in the bioelectrochemical reactor with dual chemical cathodes, which enhanced the electrons for electricity generation and Cr(VI) reduction by approximately 58.3% and 56.1 ± 5.6%, respectively.

Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium to Trivalent Chromium using Sludge from Acetylene Gas Production

Electroplating industry generatesharmful anionic heavy metalwhich is Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) that need to be treated before it can be discharged into the environment following accordance to the Environmental Industry (Effluent Regulation) 2009. These Cr6+ ions must be reduced to chromium trivalent (Cr3+) using a reducing agent before undergoing precipitation process for complete removal of (Chromium) Cr component. The common reducing agent is using Sodium Metabisulphite (SMBS). This chemical generates harmful gases which are Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Circular economy practices encouraged by theDepartment of Environment (DOE) includes repurposing industrial waste, where the undesired by product is seen as a potential resource for other purposes. In this study, sludge from Acetylene gas production is used as a reducingagent. Acetylene production sludge (APS) contains high (Calcium) Ca element and (Ferum) Fe ions that are essential for the reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+. The analysis of APS characterization is done by XRF and XRD instrument with the result of high Ca and Fe ions with (Ca(OH)2) alkaline properties. The initial concentration of Cr6+ is 3.25 mg/L and total Cr concentration is 1124 mg/L. The highest percentage reduction is 61.5% found at pH5.51 with the APS dosage of 1.15 ml. For the effect of APS dosing, 100% reduction of Cr6+ is achieved at pH 6.04 with volume of APS used at 1.8 ml.

New insights into the efficient charge transfer by construction of adjustable dominant facet of BiOI/CdS heterojunction for antibiotics degradation and chromium Cr(VI) reduction under visible-light irradiation.

The narrow light-response range and high electron/hole recombination rate greatly restrict the widespread use of photocatalytic technology. The integration of exposing dominant facet of semiconductor and Z-scheme heterostructures designing is expected to break those barriers. Herein，In this work, hydrothermal and ultrasonic stirring methods were used to selectively exposed the (001) and (110) facet of BiOI to construct the BiOI/CdS heterostructures. The obtained BiOI(001)/CdS material shown the maximum degradation for tetracycline-based antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and Doxycycline), and excellent reduction of hexavalent chromium. Combining the electron spin resonance and scavenger experiments, the superior photocatalytic capacity was attributed to the generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. DFT calculation results shown BiOI(001)/CdS performed high binding energy and adsorption energy for hexavalent chromium, and the different work function between BiOI(001) and CdS confirmed the building of internal electric field, thereby increased the charge separation. Finally, the Gaussian 09 and HPLC-MS program investigated the attack sites of free radicals and degradation pathways in the degradation of antibiotics. This study not only provides a potential photocatalyst, also gives an in-depth understanding of the photocatalytic properties of heterojunctions constructed by different exposed crystal facets.

Soaked Al powder for efficient reduction of hexavalent chromium in neutral solution

Zero-valent Al (ZVAl) is a good electron donor, however its surface passive film impedes the electron release from inside to outside. In this work, a soaking procedure was adopted to activate ZVAl powder, which was used to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in neutral solution. The results indicated that the soaking process can greatly enhance Cr(VI) reduction due to a layer of loose and fine flocculent Al(OH)3 grains covering on Al particles, which adsorb Cr(VI) ions and speed up the electron release from inner Al. There is an optimal soaking time, which can promote ZVAl to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in neutral solution up to 90% within 2 min. Mechanism analyses revealed that adsorption of Cr(VI) ions on soaked Al surfaces are beneficial for them to receive more electrons from inner Al, leading to reduction of Cr(VI) ions favorable in competition with Al-water reaction, because these two processes consume electrons simultaneously. It was also found that the soaked Al powder has a good reusability and Cr(VI) removal is >70% when it was recycled for 5 times. This study provides an effective way for activating Al to reduce heavy metal ions in water.

Synthesis of biochar@α-Fe2O3@Shewanella loihica complex for remediation of soil contaminated by hexavalent chromium: Optimization of conditions and mechanism.

The reduction of hexavalent chromium combined with the process of dissimilatory iron reduction is an important strategy for microbial remediation of chromium-contaminated soil. However, its applicability is limited by the slow speed of bacterial bioreduction and the toxic effect of heavy metals on bacteria. Here, biochar (BC) was used as a substrate and was loaded with iron oxide in the form of hematite and Shewanella loihica to synthesize a BC@α-Fe2O3@S. loihica complex and thus achieve combined microbial-chemical remediation. After optimization by a Box-Behnken design, the optimal dosages of the complex, humic acid (as an electron shuttle), and sodium lactate (as an electron donor) were found to be 1.38mL/g, 33.94mg/g, and 12.95%, respectively. The Cr(VI) reduction rate in soil contaminated with 1000mg/kg Cr(VI) reached 98.26%, and remediation could be achieved within 7 days. Characterization of the BC@α-Fe2O3@S. loihica complex before and after it was used for remediation by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved that the oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic compounds on the surface of the BC participated in the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) and that the loaded hematite particles were fully utilized by microorganisms. Therefore, the BC@α-Fe2O3@S. loihica complex has great potential for the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.

Physiological, biochemical, and genomic elucidation of the Ensifer adhaerens M8 strain with simultaneous arsenic oxidation and chromium reduction

This study reports the simultaneous oxidation of As(III) and reduction of the Cr(VI) strain Ensifer adhaerens M8 screened from soils around abandoned gold tailings contaminated with highly complex metals (loids). Physiological, biochemical, and genomic techniques were used to explore the mechanism. The strain M8 could simultaneously oxidize 1 mM As(III) and reduce 45.3 % 0.1 mM Cr(VI) in 16 h, and the Cr(VI) reduction rate was increased by 5.8 % compared with the addition of Cr(VI) alone. Cellular debris was the main site of M8 arsenic oxidation. Chromium reduction was dominated by the reduction of extracellular hexavalent chromium (23.80–35.67 %). The genome of M8 included one chromosome and four plasmids, and a comparison of the genomes showed that M8 had two more plasmids than strains of the same genus, which may be related to strong environmental adaptations. M8 had 10 heavy metal resistance genes (HMRs), and plasmid D had a complete cluster of arsenic resistance-oxidation-transport genes (arsOHBCCR-aioSR-aioBA-cytCmoeA-phoBBU-PstBACS-phnCDEE). The genes involved in Cr(VI) detoxification include DNA repair (RecG, ruvABC, and UvrD), Cr(VI) transport (chrA, TonB, and CysAPTW) and Cr(VI) reduction. In summary, this study provides a molecular basis for As (III) and Cr (VI) remediation.

Construction of hierarchical Bi2WO6/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic performance in degradation of organic compounds and reduction of hexavalent chromium

We report the application of hierarchical Bi2WO6/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of Cr (VI). The activity of all samples is comprehensively estimated by Cr (VI) reduction and RhB degradation under visible light. The results show the Bi2WO6/ZnIn2S4 composite with matched energy band structure can promote carrier migration and visible light absorption. The photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6/ZnIn2S4 heterojunction for Cr (VI) reduction and RhB degradation is much better than that of original Bi2WO6 and ZnIn2S4. In particular, the photocatalytic efficiency of BW/ZIS-0.2 (Bi2WO6 loading of 20 wt%) is about 7.50 times that of the original ZnIn2S4 and dozens of times that of Bi2WO6. This is due to the close interface contact brought by the core-shell structure, the improvement of electron transport by heterojunction and the enhancement of visible light absorption. This work will inspire people to develop efficient photocatalysts through the design of core-shell heterostructures.

Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by a Potent Novel Haloalkaliphilic Nesterenkonia sp strain NRC-Y Isolated from Hypersaline Soda Lakes

Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by a Potent Novel Haloalkaliphilic Nesterenkonia sp strain NRC-Y Isolated from Hypersaline Soda Lakes

Visible-light-driven reduction of chromium (VI) by green synthesised cuprous oxide nanoparticles

• The Prunus cerasifera extract used as a greener reducing agents for the synthesis of Cu 2 O NPs. • XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDX confirms the formation and morphology of Cu 2 O NPs. • Efficient visible light reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) achieved by Cu 2 O NPs. • Statistical optimization based on Response surface methodology predicts 99 % reduction. The photocatalytic reaction is the best alternative for the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) to a less toxic trivalent chromium (Cr (III)). However, getting photocatalysts working in the visible region is yet the key issue for the field. Hence, we have reported an environmentally friendly, and cost-effective synthesis of visible light active cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) using prunus cerasifera plant extract. The phytochemicals from Prunus cerasifera extract are used as surface modifying and reducing agents for the synthesis of Cu 2 O nanoparticles (NPs). The powder XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and EDX instruments were used to confirm the crystal structure, morphology and composition of Cu 2 O NPs. Photocatalytic activity of Cu 2 O NPs investigated via the reduction of Cr (VI) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that Cu 2 O NPs can efficiently reduce Cr (VI). Response surface methodology coupled with Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) statistical model was used to optimize the photocatalysis factors and predicted 99% reduction efficiency at pH = 5.95, time 160 min and 15.68 mg/L Cr (VI). The kinetics and plausible mechanism were proposed based on the experimental results.

Enhancement of hexavalent chromium reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in presence of copper nanoparticles via stimulating bacterial extracellular electron transfer and environmental adaptability

The bioreduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) depends highly on bacterial activity, while the release of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) poses threats to microorganisms in the environment. This work demonstrated that Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was remarkably enhanced by 83.7% under 20 mg/L Cu NPs exposure. Cu NPs improved the electron migration capacity of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 by enhancing bioelectrochemical performance and flavin mononucleotide secretion. Moreover, key genes related to extracellular electron transfer pathways, including direct electron transfer through outer-membrane proteins, flavin-mediated electron transfer, and conductive flagella, were generally upregulated under Cu NPs exposure. In addition, environmental adaptability of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was enhanced under Cu NPs exposure by improving environmental information processing and energy and reducing power production, promoting Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. This work indicated that Cu NPs could enhance Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 through regulating extracellular electron transfer and environmental adaptability.

Synthesis of conjugated polyvinyl chloride derivative coupled MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as a magnetic visible-light photocatalyst

MnFe2O4 is a potential magnetic visible-light photocatalyst, but its photocatalytic efficiency is badly restricted by the high recombination rate of its photogenerated electrons and holes. This work used conjugated polyvinyl chloride derivative (CPVC) to couple MnFe2O4 to boost its photocatalytic efficiency. CPVC/MnFe2O4 nanocomposites with an n-p heterojunction structure were prepared by an easily implementable three-step approach. When applied to the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) with the help of visible-light (λ > 420 nm), the CPVC/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite synthesized under the optimized conditions (CPVC/MnFe2O4-2) demonstrated not only superior photocatalytic activity than MnFe2O4 nanoparticles and many other recently reported visible-light photocatalysts, but also remarkable durability. In addition, CPVC/MnFe2O4-2 also had strong magnetism and could be effectively separated from the solution by attraction with a magnet. According to the results of structure and photoelectrochemical characterization, the superior photocatalytic activity of CPVC/MnFe2O4-2 largely results from its bigger specific surface area and improved photogenerated charge separation and transfer capability. This work suggests that a new cost-effective, efficient and magnetically recoverable visible-light photocatalyst may be developed by coupling MnFe2O4 with CPVC.

Synthesis of ZnO/Ag/phosphorene for photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI)

Synthesis of ZnO/Ag/phosphorene for photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr-VI)