Reduction Of Fe Concentration Research Articles

The potential of biochar to enhance concentration and utilization of selected macro and micro nutrients for chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in three contrasting soils

The balance in nutrient availability and retention after addition of biochar depends on the feedstock and application rates of the biochar in different soils. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the potential effect of biochar derived from poultry litter (PLB) and acacia (ACB) feedstocks on selected rhizospheric macro and micro-nutrients, shoot and root biomass, as well as nutrient uptake by chickpea grown in three different soil types. Treatments consisted of two biochar (PLB and ACB), four application rates of 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w, and three soil types [Fernwood (Arenosol); Pinedene (Gleyic Acrisol); Griffin (Helvic Acrisol)]. PLB application at 2% increased rhizospheric pH, CEC, and P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn concentrations in Pinedene and Griffin soils. Chickpea shoot and root biomass in the Pinedene and Griffin soils were highest at 0.5 and 1% PLB application and was attributed to increase in soil N and N uptake. Application of PLB and ACB at 1 and 2% showed a significant change in rhizospheric pH and available P in Fernwood soil resulting in a reduction of Fe concentration. The higher C:N ratio of the ACB probably resulted in immobilization of nutrients as evident from the low response in shoot and root biomass as well as shoot N uptake of chickpea in all soil types. The study confirmed that the effect of biochar on the availability of soil nutrients and plant growth is associated with the nature of the biochar feedstock, the rate of application and the soil characteristics.

Impact of amendments on rice productivity in iron toxic soils of Odisha

A field experiment was conducted in Aeric Haplaquept to study the effect of different amendments to increase the rice crop yield in Iron toxic soil. The experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications by taking rice Var. Jajati as a test crop. The treatments were: T1- Control, T2- fresh cowdung @ 10 t ha-1 +Zn @ 5 kgha-1, T3- Press mud @ 10 tha-1, T4- Rice bran @ 3 tha-1, T5-Ca-silicate @ 1 tha-1, T6- Rice bran + Ca-silicate @ 1 tha-1, T7- K @40 kgha-1 (through Patent Kali) + Zn @ 5 kgha-1, T8- K @ 80 kgha-1 (40 kg through Patent Kali) and recommended doses of N, P and K. The results showed that the rice yield of 56.67 qha-1 in the treatment of 40 kg K from Patent Kali with 5 kg Znha-1 was higher followed by Pressmud 10 t ha-1, Ca- silicate 1t ha-1, fresh cowdung +Zn 5kgha-1 and others in sequence. Highest harvest index was found in the treatment receiving 40 kg K from Patent Kali with 5 kg Znha-1. It was observed that there was reduction in Fe concentration from initial value in all treatments.

Reduction of Fe concentration in Al–4Si–1Fe–1Cu–0.5Zn–0.5Mn alloys with S

In this article, the effect of sulfur on the reduction of Fe concentration in aluminum alloy scraps was investigated. The iron content decreases from 1.224 wt% to <0.854 wt% and achieves an optimal ratio of 30 % when the sulfur addition is 3 %. Thermodynamic calculations, the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the sample indicate that the formation of FeS can occur spontaneously in molten aluminum with the addition of sulfur. The mechanism of Fe-removing purification process was also discussed.

Study on iron purification from aluminium melt by Na2B4O7 flux

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of Na2B4O7 on the reduction of Fe concentration from commercial purity aluminium. Experiments were conducted and the double barrier layers theory was used to study the kinetics of the purification process. Results showed that the iron reduction ratio increased with the addition of Na2B4O7 and the holding time, which follows the first order exponential decay law. The addition of Na2B4O7 containing flux could reduce iron content from 0·14 wt-% to less than 0·1 wt-% and achieve an optimal ratio of 44%. Thermodynamic calculations and the XRD, SEM and EDX analyses of the molten sludge indicated that formation of Fe2B could occur spontaneously in molten aluminium with the addition of Na2B4O7 containing flux.

Trends in sediment metal concentrations in the River Avoca, South-East Ireland

Variation in sediment metal concentrations in the River Avoca, which is severely polluted by acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned sulphur and copper mines in Avoca, is reported. A survey of surface and subsurface sediments was repeated after seven years during exceptionally low flow conditions in 2001. The present study found that the reference (up-stream) site used in the original 1994 study was itself impacted by AMD, showing sediment metal enrichment by AMD to be greater than originally thought. The new reference site contained elevated Pb (570 microg g(-1)) in the subsurface sediment due to abandoned Pb-Zn mines 25 km further upstream. Concentrations of Cu (43 microg g(-1)), Zn (349 microg g(-1)) and Fe (4.0%) were normal for uncontaminated rivers. All the downstream sites showed sediment metal enrichment arising from the AMD (Cu and Zn p < 0.001; Fe p < 0.01). Subsurface concentrations of metals immediately below the mixing zone were Cu 904 microg g-1 (sd 335), Zn 723 microg g-1 (sd 93), Fe 6.3% (sd 1.5) and Pb 463 microg g(-1) (sd 279). Monthly variation in metal concentrations at sites was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Although surface sediment metal concentrations were more variable, they followed similar trends to subsurface sediment. There were no significant differences in the subsurface sediment concentrations for either Cu or Zn over the period 1994 and 2001 immediately below the mines, although at the lowest site Zn had decreased by 35% over the period (p < 0.01). However there was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease over the period in the Fe concentration at all the impacted sites. This corresponds to a reduction in Fe concentration in the AMD and indicates that some remediation has occurred in the river since 1994.