Reduction In Body Fat Percentage Research Articles

Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on health-related physical fitness in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Background/ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the effects of two combined training methods on health-related physical fitness components in adolescents. MethodsSeventy-six adolescents (16.1 ± 1.1 years, n = 44 female) were randomized into groups of moderate-intensity continuous training combined with resistance training (MICT + RT), high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training (HIIT + RT), or Control. The training sessions were performed twice weekly for 12 weeks. The health-related physical fitness components evaluated were: body composition, muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. ResultsThe intervention groups had a significant reduction in body fat percentage and improvement in abdominal repetitions and VO2peak after 12 weeks of combined exercise program (p < 0.001). Intervention effects were found to significantly reduce body fat percentage for the MICT + RT and HIIT + RT groups compared to the control group (mean difference: −3.8; 95% CI: −6.2; −1 0.3; mean difference: −4.7; 95%CI: −7.1; −2.3, respectively). For muscle fitness, significant effects of the intervention were found in increasing the number of abdominal repetitions favoring the MICT + RT group compared to the control group (mean difference: 9.5; 95% CI: 4.4; 14.7) and HIIT + RT compared to the control group (mean difference: 14.1; 95% CI 9; 19.3). For cardiorespiratory fitness, significant effects of the intervention on improving VO2peak were found in the experimental groups (MICT + RT vs Control group: mean difference: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.2; 6.6; and HIIT + RT vs. Control group: mean difference: 5.5, 95% CI: 3.3; 7.7). ConclusionThe results suggest that 12 weeks of training using MCIT + RT or HIIT + RT showed a similar effect for health-related physical fitness components in adolescents.

Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

SummaryTo systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance‐based exercise programs on body composition, regional adiposity, and body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in nine electronic databases up to December 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects model. One‐hundred sixteen articles describing 114 trials (n = 4184 participants) were included. Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage (ES = −3.8%, 95% CI: −4.7 to −2.9%, p < 0.001) and whole‐body fat mass (ES = −5.3 kg, 95% CI: −7.2 to −3.5 kg, p < 0.001) compared with groups without intervention. Significant results were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise (ES = −2.3% and −1.4 kg, p < 0.001) and resistance training alone (ES = −1.6% and −1.0 kg, p < 0.001) compared with no training controls. Resistance training alone was the most effective for increasing lean mass compared with no training controls (ES = 0.8 kg, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0 kg, p < 0.001), whereas lean mass was maintained following interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction (ES = ~ − 0.3 kg, p = 0.550–0.727). Results were consistently observed across age and sex groups (p = 0.001–0.011). Reductions in regional adiposity and body weight measures were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise and programs including caloric restriction (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that resistance‐based exercise programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program when caloric restriction is utilized in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Randomized Controlled Study of Factors Influencing Body Composition and Exercise Quality of Male Adolescents Aged 13–15 Years Based onCross-Lagged Models: Obesity Level, Salivary Testosterone, and Exercise Combined with Caloric Restriction Intervention

Background: Obesity is a worldwide health problem with many disadvantages for children and adolescents, especially for the sexual development of boys. Exercise and caloric restriction are effective in improving obesity; however, the factors influencing these improvements should be studied in detail. We conducted a randomized controlled study of factors affecting changes in body composition and physical capacity in males aged 13–15 years. Methods: Subjects were divided into three groups based on body fat percentage (BFP), and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. The experimental conditions of this study were based on an exercise camp with a 12-week closed training period. The intervention group received a combination of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and caloric restriction. All subjects were uniformly housed and had a standard time for diet and rest, whereas the control group performed their coursework during the exercise intervention time and had no dietary restrictions. The subjects were tested for body composition and physical capacity before and after the intervention. Results: The effect of exercise training and energy-restricted diets on fat loss and physical capacity was limited to relatively lower extremity explosive strength and cardiorespiratory endurance, with a significant effect on body composition. Fat mass reduction was influenced by obesity with a high level of individual variability, with higher levels of obesity resulting in greater reductions in fat mass. The reduction in BFP was not affected by the level of obesity, and there was a mild causal relationship with salivary testosterone (ST) in the intervention group but not in the control group. ST was predictive of future BFP in exercisers; individuals with high ST had a greater reduction in BFP under conditions of prolonged exercise and caloric restriction. Conclusions: More obese male adolescents can obtain greater fat mass reduction with the intervention, but fat-free mass and exercise quality are minimally affected by the level of obesity. Adolescent males with higher ST ground tend to gain improvements in body composition, and ST can be predictive of future BFP but needs to be in the context of an exercise intervention.

Effect of milk protein concentrate supplementation on body composition and biochemical markers during a resistance training program

This study aimed to formulate a milk protein concentrate (MPC) and evaluate the effect of this MPC supplementation on body composition, lipid profile, and product acceptability in resistance training (RT) practitioners. The physical, chemical and sensory properties were then analyzed. To evaluate the effect of the MPC supplementation on resistance training practitioners, 30 males were divided into two groups: a control group and an intervention group. Then the participants in the intervention group were supplemented with 500 mL of the MPC (250 mL pre-RT and 250 mL post-RT). Body composition (weight, height, and skinfolds) and biochemical markers (cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured at baseline and at 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment. Body composition results showed that the MPC supplementation during a RT program significantly (p < 0.05) reduced body fat percentage and fat mass, and increased lean mass in RT practitioners. Characterization of the MPC revealed low fat (3.32 ± 0.08%) and carbohydrates (4.58 ± 0.59%), and high protein (18.51 ± 0.51%) concentrations. Additionally, the product showed satisfactory acceptability index (> 71%). Thus, the MPC supplementation contributed to reduction of fat percentage, fat mass, and increase of lean mass in RT practitioners, without lipid profile alterations.

Interventions for Improving Body Composition in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the most effective intervention for improving body composition outcomes in prostate cancer patients during or after treatment. A systematic search was undertaken in multiple databases from inception to December 2020. Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise/physical activity and/or nutrition interventions on body composition and body weight measures in prostate cancer patients were included. The primary endpoints were both whole-body and regional fat mass and lean mass measures, with body weight and BMI as secondary outcomes. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the clustering effect of intervention modalities or control groups on the outcomes of interest. The study protocol is publicly available on PROSPERO (CRD42020202339). Fifty articles describing 47 trials (n = 3207) were included. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic exercise were the most effective interventions to reduce body fat percentage (-0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.4% to -0.3%) and fat mass (-0.5 kg; 95% CI, -0.9 to -0.1 kg), respectively. For whole-body and regional lean mass, combined resistance and aerobic exercise + healthy diet (0.6 kg; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0 kg) and resistance training alone (0.7 kg, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0 kg) were the best intervention, respectively. A low-fat diet was the most effective for reducing body weight immediately after or at follow-up, while no intervention promoted significant reductions in BMI. These results indicate that a resistance-based exercise program alone or combined with a general healthy diet are the most effective interventions for improving overall body composition in men with prostate cancer.

Effect of body weight training plus low carbohydrate diet versus running plus low carbohydrate diet on body fat percentage changes in overweight and obese young man

This study aims to determine the effect of body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet on reducing body fat percentage in overweight and obese young man. The research used pretest posttest group design experimental method. The sample consisted of 30 young man divided into two groups that had been strictly selected. Their body fat percentage was measured before and after the research program. The result was analyzed through paired sample t-test at a significance level of α 0.05 and the average difference test (independent sample t-test posttest) to get a better result. This study shows that body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet and running combined with a low carbohydrate diet have a significant effect on decreasing body fat percentage, but running combined with a low carbohydrate diet is better at reducing body fat percentage compared with body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet. Overweight and obese young man can apply body weight training combined with a low carbohydrate diet or run combined with a low carbohydrate diet to reduce body fat percentage, but to get the results of a reduction in body fat percentage running and low carbohydrate diets is more recommended.

Association Between Different Domains of Physical Activity and Body Adiposity Indicators in Breast Cancer Survivors

BackgroundTo analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and adiposity indicators in breast cancer survivors. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, composed of 115 breast cancer (BC) survivors. Measurements of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were objectively collected, as well as the analysis of body fat percentage through bioelectrical impedance analysis. The PA level was assessed by the Baecke questionnaire including domains related to occupational activity, leisure-time activity, and transportation, while the time spent in sedentary behavior was assessed through self-reported screen-time. Socioeconomic status was assessed through the Brazilian criteria for economic classification and considered as a covariate. ResultsBC survivors with higher PA levels in leisure-time activity/sport presented reductions in body fat percentage (β = 1.13%; CI = -2.06; -0.21), BMI (β = 0.80 kg/m²; CI = -1.50; -0.11), WC (β = 1.89 cm; CI = -3.54; -0.23), and waist-to-height ratio (β = 0.13 cm; CI = -0.23; -0.02). Similar values were observed in PA during transportation and in total. There was no correlation between PA at work and adiposity indicators. ConclusionDifferent PA domains were inversely related to body adiposity in BC survivors.

Prediction of a 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Turkish population: A cross-sectional study.

According to the International Diabetes Federation, Turkey will be among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2045, with a speculated number of cases of 10.4 million.This study aimed to predict the 10-year risk of type 2 DM in a Turkish population, assess potential factors of the 10-year risk of DM, and assess the outcomes of Turkey's 2015 to 2020 program for DM.Individuals aged 20–64 years were categorized and stratified according to age (in ranges of 5 years), sex, and populations of family medicine centers to reflect the whole population. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, sociodemographic characteristics, body fat, muscle, bone ratio, blood pressure, and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated.We found that 9.5% (n = 71) of the population aged 20 to 64 years will have DM within the next 10 years. Low levels of education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–4.174), smoking cessation (OR: 2.636; 95% CI: 1.260–5.513), a waist-to-height ratio >0.5 (OR: 6.885; 95% CI: 2.301–20.602), body fat percentage (OR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.130–1.247), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.009–1.041), and alcohol consumption (beta-estimation: −0.690; OR: 0.501; 95% CI: 0.275–0.914) affect the 10-year risk of type 2 DM.Individuals at risk for DM can be easily identified using risk assessment tools in primary care; however, there is no active screening program in the healthcare system, and only proposals exist. In addition to screening, preventive measures should focus on raising awareness of DM, reducing body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and decreasing the waist-to-height ratio to <0.5.

The impact a Mediterranean Diet in the third trimester of pregnancy has on neonatal body fat percentage.

Maternal diet during pregnancy has long been recognised as an important determinant of neonatal outcomes and child development. Infant body composition is a potentially modifiable risk factor for predicting future health and metabolic disease. Utilising the Mediterranean Diet Score, this study focused on how different levels of Mediterranean Diet adherence (MDA) in pregnancy influence body fat percentage of the infant. Information on 458 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy and their infants was obtained from The ORIGINS Project. The data included MDA score, body composition measurements using infant air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD), pregnancy, and birth information. Infants born to mothers with high MDA had a body fat percentage of 11.3%, whereas infants born to mothers with low MDA had a higher body fat percentage of 13.3% (p = 0.010). When adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index and infant sex, a significant result remained between high vs. low MDA and infant fat mass (FM) (2.5% less FM p = 0.016). This study suggests that high MDA in pregnancy was associated with a reduced body fat percentage in the newborn. Future studies are needed to understand whether small but significant changes in FM persist throughout childhood.

ASAM KLOROGENAT PADA KOPI DAN OBESITAS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Chlorogenic Acid in Coffee and Obesity: A Systematic Review

Obesity are defined as excessive fat accumulation caused of imbalance energy in and energy out. Consuming a cup of coffee can help prevent obesity through chlorogenic acid compound. Chlorogenic acid is one of biactive component that has an important role to our body. Chlorogenic acid has a potential role in body weight reduction and preventing obesity. Chlorogenic acid has an effect to inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestine, block the conversion of glucose to fat in the adipose tissue and protect from weight gain. Chlorogenic acid that contain in coffee has a differences that depend on variety, type, roasting duration, temperature and coffee bean size. Based on several studies, giving chlorogenic acid as a form of supplementation or green coffee extract has demonstrated a consistent result. Those studies explain that chlorogenic acid in coffee can inhibit body fat accumulation and reducing body weight. The aim of this systematical review was to know the contain of chlorogenic acid in coffee and analyze the effect of giving chlorogenic acid to obesity. The experimental studies in human and animal subjects in the last 15 years as inclusion criteria and studies that is not represent the anthropometry result as exclusion criteria through electronic database were comprehensively reviewed. The result from five studies demonstrated that chlorogenic acid has an effect to reduce body weight, reduce body fat percentage, and reduce blood glucose concentration with the duration and chlorogenic acid dosage differently. Chlorogenic acid has many benefits in improving the obesity.

Use of a Mobile Lifestyle Intervention App as an Early Intervention for Adolescents With Obesity: Single-Cohort Study.

BackgroundEffective, resource-efficient treatment is urgently needed to address the high rates of pediatric and adolescent obesity. This need has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of a mobile health tool as an early intervention before a clinic-based multidisciplinary weight management program could be an effective treatment strategy that is appropriate during a pandemic.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of and adolescent engagement with a mobile app–based lifestyle intervention program as an early intervention before enrollment in a clinic-based multidisciplinary weight management program.MethodsThis prospective single-cohort study involved adolescents, aged 10-16 years, who were overweight and obese (defined as BMI percentile above the 85th percentile). Participants used the mobile Kurbo app as an early intervention before enrolling in a clinic-based multidisciplinary weight management program. Kurbo’s health coaches provided weekly individual coaching informed by a model of supportive accountability via video chat, and participants self-monitored their health behavior. The implementation of Kurbo as an early intervention was evaluated using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework by reach (number who consented to participate out of all patients approached), implementation (Kurbo engagement and evaluation), and effectiveness as measured by the primary outcome of the BMI z-score at 3 months. Secondary outcome measures included changes in body fat percentage, nutrition and physical activity levels, and quality of life at 3 months. Maintenance was defined as the outcome measures at 6-month follow-up.ResultsOf the 73 adolescents who were approached for enrollment, 40 (55%) of adolescents were recruited. The mean age was 13.8 (SD 1.7) years, and the mean BMI z-score was 2.07 (SD 0.30). In the multiethnic Asian sample, 83% (33/40) of the participants had household incomes below the national median. Kurbo engagement was high, with 83% (33/40) of participants completing at least 7 coaching sessions. In total, 78% (18/23) of participants rated the app as good to excellent and 70% (16/23) stated that they would recommend it to others. There were no statistically significant changes in BMI z-scores at 3 months (P=.19) or 6 months (P=.27). Participants showed statistically significant improvements in measured body fat percentage, self-reported quality of life, and self-reported caloric intake from the 3-day food diaries at 3 and 6 months.ConclusionsThe use of Kurbo before enrollment in an outpatient multidisciplinary clinical care intervention is a feasible strategy to expand the reach of adolescent obesity management services to a low-income and racially diverse population. Although there was no significant change in BMI z-scores, the use of Kurbo as an early intervention could help to improve quality of life and reduce body fat percentage and total caloric intake.

The Effect of Resistance Training in Healthy Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Resistance training is the gold standard exercise mode for accrual of lean muscle mass, but the isolated effect of resistance training on body fat is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training for body composition outcomes in healthy adults. Our primary outcome was body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body fat mass and visceral fat. Systematic review with meta-analysis. We searched five electronic databases up to January 2021. We included randomised trials that compared full-body resistance training for at least 4weeks to no-exercise control in healthy adults. We assessed study quality with the TESTEX tool and conducted a random-effects meta-analysis, with a subgroup analysis based on measurement type (scan or non-scan) and sex (male or female), and a meta-regression for volume of resistance training and training components. From 11,981 records, we included 58 studies in the review, with 54 providing data for a meta-analysis. Mean study quality was 9/15 (range 6-15). Compared to the control, resistance training reduced body fat percentage by - 1.46% (95% confidence interval - 1.78 to - 1.14, p < 0.0001), body fat mass by - 0.55kg (95% confidence interval - 0.75 to - 0.34, p < 0.0001) and visceral fat by a standardised mean difference of - 0.49 (95% confidence interval - 0.87 to - 0.11, p = 0.0114). Measurement type was a significant moderator in body fat percentage and body fat mass, but sex was not. Training volume and training components were not associated with effect size. Resistance training reduces body fat percentage, body fat mass and visceral fat in healthy adults. osf.io/hsk32.

COVID-19, Home Training for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people's physical activity has declined by 35% because their time spent at home has increased. Decreased physical activity can increase both the number of people with type 2 diabetes annually by more than 11.1 million and the number of deaths by more than 1.7 million. Thus, exercise is important during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in relation to diabetes. If a person with the COVID-19 virus lacks exercise, the risk of hospitalization is increased by 2.2 times and the risk of death by 2.5 times. In the context of COVID-19, the purpose of home training for patients with diabetes mellitus is to reduce body fat percentage, increase muscle function and mass, and improve insulin resistance. The recommended home training program is a circuit-based exercise regime that combines aerobic exercise and strength exercise. In addition, muscle stretching exercises are recommended for home training programs to increase muscle function. Keywords: Circuit-based exercise; Diabetes mellitus; type 2; Exercise; Muscle stretching exercises

Effects of Daily Kelp (Laminaria japonica) Intake on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Levels, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.

To investigate whether supplementation with iodine-reduced kelp (Laminaria japonica) powder decreases body fat composition in overweight Japanese subjects, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 50 Japanese subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m2. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume thirty tablets/d (10 tablets orally, 3 times/d) containing either iodine-reduced kelp powder (test, 6 g kelp powder corresponding to 3 g alginate/d) or kelp-free powder (placebo) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, and serum thyroid hormone levels were obtained before and after the trial. Body fat percentage was significantly decreased in male subjects from the test group compared with the placebo group. The same tendency was observed for body weight (p = 0.065) and BMI (p = 0.072) in male subjects. No significant changes in anthropometric measurements or visceral fat area were observed in female subjects. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations did not increase after 1.03 mg/d of iodine supplementation through kelp intake. The intake of iodine-reduced kelp powder led to significant and safe reductions in body fat percentage in overweight male subjects. The consumption of kelp high in alginate may contribute to preventing obesity without influencing thyroid function in Japanese subjects with a relatively high intake of iodine from seaweed.

Effects of Daily Mixed Nut Consumption on Cardiometabolic Parameters in Overweight and Obese Adults

Inclusion of nuts in the diet is recommended by nutritionists due to the protective effects on chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have examined the effects of individual types of nuts but there is limited research evaluating if the beneficial effects can be extended to consumption of a nut mixture, which is more practically relevant. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of mixed nut consumption on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In a randomized controlled study, 29 obese or overweight participants (age 27.5±9.3 y, BMI 31.6±5.1 kg/m2) were asked to consume either 69 g of mixed nuts (n=15, 7 females) or 42.5 g of isocaloric unsalted pretzels (n=14, 7 females) daily for 16 weeks. Body weight, body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and blood biochemical markers (glucose, insulin, adiponectin, c-reactive protein (CRP), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), total antioxidant capacity and liver function enzymes) were measured at baseline, week 8 and week 16. Although mixed nut consumption did not have a significant impact on body weight or body mass index (BMI), it changed body composition with reduced body fat percentage (P<0.05). Both pretzel and mixed nut consumption lowered blood glucose (P<0.05). There was a trend towards increased adiponectin in mixed nuts while pretzels showed a trend towards decreased adiponectin (P=0.060). In addition, total antioxidant capacity had an increasing trend with mixed nut consumption (P=0.064). Mixed nut consumption resulted in a trend towards lower CRP in contrast to an increasing trend with pretzel consumption (P=0.066). There were no significant changes between the trials on insulin, HMGB1 and liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase). It is noteworthy that mixed nut consumption lowered body fat percentage without significant changes in body weight or BMI. Results indicate that the consumption of mixed nuts did not lead to a significant shift in many cardiometabolic markers; however, trends for CRP, adiponectin and total antioxidant capacity suggest an intervention with a larger sample size may be needed to observe significant changes that may contribute to human health.

Tregs facilitate obesity and insulin resistance via a Blimp-1-IL-10 axis

Abstract Adipose-resident Tregs protect against systemic inflammation and metabolic disease by limiting expansion of pro-inflammatory cells, preserving insulin sensitivity and maintaining glucose tolerance. Although their basic markers and roles have been studied, less is known about the transcriptional machinery regulating their differentiation and function. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) is a transcriptional regulator known to be involved in development, polarization, and maintenance of various immune cells including CD4+ T cells. Using Blimp-1 reporter mice, we discovered that Blimp-1 is constitutively expressed in a subset of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) Tregs, and that Blimp-1+ VAT Tregs are phenotypically distinct from their Blimp-1-counterparts. We also found that Treg-specific Blimp-1 deletion led to altered differentiation and function of VAT and inguinal adipose tissue Tregs. Surprisingly, during diet-induced obesity, Blimp-1 Treg deficient mice gained less weight, had reduced body fat percentage, and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, this was accompanied by upregulation of thermogenic genes such as Ucp1, Prdm16 and Dio2 in inguinal adipose tissue, and increased overall fatty acid oxidation. It has previously been shown that IL-10 can induce thermogenesis. Therefore, we repeated these experiments utilizing mice with Treg-specific deletion of IL-10 and found that they phenocopied the Blimp-1 Treg deficient mice. Based on these results, we hypothesize that cross-talk between Tregs and adipocytes via a Blimp-1-IL-10 axis suppresses thermogenesis, and that absence of Blimp-1+ Tregs is metabolically protective during diet-induced obesity.

A Study Using Ultrasonography as an Assessment Tool to Compare the Effectiveness of a Structured Land and Aquatic Based Exercise Program on Overweight and Obese Health-Care Professionals

Context: Overweight and obesity being a health hazard for people of any age and profession requires an effective treatment protocol for weight loss. The benefits of land and aquatic exercises on obesity have been researched individually. Clinical trials are lacking where effectiveness of a structured exercise program in water and on land was compared for weight loss on health care professionals. Aim: The present study aims to compare the effectiveness between structured land and aquatic-based exercises on anthropometric measures, serum lipid level, and body fat. Settings and Design: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the tertiary health-care center of Belagavi. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two overweight or obese health care professionals were recruited for the study. Participants were divided into two groups, i.e., aquatic and land exercise group. An exercise program for 6 days a week for 3 week was performed. The study outcomes included were ultrasonographic assessment of abdominal obesity along with blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Statistical Analysis used: SPSS Version 23.0 was used for analysis. Pre and post data were compared and analyzed using paired t-test. Results: Statistically significant reduction in body fat percentage with respect to anthropometric measurements, serum lipid levels, and fat thickness was observed in both the groups. However, there was a greater change in the mean difference of the aqua group as compared to the land group which suggests structured exercises in water are more effective than on land. Conclusions: The current study concludes that a structured exercise program for 3 weeks in water for overweight and obese health-care professionals showed better outcomes compared to land exercises.

Effects of Exercise on Myocardial Damage and Heart Failure Due to Hypoxia Induced by Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obesity and intermittent hypoxia (IH) occurring during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are two independent risk factors for impaired ventricular function; cardiac dysfunction is exacerbated when the two factors co-occur. Regular exercise provides beneficial effects to attenuate cardiac fibrosis by reducing body fat percentage and preventing adipokine dysregulation. However, the mechanisms by which myokines, muscle-derived factors released during exercise, play a role in the prevention of IH-induced cardiac dysfunction, are still unclear. This study investigates the effects of myokines on ventricular dysfunction. The important role that myokines play in cardiac function in patients with OSA is discussed in the literature review. The conclusion of this study is that in obese individuals, excess adipose tissues trigger the dysregulation of adipokines. This dysregulation leads to myocardial inflammation, resulting in left ventricular dysfunction. Physical activity induces an increase in energy expenditure and triggers the release of myokines into the circulation by skeletal muscles, accelerating lipid metabolism, and improving the altered secretion profiles of adipokines. This process helps to alleviate myocardial inflammation and prevents the impairment of ventricular function. The paper suggests that future studies can investigate the effects of myokines on lipid metabolism, including how to reduce fat deposition and alleviate inflammation efficiently. In effect, muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) can be considered as anti-inflammatory mediators. This similarity provides support for advocating that regular exercise provides cardioprotective effects against cardiac function impairment in obese patients with OSA.

Effect of a combination of aerobic exercise and dietary modification on liver function in overweight and obese men

Background: Obesity is not only associated with cardiovascular diseases but also a primary cause of liver dysfunction and other related diseases. This study's aim was to determine the impact of a combination of dietary modification and aerobic exercise on liver function in overweight and obese adult males. Methods: 45 overweight or obese men were randomly divided between the control group (n = 22) and intervention group (n = 23). Subjects in the intervention group were provided with dietary modification and aerobic exercise programmes. Dietary modification is a diet which restricts calorie intake and balances nutrients. Before and after 12 weeks of intervention, participants' anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters relating to liver function including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. Results: 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and dietary modification resulted in average weight loss of 10.6%, and body mass index, waist circumference and fat percentage decreased by 10.2%, 9.4% and 14.5% (P &lt; 0.05). AST, ALT, GGT and ALP in the intervention group reduced by 20.6%, 18.1%, 37.7% and 6.1% (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the control group, AST, ALT, GGT and ALP in the intervention group were markedly lower (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, there was a markedly positive relationship between the reduction rates of body weight and GGT (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and dietary modification caused significant weight, waist circumference and body fat percentage reduction in overweight and obese men and their liver function was improved. The findings can provide a scientific reference for the improvement of liver function and prevention of liver diseases among overweight and obese people.

Whole Egg Vs. Egg White Ingestion During 12 weeks of Resistance Training in Trained Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Bagheri, R, Moghadam, BH, Ashtary-Larky, D, Forbes, SC, Candow, DG, Galpin, AJ, Eskandari, M, Kreider, RB, and Wong, A. Whole egg vs. egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training in trained young males: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 411-419, 2021-The primary purpose was to compare the effects of whole egg ingestion and egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on muscle cross-sectional area, body composition, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in resistance-trained young males. A secondary purpose was to examine systemic hormonal responses. Thirty resistance-trained young males were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: Whole eggs + RT (WER; n = 15) or egg whites + RT (ERT; n = 15). Whole eggs + RT ingested 3 whole eggs immediately following RT, whereas ERT ingested an isonitrogenous quantity consisting of 6 egg whites immediately following RT. Before and after 12 weeks of whole-body undulating periodized RT (3 sessions per week), knee extensor muscle mass and cross-sectional area (computed tomography), lean body mass and body fat percentage (bioelectrical impedance), muscular strength (knee extension, handgrip strength), Wingate (cycle ergometer), and serum concentrations of hormones were assessed. There was a significant group × time interaction for body fat percentage, serum testosterone, knee extension, and handgrip strength with greater improvements observed in WER. There was a significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) for knee extensor muscle mass, cross-sectional area, lean body mass, anaerobic power, and all other blood hormones. There was a trend (p = 0.06) in the WER group for having a greater change in lean body mass compared with that of ERT. Postexercise whole egg ingestion increases knee extension and handgrip strength, testosterone, and reduces body fat percentage compared with postexercise egg white ingestion, despite no group differences in muscle mass, in resistance-trained young males. Whole eggs consumption may be preferable during RT programs geared toward the improvement of muscular strength and body fat percentage.