Reduction Of Burnout Research Articles

Self‐care in prevention of burnout amongst counselling professionals: A systematic literature review

AbstractAimThis paper sought to examine current application of self‐care to reduction and prevention of burnout amongst counselling professionals.Materials and MethodsA systematic approach to the literature across CINAHL, EBSCO, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) and Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research type (SPIDER) were applied as strategic tools to paper inclusion. After the completion of selection process, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to examine the included papers and to narrow the study down to a total of 16 journal articles. Furthermore, thematic analysis revealed two superordinate themes: Factors contributing to burnout with total of five subthemes and actions contributing to self‐care with total of six subthemes.ResultsThe factors contributing to burnout had both personal and organisational origin, primarily based on lack of knowledge of burnout symptoms and reduced resources for applied self‐care. Furthermore, access to clinical supervision was not readily available, and self‐care concepts were not adequately implemented within the organisational context.ConclusionDespite the extensive research regarding the serious occupational repercussions of burnout amongst counselling professionals, the role of timely and appropriately applied self‐care has not been clearly established. Many counselling professionals were not aware of burnout signs and symptoms while self‐care was seen as optional exercise, applied either minimally or not at all. Holistic education on the effects of cognitive, emotional, physical and spiritual self‐care needs amongst the counselling professionals is necessary in prevention and reduction of burnout and should be further examined.

Second Wave Positive Psychology in the Prevention and Reduction of Parental Burnout: The CARE Intervention

Positive psychology interventions aim to enhance individuals’ resilience, mental health, and well-being. This study ( N = 34) aimed to assess whether the CARE (Coherence, Attention, Relationship, Engagement) intervention tailored to enhance parental strengths and resources may contribute to the prevention and reduction of parental burnout. We tested the hypothesis that, compared to a waiting-list control group, parents attending the intervention would present lower scores of parental burnout postintervention (T2). The results of the study showed that compared to the control group the CARE program contributed to the significant reduction of parental burnout within the intervention group, with a large effect size ( F(1, 32) = 7.74 , p = .01, η2p = 0.20). Within the CARE group, the severity of parental burnout significantly decreased ( t(32) = 3.87, Mdiff = 16.71, SEdiff = 4.32, p = .01), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in parental burnout symptoms between T1 and T2 among the participants from the control group ( t(32) = −0.07, Mdiff = −0.29, SEdiff = 4.32, p = 1.00). In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that the CARE intervention may significantly contribute to the reduction of parental burnout.

ACADEMIC BURNOUT CONDITIONS IN INDONESIAN STUDENTS: PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND EMOTIONAL

The unclear end of the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on learning in schools. Students as an affected community cause the online learning process with various limitations, even though students have begun to get used to online learning. Conditions related to online learning pose a new problem about academic burnout. This study aims to develop an academic burnout scale and describe the condition of student academic burnout. The research method uses a mix-method with academic burnout variables and the target is students. The results found three aspects of academic burnout from physical fatigue, mental exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion. The burnout scale is validly tested with reliability in the very high category. The measurement of student academic burnout found that the average student has a high burnout category as a result of online learning. The effects of burnout conditions are self-confidence, motivation, achievement, self-control or depression in students. Immediate intervention for the prevention, reduction, or alleviation of burnout by school counselors or in collaboration with psychologists or universities.

Positive Leadership within Breast Imaging: Impact on Burnout, Intent to Leave, and Engagement.

Background High rates of provider burnout and turnover, as well as staffing shortages, are creating crises within radiology departments. Identifying ways to support health care workers, such as the Positively Energizing Leadership program, is important during these ongoing crises. Purpose To identify the relationship between leadership behaviors and workplace climate and health care worker outcomes (ie, burnout, intent to leave, and engagement) and to determine whether the positive leadership program could improve workplace climate and health care worker outcomes. Materials and Methods This prospective study involved two parts. First, a web-based survey was administered to faculty and staff in a breast imaging unit of a large academic medical center in February 2021 to identify relationships between leadership behaviors and workplace climate and health care worker outcomes. Second, a web-based survey was administered in February 2023, following the implementation of a positive leadership program, to determine improvement in engagement and reduction of burnout and intent to leave since 2021. Multiple regression, the Sobel test, Pearson correlation, and the t test were used, with a conservative significance level of P < .001. Results The sample consisted of 88 respondents (response rate, 95%) in 2021 and 85 respondents (response rate, 92%) in 2023. Leadership communication was associated with a positive workplace climate (β = 0.76, P < .001) and a positive workplace climate was associated with improved engagement (β = 0.53, P < .001), reduction in burnout (β = -0.42, P < .001), and reduction in intent to leave (β = -0.49, P < .001). Following a 2-year positive leadership program, improved perceptions were observed for leadership communication (pretest mean, 4.59 ± 1.51 [SD]; posttest mean, 5.80 ± 1.01; t = 5.97, P < .001), workplace climate (pretest mean, 5.09 ± 1.43; posttest mean, 5.77 ± 1.11; t = 3.35, P < .001), and engagement (pretest mean, 5.27 ± 1.20, posttest mean, 5.68 ± 0.96; t = 2.50, P < .01), with a reduction in burnout (pretest mean, 2.69 ± 0.94; posttest mean, 2.18 ± 0.74; t = 3.50, P < .001) and intent to leave (pretest mean, 3.12 ± 2.23; posttest mean, 2.56 ± 1.84; t = 1.78, P < .05). Conclusion After implementation of a positive leadership program in a radiology department breast imaging unit, burnout and intention to leave decreased among health care workers, while engagement increased. © RSNA, 2024 See also the editorial by Thrall in this issue.

Professional burnout of nurses and the level of rationing of nursing care: an observational preliminary study

BackgroundNurses are one of the professional groups most exposed to experiencing professional burnout. Professional burnout has a negative impact on the quality of nursing care, including causing care rationing. Therefore, it is very important to understand the determinants of both professional burnout and care rationing, as well as their mutual relationships. The aim of the study was to understand the impact of professional burnout among nurses on the level of rationing of nursing care.MethodsThe study was conducted among 100 nurses at the Głogów County Hospital (Poland) from November 14, 2011, to November 18, 2022. The following Polish version of the standardized research tools were utilized: the Basel Extent of Rationing of Nursing Care– Revised (BERNCA-R) questionnaire and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Additionally, a survey designed by the authors was employed.ResultsThe BERNCA-R significantly correlates (p < 0.05) and positively (r > 0) with OLBI (disengagement), resulting in a higher degree of care rationing. The average overall BERNCA-R score was 1.56 points (SD = 0.62), indicating that the frequency of care rationing among respondents ranged from “never” to “rarely.” Among participants in the OLBI questionnaire, 63% of respondents had a moderate level of work exhaustion, 36% had a high level of work exhaustion, and 1% had a low level of work exhaustion. In turn, 58% of respondents had a moderate level of disengagement, 38% had a high level of disengagement, and 4% had a low level of disengagement. Moreover, a statistically significant association with the BERNCA-R score concerning the workplace (ward) and participation in training on preventing professional burnout was shown.ConclusionsThe rationing of nursing care was found to be at a low level. The higher the level of disengagement, the greater the level of care rationing was observed. In conservative units, nurses demonstrated a higher level of care rationing. Nurses’ expectations regarding the reduction of professional burnout include, among other things, higher remuneration, an increase in the number of staff, and an improvement in the work atmosphere.

Professional staff burnout: causes, economic consequences, ways of prevention

The purpose of the research. Based on a critical analysis of scientific research on the problems of social and financial well-being of employees, their physical and mental health, to prove the objective reality of professional burnout of employees and to propose such forms of labor motivation that do not require significant investments from business owners and employers, but will reduce the degree of professional burnout of personnel in the prevailing conditions of social and labor relations.Research methodology. The article uses theoretical, empirical and general scientific research methods in order to comprehensively study the phenomenon of professional burnout of employees, identify its causes, factors of influence, and economic consequences for business entities. Statistical methods of economic analysis were also used to systematize the evidence and conduct an analytical review.Originality / value of the research. The article analyzes a significant layer of data related to professional burnout of employees, obtained as a result of generalization of scientific research and surveys of respondents in many countries of the world. On this basis, a set of measures aimed at preventing chronic stress in the workplace in new working conditions has been formulated.The results of the study. The authors clarified the signs and systematized the causes of the phenomenon of «professional burnout of personnel», revealed its impact on the economic performance of business entities. Proposals have also been developed for the implementation of effective work motivation tools that do not require employers to make almost any investments in personnel, but contribute to the prevention or reduction of professional burnout.

The role of supervisory support in stress management and prevention of occupational burnout of professionals working in social protection. Case study: Montenegro

Supervisory support is recognised as a significant mechanism for identifying factors that contribute to stress and potentially generate conditions that are conducive to occupational burnout of professionals who work in the area of social protection. In Montenegro, the practice of implementation of supervisory support does not have notable continuity; rather, it is a consequence of reforms of the social and child protection system that have taken place over the past ten years. Supervisory support is implemented in social work centres in line with the Western European supervision model. The history of implementation of the supervision process has been marked by a strong emphasis on the administrative function over the supporting and educational functions. Such an approach has resulted in a number of dilemmas, contradictions and different professional views among key actors in the supervision process. This paper examines the implications of having applied such a form of supervisory support system in the field of stress management and prevention of burnout among professionals. Simultaneously, organisational solutions that have emerged as a result of the selected model of supervision are questioned. By indicating systemic deficiencies, we draw attention to the challenges of stress and burnout faced by social work professionals and supervisors. Emphasis on the role of supervision in the reduction of stress and occupational burnout enables profiling the idea of modifying supervisory support in the social protection system of Montenegro. Key words supervision; stress; occupational burnout; supervisor; professionals.

Интегративное обеспечение устойчивости рабочих групп на основе взаимодействия персональных и командных ресурсов

The aim of the article is to describe the interaction of personal and team resources for sustainable workgroup activity. A theoretical analysis of the problem of sustainability and a description of the antecedents of group sustainability are presented. To collect empirical data, the following techniques are used: “Questionnaire on shared professional leadership in a team”, “Scale of team sustainability”, “Scale of perception of shared mental models”, “Job Crafting Scale”, “Questionnaire of conflict resistance forms”, and the questionnaire “Professional burnout”. The study involved employees of Russian organisations of various fields of activity in total number of 572 people, at the age from 18 to 73 (M = 34.98, SD = 11.2, Me = 33), 29% of respondents were men, 71% were women. From them the support staff amounted 19%, specialists amounted 62%, and leaders were 20%. Data collection was carried out through electronic Google Forms. The results discover the interrelations of conflict-resistance, proactive work settings, subscales of compatibility of mental models, subscales of shared leadership with the sustainability of workgroups. Predictors of workgroup sustainability are proactive work settings that affect the reduction of professional burnout, as well as conflict resistance, the shared leadership, and compatibility of the members’ mental models.

Emotion regulation and well-being as factors contributing to lessening burnout among Chinese EFL teachers

Teachers have come under significant scrutiny due to their pivotal role in educational context and lately, the study of emotion-connected aspects in teachers' education domain has got much attention and experts in this domain proved that emotion is at the center of teaching subjects. Also as teaching is an emotionally challenging occupation, it often results in high levels of stress and consequently burnout which has become a prominent concern in mainstream education in recent years. As the main issue of education, teachers' emotions should be taken into account as their positive emotions and their regulation have been highlighted in the literature. Therefore, the study underscores the critical significance of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' well-being and emotion regulation and their relations to burnout. To fulfill the research objectives, 398 English teachers participated in the assessment of the studied concepts. The findings, analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), reveal that both variables significantly contribute to the reduction of job burnout in teachers. This study discusses key findings, implications, and limitations while also offering suggestions for future research directions.

Feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted psychological first aid training intervention (Preparing Me) to support the mental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers in China: a feasibility randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background: Psychological first aid (PFA) training helps to prepare healthcare workers (HCWs) to manage trauma and stress during healthcare emergencies, yet evidence regarding its effectiveness and implementation is lacking. Method: A two-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial design was conducted in a Chinese tertiary hospital. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either a culturally adapted PFA training (the intervention arm) or psychoeducation (the control arm). Feasibility indicators and selected outcomes were collected. Results: In total, 215 workers who expressed an interest in participating in the trial were screened for eligibility, resulting in 96 eligible participants being randomly allocated to the intervention arm (n = 48) and control arm (n = 48). There was a higher retention rate for the face-to-face PFA training session than for the four online group PFA sessions. Participants rated the PFA training as very helpful (86%), with a satisfaction rate of 74.25%, and 47% reported being able to apply their PFA skills in responding to public health emergencies or providing front-line clinical care. Positive outcome changes were observed in PFA knowledge, skills, attitudes, resilience, self-efficacy, compassion satisfaction, and post-traumatic growth. Their scores on depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout measures all declined. Most of these changes were sustained over 3 months (p < .05). Repeated measures analysis of variance found statistically significant interaction effects on depression (F 2,232 = 2.874, p = .046, η p 2 = .031) and burnout (F 2,211 = 3.729, p = .018, η p 2 = .037), indicating a greater reduction in symptoms of depression and burnout with PFA compared to psychoeducation training. Conclusion: This culturally adapted PFA training intervention was highly acceptable among Chinese HCWs and was feasible in a front-line care setting. Preliminary findings indicated positive changes for the PFA training intervention on knowledge, skills, attitudes, resilience, self-efficacy, compassion satisfaction, and post-traumatic growth, especially a reduction of depression and burnout. Further modifications are recommended and a fully powered evaluation of PFA training is warranted.

A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of the Relationships between Perceived Occupational Stress, Burnout, and Teacher Resilience

Challenged with the task of effectively performing a wide range of roles and obligations in their work, teachers are believed to have one of the most stress-provoking professions (Johnson, Cooper, Cartwright, Donald, Taylor, &amp; Millet, 2005). Closely associated with teacher stress and role complexity, teacher burnout can be considered a professional plight which is likely to afflict every teacher during his/her career. This study aimed to investigate the interrelationships of teaching context, perceived occupational stress, and burnout, with the mediating role of teacher resilience among Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, validated versions of four questionnaires were administered to 400 Iranian EFL teachers. The collected data were analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that lack of supervisory support, as a dimension of teaching context, can lead to teachers’ occupational stress more than other dimensions. Moreover, significant positive relationships were found between teachers’ occupational stress and their burnout level. There were also significant negative relationships between teacher resilience and occupational stress and burnout. Teacher resilience can be assumed to have a mediatory role in the relationship between occupational stress and burnout, in that it reduces occupational stress and results in the reduction of burnout.

Современные направления изучения феномена эмоционального выгорания

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The article presents a review of current trends in empirical research of the phenomenon of emotional burnout over the last 5 years, which were on display in the ScienceDirect catalogue. As a result of the analysis three topical directions of burnout research were identified. The first one is connected with a role of emotional intelligence in a burnout occurrence. It was established that a person's understanding of his/her own and other people's emotions and managing them can help to overcome and prevent emotional burnout. The second direction investigates the role of emotional work in a burnout. It was found that a person's ability to direct his/her emotions and to use different strategies of their expression can help to reduce burnout, and "psychological flexibility" provides an opportunity to prevent the onset of emotional burnout. The third direction is related to a person's social identity. The link between a person's social identity and a reduction of burnout is demonstrated, the role of psychological connection to the group and social identity strengthening in the reduction of emotional burnout is shown. The growing interest in the role and place of a person's identity in burnout is especially emphasized in the review. The article presents perspectives for further research of a burnout phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;

Intervention for burnout and irrational beliefs in parents of couples seeking a divorce: A critical reflection of Igbo-African marital discord

Background: Looking at the sociocultural dimension of marriage in the sub-region of Nigeria like Igbo, parents allow their sons and daughters to marry so that they can have homes. The expectation is for them to have permanent homes. If there is anything contrary to that such as divorce, parents usually frown at it. To some extent, the psychological effects of it may be deeply rooted in parents who hear that their children are seeking a divorce. Given this reason, this study investigated the effect of rational emotive family health therapy (REFHT) on burnout and irrational beliefs in parents of couples seeking a divorce. Methods: This is a pretest-posttest randomized control group research. Two instruments were used to measure 73 participants who were assigned to treatment and control arms. the intervention group received 12 sessions of counseling that aimed to decrease the level of burnout and irrational beliefs. At the end of the sessions and assessments, the data were analyzed using repeated measures, cross-tabulation, and univariate statistics. Results: the finding indicated that REFHT was highly effective in decreasing the high parental burnout orchestrated by irrational belief. Comparing the mean scores of the participants exposed to the intervention and those in the control group after time 1 and 2 assessments, the mean reduction of burnout and irrational beliefs further showed a positive treatment outcome. There was no significant influence of gender, time, and group. Conclusion: This study suggests that REFHT is significant in improving the psycho-emotional wellness of parents of couples seeking a divorce. Thus, additional research is required to validate the impact of REFHT in decreasing burnout in other populations.

The case for implementing legal clinical supervision within legal practice, and recommendations for best practice

ABSTRACT While the concept of clinical supervision is well-developed within clinical legal education, its application within broader legal practice is less explored. This paper aims to contribute to this emerging conversation by providing recommendations for the effective incorporation of clinical supervision within legal practice. The paper provides an initial overview of the current state of research on clinical supervision in legal practice, subsequently outlining the benefits and key considerations for its implementation. The paper argues that clinical supervision can yield a multitude of benefits, including the reduction of burnout, minimisation of vicarious trauma, and enhancement of the quality of legal practice by fostering emotional and interpersonal skills. The paper further discusses the importance of self-reflection, debriefing, and supervision that facilitates self-care in the context of clinical supervision. The potential benefits of this approach extend to all members of the profession, from new lawyers to seasoned practitioners, and could lead to improved professionalism, reduced attrition, and enhanced wellbeing within the legal profession.

Numerical modeling of two‐phase flows in the presence of dynamic and thermal interactions

AbstractThe study of turbulent flow in mixtures consisting of gas and particulate matter is a current area of research among modern scientists. The main objective of this area is to prevent the reduction of burnout in flow‐through systems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model of turbulent gas flow with solids to explore the structure of the combustion region in a channel with a partially open boundary to determine the interfacial interaction of the injection of a flat heterogeneous flow in a confined area and the influence of regime parameters on the ignition process. For this purpose, a modeling method was used, which involved using the fundamental laws of continuity of flow, conservation of energy, and the quantity of motion and matter, and an experiment was conducted to reconcile the proposed model with theoretical data. As a result of this work, a model based on the averaged Reynolds Navier–Stokes equations and an algorithm for solving a turbulent subsonic two‐dimensional flow in a heterogeneous medium based on an Euler–Lagrange representation have been developed. Thus, the effects of the parameters of entrainment, temperature, and component concentration on the combustion range and mixing intensity were determined. The proposed methodology can be applied to solve application problems of various kinds, for example, in the design of thermal power plants. The scope of the mathematical and numerical models developed is sufficiently broad that they are universal.

Burnout among Junior Nurses: The Roles of Demographic and Workplace Relationship Factors, Psychological Flexibility, and Perceived Stress

Background. Burnout is a common psychological syndrome among nurses, especially in the first few years of working. However, limited studies have evaluated the factors related to burnout among junior nurses. Aims. To investigate the levels of psychological flexibility, stress, and burnout among junior nurses and examine the role of demographic and workplace relationship factors, psychological flexibility, and perceived stress on burnout among junior nurses. Materials and Methods. A convenience sample of 481 junior nurses was recruited from three tertiary hospitals in China from July 2021 to August 2022. Data were collected, including demographic data, workplace relationships, psychological flexibility (measured by experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion), perceived stress, and burnout. The Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Results. Junior nurses had a high level of burnout in different dimensions. Nurses with an undergraduate education, nurses working in the first year, and a lack of support from supervisors and poor colleague (nurse-nurse and nurse-doctor) relationships had the lowest level of psychological flexibility and the highest level of perceived stress and burnout. Spearman correlation indicated that experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, perceived stress, and burnout were positively associated with each other. The regression model showed that psychological flexibility (especially cognitive fusion) and perceived stress influenced burnout in junior nurses. Conclusions. Higher psychological flexibility and lower perceived stress appear to improve burnout in junior nurses. Therefore, interventions targeting these two factors may provide a viable direction for the reduction of burnout among junior nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. Hospital authorities should create a harmonious working environment and provide some psychology training programs for junior nurses.

Cognitive behavioral stress management for parents: Prevention and reduction of parental burnout

ContextParental burnout increases the risk of deleterious consequences on parents’, couples’, and children's physical and mental health. MethodsThe current study (N = 134) aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioural Stress Management (CBSM) group programme in terms of parental burnout reduction. In total 67 parents attended the 8-week CBSM intervention groups, and another 67 parents were assigned to the waiting-list control group. We compared the effectiveness of the CBSM intervention with a waiting-list control group directly after the end of the programme and at three-months follow-up. ResultsThe results showed that compared to the control group the CBSM programme contributed to the reduction of parental burnout symptoms with statistically significant and small effect size. Moreover, the contrast analyses showed that the reduction in parental burnout severity was maintained at 3 month-follow-up. The reduction in parental burnout scores was mediated by the decrease in stress and the increase in unconditional self-kindness. ConclusionsThese results highlight the potential benefits of the CBSM programme for parental burnout prevention and reduction.

Impact of Using Mobile Applications on the Psychological Wellbeing of Nurses to Reduce Job Stress and Burnout: Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of using mobile applications among nurses for reducing their stress and burnout after pandemic by conducting a meta-analysis. In other words, it can be stated that mobile applications have already been researched to be effective in the reduction of stress and burnout. However, it can be stated that no specific meta-analysis was done in this specific field of study and therefore the present research was based on a secondary research design. Methods: The study follows a systematic review research design in this research study. Primary studies with RCT designs were collected for this research study. RevMan tool was used for performing meta-analysis. Finally, five research studies were retrieved published between 2021 to 2022, to perform the meta-analysis. Quantitative data was collected for this research study. Results: The findings have revealed that there is a specific association between the use of mobile applications-based interventions in the reduction of nursing stress and job burnout effects. All the mobile app interventions except one, were observed to be effective in the reduction of stress and burnout in nursing. The pooled estimate showed χ2 = 0.5 which states that the value is statistically significant. Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be stated that this research study has successfully addressed the aim and study objectives. However, future research studies can be conducted to be dependent on primary research designs.

Identifying threats and opportunities for teleworking of both working couples during the corona outbreak

Background and Aim: As the lockdown or stay-at-home measures began, a large portion of the workforce was ordered to stay home and continue to work remotely. The purpose of the current research was to identify the threats and opportunities of remote work for both working couples during the outbreak of Corona. Methods: The present research method was qualitative using descriptive phenomenological method. The statistical population included teleworking couples, both employed, who had referred to counseling centers in Kerman. Among these, interviews were conducted with the couples using the available targeted sampling method, and the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Qualitative data were collected using descriptive phenomenological method and semi-structured interview. Then the data was analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: The results of content analysis of data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews showed that the lived experience of both working couples included two sub-themes of threats and opportunities. Conclusion: The sub-theme of opportunities is divided into the following categories: reducing wasted time, flexibility in allocating time, increasing planning ability, peace of mind due to the lack of direct supervision, cost savings, greater independence, stress reduction, and reduction of burnout and fatigue. The sub-theme of threats included the following categories: procrastination; Lack of focus on work; lack of focus on marital relationship; Social isolation; Ambiguity in responsibilities; Decreased motivation to work; reduction of work productivity; reducing the efficiency of group work; Ambiguity in roles; Ambiguity in the specific time of responsibilities; Decreased social bonding and perceived social support.

Evaluation of cognitive and educational-motivational indexes affecting on human resource risk management

Introduction: Human resource management in any organization is the main key to achieving the goals of the organization; because new ideas for prosperity and innovation are the achievement of new products. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluation of cognitive and educational-motivational indexes affecting human resource risk management. Method: The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population included all the employees of Tejarat Bank of Tehran province in 2021. 310 people were selected as a statistical sample using the cluster sampling method. The demographic characteristics and human resource risk management questionnaires were distributed and collected after completion. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model method were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was done using SmartPLS software version 4 and Spss software version 20. Results: The results showed that the cognitive index with 7 components and the educationalmotivational index with 6 components have a significant relationship (0.77 to 0.84) with human resources risk management. Also, the current research showed that the cognitive indexes of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, reduction of job burnout, and educational-motivational index of job productivity has a significant and direct effect on human resource risk management (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, reduction of job burnout and job productivity have an important effect on human resource risk management, so that, the people who have more freedom of action and participation in decision-making can increase the satisfaction, awareness, and motivation of employee's.