Reduction Of Bacterial Contamination Research Articles

Evaluation of Sterify Gel as an Adjunctive Treatment to Scaling and Root Planing in Promoting Healing of Periodontal Pockets: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Periodontal disease is a common infectious disease that leads to the destruction of tooth-supporting structures. Current treatments, such as scaling and root planing (SRP), have limitations in deep and complex pockets, and antibiotic use carries the risk of resistance. Sterify Gel, a medical device composed of polyvinyl polymers, hydroxytyrosol, nisin, and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, offers a new approach to periodontal care. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Sterify Gel as an adjunctive treatment to SRP in promoting the healing of periodontal pockets. The study includes 34 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontal disease. Randomization assigned one site for SRP alone (control) and the other site for SRP with Sterify Gel (treatment). Periodontal parameters were evaluated at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment bacterial contamination was assessed through quantitative PCR at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Wilcoxon test. Treatment with Sterify Gel and SRP demonstrated significant improvements in pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level compared with SRP alone. Bleeding and plaque indexes, pain perception, tooth mobility, and furcations showed no significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group showed a reduction in bacterial contamination at 3 months. Sterify Gel in combination with SRP shows the potential for improving periodontal health by promoting healing and reducing periodontal pockets. It may offer benefits in preventing bacterial recolonization and reducing reliance on antibiotics.

New patient privacy curtains to provide passive infection prevention

Cloth privacy curtains represent a potentially overlooked high touch surface. Inconsistent cleaning schedules paired with frequent contact allow curtains to provide a surface for the transmission of healthcare associated pathogens. Privacy curtains integrated with antimicrobial and sporicidal agents are shown to reduce the number of bacteria found on the surface of the curtains. The purpose of this initiative is to utilize antimicrobial and sporicidal privacy curtains to mitigate the transmission of healthcare associated pathogens from curtains to patients. The pre/post-test study design compared the bacterial and sporicidal burden of cloth curtains to the bacterial and sporicidal burden of Endurocide curtains following 20-weeks of use within the inpatient setting of a large military medical hospital. The Endurocide curtains were installed on two inpatient units in the organization. We also compared the overall costs associated with the two different types of curtains. The antimicrobial and sporicidal curtains had a significant reduction in bacterial contamination (32.6 CFUs vs 0.56 CFUs, P < 0.05) after instillation on both units. There were no additional hospital associated infections during the study period. In addition, the direct cost savings of replacing the antimicrobial and sporicidal curtains is estimated to be $20,079.38 annually with a reduction of 66.95 hours in environmental services workload. These curtains represent a cost-effective intervention effective at reducing CFUs with the potential to mitigate the transmission of hospital associated pathogens to patients.

Application of floating wetlands for the improvement of degraded urban waters: Findings from three multi-year pilot-scale installations

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are an emerging ecological engineering technology being applied the restoration of eutrophic urban water bodies. Documented water-quality benefits of FTW include nutrient removal, transformation of pollutants, and reduction in bacterial contamination. However, translating findings from short-duration lab and mesocosm scale experiments, into sizing criteria that might be applied to field installations is not straightforward. This study presents the results of three well established (>3 years) pilot-scale (40–280 m2) FTW installations in Baltimore, Boston, and Chicago. We quantify annual phosphorus removal through harvesting of above-ground vegetation and find an average removal rate of 2 g-P m−2. In our own study and in a review of literature, we find limited evidence of enhanced sedimentation as a pathway for phosphorus removal. In addition to water-quality benefits, FTW planted with native species, provide valuable wetland habitat; and theoretically improve ecological function. We document efforts to quantify the local effect of FTW installations on benthic and sessile macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, bloom-forming cyanobacteria, and fish. Data from these three projects suggest that, even on a small scale, FTW produce localized changes in biotic structure that reflect improving environmental quality. This study provides a simple and defensible method for sizing FTW for nutrient removal in eutrophic waterbodies. We propose several key research pathways which would advance our understanding of the effects FTW have on the ecosystem they are deployed in.

Isolamento, identificação molecular e controle in vitro de bacterias endógenas de Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied.

ABSTRACT Campomanesia rufa (O. Berg) Nied. is a Myrtaceae species native to the Brazilian Cerrado. As C. rufa is considered endangered, in vitro propagation is an alternative for its conservation. However, the lack of effective disinfection protocols for endophytic microorganisms naturally present in plant tissues hinders the success of micropropagation. In this context, the objective of this study was to isolate, molecular identify, and control endogenous occurring bacteria of C. rufa propagated in vitro. Purified PCR products of bacterial isolates were sequenced by the Sanger method and aligned with homologous sequences using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) available in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. MEGA7 software was used to align all sequences and to draw phylogenetic trees. Survival, shoot height, and efficiency of antibiotics (streptomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol) at different concentrations in the culture medium were evaluated. Different Bacillus sp. strains were observed in the plant tissues. When testing the control of Bacillus sp. with antibiotics, 32 mg L-1 ampicillin caused a significant reduction in bacterial contamination with no effect on explant survival. On the other hand, 256 mg L-1 streptomycin caused the greatest reduction in contamination but was lethal to over 90% of the explants. This study is the first report on the occurrence of endogenous bacteria and their control in the context of in vitro native species conservation.

Pulsatile lavage systems and their potential to penetrate soft tissue

BackgroundIn orthopedic and trauma surgery, pulsatile lavage systems are used to clean soft tissue. This may be necessary in septic surgeries or in case of contaminated wounds after trauma. Positive features such as reduction of bacterial contamination and removal of foreign particles are counterbalanced by negative aspects such as bacterial seeding in deeper tissue layers, damage to various tissues and even cases of air embolism.PurposeThe aim of this prospective experimental in vitro study was to compare impact pressure and flow rate in three different pulsatile lavage systems and to determine, whether these parameters alter their ability to reach deeper soft tissue layers.MethodsTo test the penetration of soft tissue, the muscle tissue was flushed with contrast medium instead of saline fluid and afterwards scanned by computed tomography.ResultsImpact pressure and flow rate showed significant differences between the different systems. There were no significant differences between the three devices in terms of total penetration volume, but there were significant differences in penetration depth.ConclusionIn this study, we found that higher impact pressure leads to deeper penetration and therefore bacteria are likely to be transferred to deeper tissue layers.

Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages from Wastewater against Listeria monocytogenes

Background and Aims: In the current study, two bacteriophages were isolated from the wastewater sources and characterized by lytic activity against the Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) bacterium.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 50 wastewater samples were collected from the disposal sites. The phages were isolated from the treated samples using the double agar overlay method with L. monocytogenes as the host bacterium. Plaque morphology, temperature, pH, titration of phage lysate, host range, and scanning electron microscopic morphology were used to characterize the isolated phages.&#x0D; Results: Bacteriophage was found in two samples taken from wastewater treatment plants. Phages were proliferated and released under optimal bacterial growth conditions at pH 7; 37 °C in 36-hour incubation. A 10:1 ratio of bacterial cells to phage produced the greatest lytic ability. The highest phage titrated under optimal conditions was estimated at 9×109 pfu/ml. The scanning electron microscopic image revealed a bacteriophage morphology corresponding to the head and tail group. The host range observations demonstrated that L. monocytogenes were unique to the isolated phage. The elimination of L. monocytogenes growth in milk and whey samples revealed that this bacteriophage targeted bacteria and resulted in a 75% reduction in bacterial contamination.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results suggest that the phages obtained from L. monocytogenes may be utilized to combat this pathogen in dairy, agri-food, wastes, and other associated infections.

EP403: Finding merit in impurity: Designing a cost-effective workflow for saliva genome sequencing

Saliva is often the specimen of choice when selecting a non-invasive sample type. Properly collected, saliva is more stable and convenient to ship than blood. However, DNA extracted from saliva is notorious for its bacterial contamination, with bacterial content as high as 50% in some collections. While a high percentage of bacterial DNA may not interfere with many genetic tests, it constitutes an obstacle for genome sequencing (GS) by consuming valuable sequencing space. We aimed at designing and implementing cost-effective processes that would enable us to offer PCR-free GS using saliva-derived DNA as a clinical test. Saliva specimens were provided by volunteers from HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology after written informed consent was obtained. Saliva specimens were collected with Oragene OGD-600 and OGD-675 kits (DNAgenotek). DNA was extracted with the QIAsymphony SP instrument. Libraries for PCR-free GS were generated using 0.5-1.5 μg of saliva-derived DNA with the TruSeq DNA PCR-free kit and IDT for Illumina TruSeq DNA Indices (Illumina). Sequencing was performed using the NovaSeq 6000 System, S4 flowcell, and v1.5 reagent kit. Data processing was performed with an in-house secondary pipeline that utilizes BWA-MEM (via Sentieon) for alignment, strelka2 for variant calling, and kraken2 for measuring percent human DNA versus percent bacterial contamination. Tertiary analysis was performed using an in-house tool, Codicem. Several development and optimization experiments were performed to assess: 1) input requirements for PCR-free GS from saliva-derived DNA; 2) correlation between percent aligned reads and percent human DNA; and 3) genome coverage requirements needed to accurately assess bacterial contamination. We have observed that an input of 0.5 - 1 μg can be used for saliva-derived DNA, consistent with inputs for blood-derived DNA. We also found that an initial low coverage run (1X) for saliva-derived DNA could be used to estimate bacterial contamination of a sample, and our analysis pipeline was able to accurately estimate percent human DNA at a coverage as low as 0.5X. The percent aligned reads differed largely between individuals due to high variability in bacterial DNA contamination. As expected, percent aligned reads correlated with percent human DNA (R2=0.998). The estimation of bacterial content could then be used to facilitate the most efficient sample processing by informing the amount of library required to achieve the desired coverage. We further investigated whether a different collection method of saliva allowed us to improve sequencing efficiency. A sponge collection kit (OGD-675) showed a substantial reduction in bacterial contamination with increase in percent human DNA and percent reads aligned compared to a spit collection kit (OGD-600). On average, human DNA content was 95.44% in sponge kits compared to 85.15% in spit kits. Furthermore, the distribution of percent aligned reads in GS data obtained from saliva specimens collected with sponge kits was much narrower than that for the samples collected with the spit kit (99.46-83.47% compared to 97.09-46.44%). Despite smaller collection volumes in sponge kits and subsequent lower total DNA yields (average of 7.8 μg in sponge kits compared to 12 μg in spit kits), we observed DNA amounts extracted from sponge kits to be sufficient for primary and confirmatory testing. A supplementary stability study performed using DNA isolated 0 and 31 days after collection showed that bacterial contamination did not significantly increase over time for either sponge or spit collection kits (average increase from 3.01% to 3.56% in sponge kits and from 10.27% to 12.31% in spit kits). However, we noted that percentage aligned reads decreased more during the 30 days of storage in samples with high bacterial contamination at initial extraction, with up to 8% increase in bacterial contamination observed for samples with initial human DNA content less than 60%. Consequently, we observed a narrower distribution of percentage aligned read changes over time in DNA isolated from the sponge collection kits (0.01-1.58% compared to 0.1-8.8%). HudsonAlpha Clinical Services Lab has validated PCR-free GS assay with saliva-derived DNA as an input. The workflow efficiency is increased due to the implementation of a preliminary sequencing to 1X coverage as a method to estimate bacterial contamination. This step allows us to triage samples and eliminate failures due to insufficient coverage, as well as balance sequencing pools to achieve desired coverage. As a result of our studies, we found that a sponge saliva collection kit provides sufficient DNA yields with relatively low bacterial contamination, making the sponge kit the preferred collection method for GS applications.

Fabrication of hydrophobic surfaces on Titanium using Micro-EDM exhibiting antibacterial properties

Microbial contamination on medical assistive devices has been the major challenge for biomedical industries. The present work is focused on producing patterned surfaces on commercially pure Titanium (cp-Ti) using Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (Micro-EDM) technique, and the feasibility of patterned surface in restricting bacterial growth. Geometrical patterning in form of micro-holes have been produced on cp-Ti biomaterials with Micro-EDM in two forms, one with 20 µm inter-distance forming a dense pattern and the other with 60 µm inter-distance forming a sparse pattern. The patterned surface establishes the degree of hydrophobicity as 130° and 106° for densely patterned and sparsely patterned surfaces respectively. Further, the effect of bacterial adhesion over the textured cp-Ti surfaces are challenged with model bacteria gram negative Escherichia coli (e.coli) in Luria broth (LB) agar media. The Colony Forming Unit (CFU) count obtained for densely patterned surface compared with that of non-patterned surface reflects 90% reduced bacterial growth. The instances of pattern formation and bacterial growth have been observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The enhanced material properties with micro-patterning that combat microbial activities on the biomaterial surface proves its efficacy in adoption for biomedical applications, with significant reduction in bacterial contamination on medical devices or implants, leading toward reduced healthcare risks and issues related to bacterial infections on the biomaterials.

Su1509 PREVENTION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF DUODENOSCOPES USING A DISPOSABLE ELEVATOR TIP

Recent reports from USA and Europe have documented increasing incidence of sepsis with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) caused by contaminated duodenoscopes. Reprocessing protocols in use seem to be inadequate in completely eradicating the microbial load in the duodenoscope. The elevator tip has been identified as a possible source for persistent contamination of the duodenoscope. In this study, we evaluated the role of a disposable elevator tip in the prevention of scope contamination. This was a case-control study conducted in a high volume tertiary center. To assess the impact of the elevator tip in bacterial contamination of the duodenoscope, two different scopes were used. In the first group, (control group) the standard duodenoscopes (Olympus TJFQ180V) was used, while in the second group(Test group) a duodenoscope with disposable elevator tip (Pentax ED3490TK) wherein the tip was replaced for every procedure, was used. Reprocessing was carried out by dedicated trained technicians in accordance with ESGE guidelines. Bacterial contamination was confirmed by performing surveillance cultures on the scopes as per CDC guidelines. The cultures for the test group were performed after disposal of the elevator tip. Contamination was defined as: (1) microbial growth more than 20 CFU of any type of microorganism(AM20) as used by the ESGE guidelines or (2) presence of microbial growth (more than 1 CFU/ 20mL of gastrointestinal and/or oral microorganisms(MGO). Patients were followed up after the procedure for cholangitis which was defined as 1) presence of fever (>38.0°C), abdominal pain, jaundice; 2) laboratory data suggestive of inflammation and biliary obstruction; and 3) no evidence of acute cholangtitis in the week prior to ERC. The prevalence of scope contamination, type of bacteria and procedure related cholangitis was compared between the two groups. A total of 88 cultures were taken of which, 55 cultures were from controls and 33 cultures were from test group. Overall, 39 (44%) and 21(24%) samples were contaminated as per AM20 criteria and MGO criteria respectively. A significantly higher proportion of contaminated scopes using both definitions were seen in controls as compared to the test group (Table 1). A total of 6 patients (10.5%) had cholangitis following procedure of which 4 patients were from the control group and two patients from the test group. Scope culture results correlated with post procedure cholangitis in the control group. Among the high priority organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common (10 positive samples each). The use of a disposable elevator tip resulted in significant reduction of bacterial contamination of the duodenoscope. Reduction in bacterial contamination of the duodenoscope resulted in reduced procedure related cholangitis.

Enhanced removal of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements during sewage sludge composting covered with a semi-permeable membrane

Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via air media, such as particulate matter, has been intensively investigated due to human exposure through inhalation. However, whether particulate matter originating from the atmospheric environment of composting plants can impact ARG abundance during composting is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of the atmospheric environment of composting plants on ARG abundance during sewage sludge composting using semi-permeable membrane-covered thermophilic composting (smTC) and conventional thermophilic composting (cTC). After smTC treatment, the total abundances of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) decreased by 42.1 % and 38.1 % compared with those of the initial phase, respectively, but they increased by 4.5- and 1.6-fold after cTC, respectively. This result suggested that smTC was more efficient at decreasing ARGs and MGEs than cTC, mainly due to a significant reduction in bacterial contamination from the atmospheric environment of composting plants that accelerated the resurgence of ARGs and MGEs. Furthermore, culture experiments demonstrated that the abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria during the mature phase of smTC were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the cTC treatment. Thus, covering composting with a semi-permeable membrane could decrease the risk of ARGs spreading.

Effects of Antibiotic Diluent Additives on the Motility Parameters and Morphological Integrity of Boar Sperm During Six Days of Storage

Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of antibiotic diluent additives on the motility and morphological integrity of diluted fresh boar semen during a six-day storage period. A total of 60 insemination doses, originating from two Landrace boars, were examined and allocated to control (C, n=30, diluted with BTS) and experimental groups (E, n=30, diluted with BTS upon antibiotic addition). The treatment applied exerted positive effects on the preservation of progressive motility, percentage of live sperm and HOS test results (70.24 vs. 66.53%, 71.54 vs. 69.77%, 67.35 vs. 64.17% and 64.10 vs. 54.26%;91.15 vs. 90.02%, 88.38 vs. 85.55%, 81.50 vs. 76.13% and 74.53 vs. 68.72%; and 93.35 vs. 92.40%, 91.04 vs. 88.02 %, 84.67 vs. 78.15% and 77.27 vs. 69.44% HOS+ sperm for the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th day of storage, respectively). The results obtained indicate that the treatment applied has a favourable effect on preserving the quality parameters of diluted fresh boar semen during storage, resulting most likely from a reduction of bacterial contamination.

Effect of a Infection Control Program on the Reduction of Bacterial Contamination on NG Tube Feeding in RCHEs

Effect of a Infection Control Program on the Reduction of Bacterial Contamination on NG Tube Feeding in RCHEs

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Microbial Decontamination, Crude Nutrient Content, and Mineral Nutrient Composition of Laboratory Animal Diets.

Laboratory animal models are an important part of test design. Certain conditions such as microbial contamination in diets of these models could affect the results of experiments. One of the most important routes that predispose to contamination is generated through feeding of laboratory animals. This study aimed to show the effect of gamma irradiation in reducing bacteria concentrations, crude nutrient content, and concentrations of some minerals and trace elements in laboratory animal diets. Large-sized pellets with 10&amp;ndash;15 mm diameter (commonly used for rats and hamsters) and small-sized pellets with 3&amp;ndash;5 mm diameter (used for rabbits and guinea pigs) along with skimmed milk powder (SMP) as a food additive were exposed to gamma irradiation with different doses ranging from 3 to 30 kGy. The total microbial contamination and any possible changes in some mineral nutrient composition and the crude nutrient content were determined pre- and post-irradiation. Our data revealed that 25 kGy in pelleted diets and 18 kGy in SKM had superior effects in the reduction of bacterial contamination with little change in crude nutrient content and minerals and trace elements in nutrient requirements of laboratory animals. According to the results, gamma irradiation had minimal effects on crude nutrient content and the concentrations of some minerals and trace elements of laboratory animal diets, and it also eliminated bacterial and fungal contamination load. By using gamma irradiation, this method could yield a favorable outcome in controlling microbial contamination of animal diets.

Improvement of the functionality of pancreatic Langerhans islets via reduction of bacterial contamination and apoptosis using phenolic compounds.

Objective(s): During type-1 diabetes treating by pancreatic islet transplantation, increasing oxidative stress and microbial contaminations are the main reasons of transplantation failure. In this study, we evaluated anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of phenolic compounds called ellagic acid (EA) and silybin on rat pancreatic islets. Materials and Methods:By doing MTT assay, effective concentrations of EA and silybin were determined as 1500 and 2100 μM, respectively. Then, ELISA methods, flow cytometry and MIC were done to investigate antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and antibacterial effects of those compounds, respectively.Results:Results of FITC Annexin-V and PI staining via flow cytometry, and also caspase-3 and -9 activities performed that EA has anti-apoptotic effects on pancreatic cells. Both compounds significantly diminished reactive oxygen species, and enhanced antioxidant power and insulin secretion. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration test indicated that these two have antibacterial effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria which usually contaminate the pancreatic islets.Conclusion:These findings support that use of EA and silybin can improve the function of islets which are used in transplantation, along with decreasing islets bacterial contamination.

A Novel Wound Retractor Combining Continuous Irrigation and Barrier Protection Reduces Incisional Contamination in Colorectal Surgery.

Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a persistent and morbid problem in colorectal surgery. Key to its pathogenesis is the degree of intraoperative bacterial contamination at the surgical site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel wound retractor at reducing bacterial contamination. A prospective multicenter pilot study utilizing a novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was conducted in patients undergoing elective colorectal resections. Culture swabs were collected from the incision edge prior to device placement and from the exposed and protected incision edge prior to device removal. The primary and secondary endpoints were the rate of enteric and overall bacterial contamination on the exposed incision edge as compared to the protected incision edge, respectively. The safety endpoint was the absence of serious device-related adverse events. A total of 86 patients were eligible for analysis. The novel wound retractor was associated with a 66% reduction in overall bacterial contamination at the protected incision edge compared to the exposed incision edge (11.9 vs. 34.5%, P < 0.001), and 71% reduction in enteric bacterial contamination (9.5% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). The incisional SSI rate was 2.3% in the primary analysis and 1.2% in those that completed the protocol. There were no adverse events attributed to device use. A novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial contamination. Improved methods to counteract wound contamination represent a promising strategy for SSI prevention (NCT 02413879).

Carcass decontamination methods in slaughterhouses: a review

European Union legislation approach to meat safety assurance advocates use of strict preventive hygiene measures and procedures to overcome threats by pathogens. Therefore, there is no need for carcass decontamination at the last stage of slaughtering process, using intervention methods. In contrast, the United States permit and regulate intervention decontamination methods. Generally, a HACCP system may use intervention treatments. These may be based solely on a non intervention system or use a combination of both. Interventions have the advantage of achieving a consistent reduction in bacterial contamination and require less manual input, but on the other hand, may also lead to carcass discolouration, produce large quantities of waste water and be relatively expensive. Moreover, intervention methods could constitute a means of concealing poor hygiene conditions during slaughtering or, even more, their residues could be a potential hazard for food safety. Non-intervention systems have the advantages of being relatively inexpensive, easy to implement and more preventive. However, these systems rely heavily on human effort and the possibility for error is considerably higher than the intervention systems. There are many carcass decontamination methods, as described in the relevant literature and used in slaughterhouses worldwide, such as: (i) cold/warm water washing, (ii) hot water washing, (iii) steam vacuuming, (iv) steam pasteurization, (v) irradiation, (vi) organic acid application, (vii) combination of organic acid application with other decontamination treatments and (viii) other chemical treatments. Aim of this review is to provide information on the relevant literature, as well as describe and Ncomment on the questions raised.

A review on the effectiveness of multimodal infection control programmes in the reduction of bacterial contamination in residential care home for elderly persons with nasogastric tube feeding

A review on the effectiveness of multimodal infection control programmes in the reduction of bacterial contamination in residential care home for elderly persons with nasogastric tube feeding

Reduction in bacterial contamination of hospital textiles by a novel silver-based laundry treatment.

Treating hospital patient textiles with ionic silver after each washing results in a significant decrease in microbial contamination. Although further study is needed to better understand the role textiles play in hospital-acquired infections and to quantify the influence of silver textile treatment on health care-associated infection risk and patient outcomes, ionic silver treatment of textiles may prove useful in hospital-acquired infection reduction strategies.

Reparation effects of vacuum wound therapy in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.

Vacuum Therapy (Vacuum-assisted closure, VAC) - a method of complex therapy which is used to improve the healing of both acute chronic wounds in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Due to widespread introduction of this technique, unique cell, extracellular and general effects of its use in the treatment of patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome, a technique of vacuum wound therapy has been successfully used in many surgical departments of Ukraine. Despite the diversity of the clinical effects of VAC-therapy and appearance of number of publications, in the domestic and foreign literature physiological basis of this method have not been studied completely. The effectiveness of vacuum therapy explain: the reduction of the size of the wound, the stabilization of the wound environment (due to the removal of inflammatory mediators and cytokines), microdeformation and remodeling of cell, rows reduction of edema, reduction of bacterial contamination, etc. At the same time, mechanisms of blood flow enhancement at different duration of VAC-therapy use, remain unclear its effect on the third phase of wound healing process as well.

CLINICAL TECHNIQUE: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy-General Principles and Use in Avian Species

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an adjunctive wound management modality that has been shown to augment the treatment of acute and chronic dermal and subdermal wounds in human and veterinary medicine. The proposed effects of NPWT are multifactorial and include improvement of wound perfusion, reduction of interstitial edema and substances inhibitory to wound healing, enhancement of granulation tissue formation, and reduction in bacterial contamination from a wound bed. Together, the proposed benefits of NWPT can lead to enhanced efficiency of wound healing when this treatment modality is applied to a wound. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the mechanism of action of NPWT. Case selection, system application and management, as well as contraindications to NPWT therapy are presented. Potential uses, practical application, and limitations of use of NPWT in avian species are discussed.