Reduced Waste Production Research Articles

The path of human civilization in the Anthropocene: Sustainable growth or sustainable development?

This paper discusses the difference between growth and development in plants, and how these concepts can be applied to human civilization. While growth refers to the quantitative gain of biomass, development is characterized by qualitative changes in the specialization and functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. In human society, growth is often prioritized over development, as evidenced by the focus on gross domestic product without considering its social and environmental impacts. Waste, which is produced during consumption, is a significant problem for human civilization as it contributes to pollution and environmental degradation. Waste management and finding new uses for waste are important efforts to utilize waste production; however, their effectiveness is often unclear. Sustainable development of human society should focus on creating systems inspired by nature, which can be achieved by reducing waste production and increasing the share of waste utilizable in biological processes. The functional interconnection between decomposer (waste) and producers (raw materials) in human society is essential for achieving sustainable development. Ultimately, this path leads to the reduction of waste and improves the effectiveness of human activities, thereby reducing threats to ecosystems.

Environmentally sustainable mining in quarries to reduce waste production and loss of resources using the developed optimization algorithm

The study of natural resources in the earth sciences focuses on the sustainable management of valuable materials like dimension stones. the quarrying of dimension stones is associated with environmental challenges such as significant amounts of waste production, and resource loss, mainly caused by discontinuities and fractures in the rock mass. Quarry optimization requires an optimal cutting pattern to increase the production of larger blocks while minimizing parameters that affect operational costs such as energy consumption. The algorithms used in the quarrying only focus on the number of blocks extracted, ignoring other factors such as energy consumption in the cutting of blocks. To address this issue, a new algorithm was developed in this study. The algorithm aims to optimize the quarrying process by analyzing the impact of discontinuities on waste production and cutting surfaces. It then provides an optimal cutting pattern for the quarry face based on the optimal value of these parameters. As a result, the use of this algorithm can serve as an efficient and valuable tool in dimension stone quarries. By implementing this algorithm, production costs, energy, and water consumption, cutting tools consumption, and waste production can be significantly reduced, leading to increased quarry profitability and decreased environmental problems.

Pengelolaan Sampah Sebagai Implementasi Ekonomi Kreatif Melalui Program Clean And Cash Upaya Menjaga Pencemaran Lingkungan

Waste is a problem of the environment and urban communities that until now has no solution. Waste Bank is an alternative to reduce waste production because it directly involves the community. Through this Waste Bank program not only involves the community in the implementation process but can improve the community's perspective on waste management. The implementation of this service begins with providing teaching material to the community so that they are motivated to be able to sort household waste and together form a waste bank as a means of channeling waste. The counseling with material about the importance of managing waste with waste banks and how waste banks work. The result of this training is that the community is very enthusiastic to participate in the waste management program through the clean and cash program because the clean amd cash program is considered an effective program by the community in addition to reducing the effects of environmental pollution from garbage collectors also get money exchanged to the garbage bank. This craft training also adds to the community's insight to utilize used goods into things that are valuable and can be resold.

Characterizing bubble interaction effects in synchronous-double-pulse laser ablation for enhanced nanoparticle synthesis

To further advance nanomaterial applications and reduce waste production during synthesis, greener and sustainable production methods are necessary. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is a green technique that enables the synthesis of nanoparticles. This study uses synchronous-double-pulse PLAL to understand bubble interaction effects on the nanoparticle size. By adjusting the lateral separation of the pulses relative to the maximum bubble size, an inter-pulse separation is identified where the nanoparticle size is fourfold. The cavitation bubble pair interaction is recorded using a unique coaxial diffuse shadowgraphy system. This system allows us to record the bubble pair interaction from the top and side, enabling the identification of the bubble’s morphology, lifetime, volumetric, and displacement velocity. It is found that the collision and collapse of the bubbles generated at a certain inter-pulse separation results in a larger nanoparticle size. These results mark a significant advancement by controlling the abundance of larger nanoparticles in PLAL, where previous efforts were primarily focused on reducing the average nanoparticle size. The experimentally observed trends are confirmed by numerical simulations with high spatial and temporal resolution. This study serves as a starting point to bridge the gap between upscaled multi-bubble practices and fundamental knowledge concerning the determinants that define the final nanoparticle size.

Inventory Management Systems: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

This research paper introduces an innovative Inventory Management System (IMS) designed to address common inventory challenges. The IMS leverages advanced technology, including barcode scanning and real-time analytics, to optimize stock levels, improve order management, and reduce carrying costs. Implementation of the IMS in real-world scenarios resulted in substantial benefits, including cost reduction and improved customer satisfaction through enhanced order fulfillment rates. Furthermore, the IMS promotes sustainability by reducing product waste, aligning with responsible corporate practices. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant advantages of implementing the IMS across various sectors, including cost savings, enhanced customer service, and environmental responsibility, making it an invaluable tool for businesses striving for efficiency and sustainability in a dynamic market. Keywords: Inventory Management System, Efficiency, Precision, Sustainability, Technology

Analytical assessment of a novel RP-HPLC method for the concurrent quantification of selected pharmaceutical drugs levodopa and carbidopa using eight greenness metrics comparing to the lean six sigma approach

BackgroundIntegrating green chemistry principles into analytical processes is vital for sustainability and accuracy. AimThis study is dedicated to finding eco-friendly solutions that replace harmful substances and reduce waste production. The suggested work examined eight tools for assessing the greenness and sustainability of a newly validated RP-HPLC technique that quantitatively determines levodopa (LEV) and carbidopa (CAR) drugs in their bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. We also incorporated the lean six sigma methodology to ensure accuracy and efficiency. MethodThe optimal liquid chromatographic conditions (HPLC) for achieving the highest resolution and results in our method are as follows: employing a mobile phase composition consisting of a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 2.2 and ethanol (90:10 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, using a C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm) and employing an isocratic mode of elution at a wavelength of 280 nm. ResultsThe calibration curves were established for LEV and CAR in the 3–50 μg/mL range to study the linearity with coefficients of determination (R2 ∼0.999). The study determined that the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for LEV were 1.95 μg/mL and 5.93 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the results for CAR were 0.67 μg/mL and 2.04 μg/mL for LOD and LOQ, respectively. The developed method has demonstrated accuracy and validity in the simultaneous determination and quantification of LEV and CAR, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2%. The method's accuracy was confirmed through recovery studies, demonstrating significant results within the acceptable range of 98–102%. Specifically, the recovery test values for LEV and CAR were 99.75% and 98.97%, respectively. ConclusionThe specificity and selectivity of the developed method have been revealed through forced degradation studies conducted through The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) criteria. The technique could determine and quantify the two drugs even in the presence of their degradants. Our proposed approach beats the previous HPLC methods in adherence to green chemistry principles, providing reliable and precise outcomes with better qualitative and quantitative metrics. It's the most effective and eco-friendly solution for chemical analysis.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza: Considerations for vaccination and implications for international trade. A primary breeder’s perspective. Proceeding of The First International Avian Influenza Summit, University of Arkansas- October 16-17, 2023"

Vaccination against avian influenza requires the assessment of multiple technical, legislative, and trade aspects related to its epidemiology and the country’s veterinary infrastructure, commerce policies, and interests. According to the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH), vaccination against AI should not preclude a country from eligibility for trade as long as it can prove freedom from natural infection. Importing countries may have policies above the general guidelines offered by WOAH; however. Whether living with the disease for a long(er) time, having to adjust vaccines to better protect against newer avian influenza virus variants or clades, and/or whether there are indemnity incentives available to compensate growers for the losses related to outbreaks, considerations pertaining to the geographic spread of the disease across the country’s territory, the sector(s) of the poultry industry being affected, and whether all alternatives to combat the disease have been explored, and perhaps exhausted, should also be taken into consideration. WOAH’s guidelines for the continuation of trade include zoning that limits restrictions to a geographical area (10 km, county, or state) instead of the entire country. Compartmentalization also offers another approach to the continuation of trade for premises that demonstrate robust biosecurity and management programs backed by testing to demonstrate freedom from infection. Alternatives to avoid or reduce waste products (e.g., meat and eggs) should also be considered according to implications to the risk involved of further spread onto other avian and poultry populations. Considering the fact that the 2.3.4.4b clade has been able to infect a large number of wild bird and mammalian species and, at least for countries where the disease is not endemic in its commercial sectors, vaccinating only poultry, at least in countries with low prevalence and incidence rate would not prevent the spread of the disease amongst that large pool of susceptible animal species. For this latter aspect, perhaps vaccination strategies would be more effective if developed towards mitigating prevalence in the natural reservoirs. This implies developing vaccines capable of being deployed in mass. In the large scheme of things and within the one-health concept, this latter approach may have a larger impact on combatting high pathogenicity avian influenza.

Temperature Stable Ion Exchange Resins as Catalysts for the Manufacturing of Vitamin Precursors by Aldol Reaction.

This study explores the potential of robust, strongly basic type I ion exchange resins-specifically, Amberlyst® A26 OH and Lewatit® K 6465-as catalysts for the aldol condensation of citral and acetone, yielding pseudoionone. Emphasis is placed on their long-term stability and commendable performance in continuous operational settings. The aldol reaction, which traditionally is carried out using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the catalyst, holds the potential for enhanced sustainability and reduced waste production through the use of basic ion exchange resins in heterogeneous catalysis. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate catalyst deactivation mechanisms. The result of these calculations indicates that the active sites of Amberlyst® A26 OH are cleaved more easily than the active sites of Lewatit® K 6465. However, the experimental data show a gradual decline in catalytic activity for both resins. Batch experiments reveal Amberlyst® A26 OH's active sites diminishing, while Lewatit® K 6465 maintains relative consistency. This points to distinct deactivation processes for each catalyst. The constant count of basic sites in Lewatit® K 6465 during the reaction suggests additional factors due to its unique polymer structure. This intriguing observation also highlights an exceptional temperature stability for Lewatit® K 6465 compared to Amberlyst® A26 OH, effectively surmounting one of the prominent challenges associated with the utilization of ion exchange resins in catalytic applications.

Imprecise WareHouse Space in Aggregate Production Planning Using Fuzzy Goal Programming

Considering the fluctuating market demands with variable storage capacity and available production capacity, this study examines a number of workable techniques for modeling multiproduct aggregate production planning problems with fuzzy numbers. The suggested method makes use of factors including; inventory levels, labor levels, overtime, backordering levels, workforce capacity, machine capacity, and fuzzy warehouse capacity in an effort to reduce operating costs, reduce production waste, and increase capacity utilization rate. With the aid of this formulation and interpretation, a fuzzy multiproduct aggregate production planning model is developed. Finally, the study's conclusions were arrived at using information provided by Rich Pharmaceuticals Ltd. using Lingo version 18 software (RPL).and it uses parametric programming, best balancing, and interactive techniques to give solutions that can be adjusted to fit a variety of decision-making circumstances.

Design and analysis of robot and fixture pedestal for OTC FD-V8 MAG welding robot

The use of automation in the welding process is favoured due to its capacity to enhance the welding quality and expedite the completion of the task. Welding is a commonly automated process in assembly lines, with many companies relying on robotic welding due to its efficient nature. The key advantages of an automated welding process include higher-quality welds, increased productivity, reduced waste production, and lower labour costs. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) is of two types: namely, Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding or Metal Active Gas (MAG) welding. GMAW is a welding process that involves a welding gun through which a wire electrode and a shielding gas are fed continuously. This process is commonly performed using a direct current power source with constant voltage, but other types of power sources can also be used. GMAW offers four primary methods of metal transfer, namely globular, short-circuiting, spray, and pulsed-spray, each of which has its unique properties and benefits as well as limitations. In this study, the OTC FD-V8 model robot is used for welding. The pedestal for the robot is designed using SOLIDWORKS and the static analysis of the robot pedestal is done. The fixture is used to hold the work piece for welding. The quality of the weld bead is determined by parameters like voltage, welding current, wire diameter, and composition of the shielding gas.

The Relationship between "Zero Waste" and Food: Insights from Social Media Trends.

Zero waste (ZW), the concept of reducing waste production, is now becoming a lifestyle trend. Social media is strengthening this by popularizing the movement and connecting related communities. ZW and food are closely related, since food waste is a significant sustainability issue; however, the exact relationship between ZW and food communication on social networks is not clear. This study analyzed user communication on the social networking site Twitter between July 2008 and April 2023 to determine how members communicated and shared topics related to ZW and food; an analysis of hashtag frequency was also conducted. During the study period, a total of 50,650 tweets with both #zerowaste and #food hashtags were recorded, written by 21,271 unique users from all over the world. Topic analysis identified the nine related topics: ZW lifestyle, leftover recipes, ZW events, food rescue, climate change, packaging, ZW stores, composting, and ZW restaurants; visual analysis indicated that these topics were closely connected, suggesting common membership of these communities. Overall, our results provide insight into the ZW and food communities on Twitter, which may be useful for marketers, influencers, and government agencies to create targeted content and facilitate wider adoption of a ZW lifestyle.

DIRECTIONS OF USE OF FOOD AND PROCESSING INDUSTRY WASTE

Every year, there is more and more waste on our planet. This leads to soil, water and air pollution, which negatively affects people’s health and quality of life. Therefore, the task of reducing production and consumption waste, as well as choosing effective directions for their use, becomes urgent. During the production of food products, waste is mainly of plant and animal origin. The main types of waste generated at processing and food enterprises have been determined: in the fruit and vegetable and canning industry – apple, berry and vegetable pomace, as well as vegetables and fruits that cannot be processed as the main product; in the grain processing industry – wheat bran; in the sugar industry – molasses, pulp; in the dairy industry – whey; in the oil and fat industry – husks, cakes, etc. It is noted that the most valuable waste is sold abroad or processed into food products. The list of products by areas of use (food, medicine, chemical industry, fertilizers, cosmetic industry, animal feed, fertilizer, energy) that can be obtained from organic waste is given. The types of waste, which are valuable raw materials for chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic production, and energy production, have been determined. It is substantiated that in modern conditions in Ukraine it is necessary to intensify the use of waste from processing and food industries as energy carriers – for the production of solid biofuel (briquettes, pellets), biogas, etc. This will help compensate for the lack of energy resources due to damage to traditional energy facilities during Russia's hostilities against Ukraine. However, there is still a large amount of waste in Ukraine that is buried or poured into the sewers, which causes pollution of water bodies, soils and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. With a comprehensive approach and a joint solution to the problem of waste management of various industries, it is possible to ensure the saving of raw materials, the creation of new jobs, and the protection and improvement of the environment.

Influence of the In-Fill Pattern of the 3D Printed Building Wall on Its Thermal Insulation.

The intensive development of 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology causes constantly increased its share in the construction sector. However, in order to produce products with controlled properties, optimization of the technological process is still required. Automation of production based on additive manufacturing methods streamlines the process by comprehensively manufacturing building components that meet, among others, strength, visual, and insulation requirements. Moreover, the possibility of using computer simulations to assess the properties of the designed elements allows for a multitude of analyzed versions of the constructed partitions, which can be verified at the design stage. Thanks to such an opportunity, the process of designing building elements can be significantly improved. The article presents results related to the assessment of the level of thermal insulation of products that can be produced by additive technology, depending on the applied spatial geometry of the vertical partition and the amount and type of materials used. Eight original solutions of in-fill pattern were designed, for which both Finite Element Method (FEM) computer simulations of thermal conductivity and experimental measurements of thermal conductivity of samples were performed. On the basis of the obtained results, both the correctness of the simulation results for the various analyzed materials and their consistency with the practical results were found. Depending on the investigated geometry, for samples of the same dimensions and using the same material, the differences in the U-factor obtained by FEM analysis amounted to 61%. The best solution from the investigated spatial geometries of the vertical partitions has been indicated. The U parameter in the variant with the best thermal insulation was 0.183 W/m2K, which meets the requirements of Polish construction law. The issues discussed in this work can be the basis for the selection of the best solution possible for practical use during the production of building walls using the 3DCP method fulfilling the guidelines of applicable standards. Furthermore, they can be used as a tool for optimizing geometry in terms of energy savings and reducing waste production by both engineers developing 3DCP technologies and architects using innovative techniques for manufacturing building structures.

Innovative approaches to nuclear energy density optimization for enhanced power generation and waste minimization

Nuclear energy has emerged as a viable low-carbon option for electricity generation, but traditional reactor designs face challenges regarding energy density and nuclear waste management. This research explores innovative approaches to optimize nuclear energy density while minimizing long-term environmental impact through reduced waste production. The study compares a traditional Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) with an advanced Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) as the innovative technology. The objectives are to maximize energy density and minimize nuclear waste. A multi-objective optimization model is formulated, incorporating safety, operational, and environmental constraints. Numerical results demonstrate that the MSR achieves a higher energy density (30 MW/kg) than the PWR (20 MW/kg) and produces less waste (0.2 kg/MW vs. 0.5 kg/MW). The research highlights the potential benefits of innovative nuclear technologies and emphasizes the importance of safety evaluations, regulatory considerations, and economic viability for practical implementation. Collaborative efforts and supportive policies are crucial to realizing a sustainable and low-carbon energy future through advanced nuclear solutions

Compost Formulation from Different Wastes to Enhance the Soil and Plant Productivity A Review

Different types and sources of compost are used to increase agricultural productivity. This review reveals different compost formulation methods and the incorporation of those methods into agriculture to reduce waste production, providing a better way to maintain soil fertility for better plant yield. This review furnishes an in-depth update on the impact of prepared compost from different ingredients like municipal waste, kitchen-based food waste, livestock waste, agricultural waste, algae, and industrial waste to find the effects on soil health, plant growth parameters (height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll content, etc.), and plant yield. Several studies have shown that compost significantly affects the soil’s health and improves different plants’ morphological (height, width, stem diameter, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf arrangement, root system), physiological (photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, respiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, carbon dioxide assimilation, nutrient uptake, water use efficiency, flowering time, germination rate), and chemical properties (pH, macronutrient content, micronutrient content, carbohydrate content, protein content, lipid content, phytochemical content, essential oil content, pigment content). Produced compost from different ingredients has significant results for enhancing soil health, nutrient supply to plants, reducing heavy metal accumulation in plants, increasing plant yield, and reducing the environmental pollution. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of compost formulations made from different waste materials to enhance soil fertility and plant productivity. These findings have important implications for sustainable agriculture and waste management practices. Using compost as a soil amendment can help reduce waste and improve soil health, increasing plant yields and reducing the need for chemical fertilisers. However, the dose of compost prepared from various wastes in different climatic conditions should be optimized at the farm level, with particular emphasis on economic sustainability.

Training and Marketing of Fashion Upcycling Products in Local Communities

This article focuses on the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12), about responsible consumption and production, particularly the fifth target of reducing waste production through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse. The study explored and evaluated the results of the product upgrading performed in a community empowerment activity, which involved upcycling denim waste into A-line skirts and tote bags, and adding decorative materials using sewing techniques such as decorative stitches, tie-dye, and macrame. The article also discusses the importance of producing goods with greater value in terms of sustainability in natural resource utilization. On-site surveys were conducted to evaluate the results of the product upgrading, and the survey results were analyzed qualitatively for further sustainability efforts related to upcycling. Overall, 15 buyers participated, and the results showed positive perceptions about the use of products from fashion waste and there is interest in participating in similar activities in the future.

Increase of Sandy Soil's Soil Bearing Capacity Using Plastic and Bitumen

In order to improve the soil's engineering quality, soil stabilization can be defined as the changing of soil parameters by chemical or physical methods. Increases in the soil's carrying capacity, resistance to weathering, and permeability are the basic goals of soil stabilization. This may be accomplished through the use of controlled compaction or the use of suitable admixtures such as cement, lime, and waste products such as fly ash, phosphor gypsum, etc. This innovative method of soil stabilization can be utilized to tackle societal challenges, reduce waste production, and create useful resources from non-useful waste. Waste plastic bags have been used in bituminous mixtures, and it has been demonstrated that they improve the mixture's characteristics. This plastic-coated gravel is combined with hot bitumen to create a mixture that is used to build roads. Bottles and other plastic debris are combined with bitumen to improve the engineering performance of subgrade soil and to achieve the greatest dry density, CBR, and UCS investigations. Bitumen and plastic garbage were thrown onto the earth at random. On randomly reinforced soil with changing percentages of plastic waste and bitumen in various sizes and quantities, a series of Standard Proctor tests, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, and Unconfined compression tests were conducted.

Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Natural, Sustainable Composite Material Properties Using Bio-Binder for Eco-Friendly Construction Applications

The utilization of waste materials like bio-binders and fine aggregates in construction is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable building practices. By reusing these materials, we can significantly reduce waste production and preserve precious natural resources, making it a vital aspect of sustainable construction. This paper presents the experimental findings on the mechanical characteristics of using micro sand silica mixed with a bio-binder such as okra. The estimated mechanical properties that are discussed in this research include modulus, strength, and toughness. Okra with three different weight percentages (5, 10, and 15%) was mixed with four different micro-size particles (25, 250, 425, and 850 μm) and then compressed into a cylindrical sample. Okra demonstrated good adherence characteristics to sand silica particles, where the test results indicate that adding okra significantly affects the mechanical properties. Thermal analysis and SEM were employed to investigate the material degradation, surface morphology, and the internal structure of the composites. In general, it has been observed that at a particle size of 250 μm, the best mechanical properties have been achieved at a 15% weight ratio of the okra bio-binder.

Carbon Sequestration in Lumber Columns: Facilitating the Reuse of Lumber Waste for Prefabrication through Computational Design and Augmented Fabrication

Industrial prefabrication brings benefits such as higher productivity and reduced waste production. However, waste, cut-offs, and failures cannot be prevented even in a prefabrication setting. Yet, most processes for utilizing scrap materials promote downgrading. This research presents a construction framework to facilitate the reuse and salvaging of lumber waste from a lumber construction company using a computational design (CD) and augmented reality (AR) setup. Specifically, we explore the design of columns based on an inventory of scrap materials and propose a high level of automation (LoA) prefabrication for reusing lumber waste for structural parts. The design and AR framework support the extension of the matching skillset through the integration of existing materials and the automation of creating an assembly plan for AR, improving the reusability of cut-off lumber blocks. It features a design tool for placing existing lumber scrap blocks and an integrated AR application for assembling these blocks into wood columns. The setup is demonstrated through column prototypes, resulting in six columns, each 10 feet high. The proposed methods extend the opportunities for designers to reuse lumber scraps for prefabrication and simplify assembly instructions for craftspeople, providing valuable tools to enable a resource-efficient workflow for lumber scrap.

A Review of the Use of Genetic Engineering Practices and the Impact of Gene Editing in Healthcare and Biotechnology

Genetic engineering is an integral approach to the development of new diagnostic techniques, drugs for human and animal diseases, foods for human health, development of tissues, and cells for xenotransplantation. The components of vaccine for disease control and nutraceuticals for human health provide proteins; peptides and other components may be an integral part of human life in the coming days. Genetically engineered animals also offer significant human health and environmental benefits; livestock becomes more efficient for converting feed to animal protein and reducing waste production, by imparting resistance to disease and good health. The techniques permit individuals or groups of genes to be isolated from large masses of DNA and produced in virtually unlimited quantities. Genetic engineering in animal production has a growing number of practical benefits, such as in the production of transgenic animal’s resistant to disease, increasing the productivity of animals, in the treatment of genetic disorders, and the production of vaccines.