Reduction In Tensile Strength Research Articles

Degradation characteristics of 3D printed continuous fibre-reinforced PA6/chopped fibre composites in simulated saltwater

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of continuous fibre-reinforced 3D printed components in salt water medium at room temperature. Markforged® Mark Two 3D printer was employed to fabricate standard specimens made of Onyx and reinforced Onyx specimens with continuous carbon, high-strength high-temperature glass, and Kevlar fibres. Aging process was conducted to characterize the long-term effect of salt water on the mechanical behaviour of fibre-reinforced 3D printed samples. Several mechanical tests including tensile, 3-point bending test and indentation testing have been carried out on the dry and aged standard samples to evaluate tensile strength, flexural strength, micro-hardness, and modulus of elasticity in micro-scale. The mechanical tests revealed the degradation and loss in mechanical properties of the printed samples after aging in salt water. The data highlighted that Onyx samples without continuous fibres experienced the most significant reduction in both tensile (33.54%) and flexural (63.47%) strengths after 1 year, while continuous carbon fibre-reinforced Onyx samples showed comparatively lower strength reductions (28.46% in tensile strength and 18.73% in flexural strength). Optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the fracture behaviour of the tested specimens. In addition, the DSC assessment showed a slight change in the thermal properties of aged specimens.

Tensile and compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under different temperature conditions

AbstractBamboo scrimber demonstrates vulnerability to environmental temperature fluctuations, such as exposure to cold or fire, when deployed in structural applications. Consequently, its mechanical properties can substantially diverge from the intended design values under varying thermal conditions. This study aims to study the tensile and compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under different temperatures to provide data support for studying bamboo scrimber under low and high temperatures. The compressive properties of bamboo scrimber under temperatures ranging from −30°C to 250°C and the tensile properties under −20°C to 250°C were determined by a series of tests with a total of 125 specimens. The results show that the mass loss of bamboo scrimber increases gradually with the increase in temperature, and the increasing trend intensifies after 120°C. With the increase of temperature, the failure mode of the specimens under compression changes from the bottom compression cracking damage to the local destabilization of longitudinal fibers, while the tensile damage modes aren't influenced by temperature, and both “straight‐line” and “folded‐line” types of damage modes occur at different temperatures. The tensile and compressive strengths and elastic modulus of the specimens decreased with the increase in temperature, and the strength was more susceptible to the temperature than the elastic modulus: a rise in temperature from 20°C to 250°C resulted in a reduction of compressive strength and tensile strength by 80.80% and 84.11%, respectively, the compressive modulus and tensile modulus experienced decreases of 49.51% and 53.28%. Furthermore, equations of temperature influence coefficients of strength and elastic modulus were established based on the test results.Highlights Bamboo scrimber's mechanical properties under different temperatures are studied. Tendency and explanation of temperature influence coefficients are analyzed. Temperature coefficient equations for strength and elastic modulus are proposed.

Mechanical characteristics of structural concrete using building rubbles as recycled coarse aggregate

Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate whether construction rubbles may be utilized as coarse aggregates in concrete. Experimentally, the slump, unit weight, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests were applied on concrete samples with varying percentages of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and compared with reference concrete produced with natural coarse aggregate. This research conducted 96 concrete samples with RCA replacement percentages of 0, 35, 65, and 100%, respectively. The control mixture produced with natural aggregate showed better results than the mixtures containing recycled aggregate; thus, compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths reduced as the amount of the recycled aggregate increased. Using 100% RCA, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength reduction reached up to 64, 29, and 38%, respectively.

An in vitro and in vivo study of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/sildenafil citrate mat on 3D-printed polycaprolactone membrane as a double layer wound dressing

Double-layer dermal substitutes (DS) generally provide more effective therapeutic outcomes than single-layer substitutes. The architectural design of DS incorporates an outer layer to protect against bacterial invasions and maintain wound hydration, thereby reducing the risk of infection and the frequency of dressing changes. Moreover, the outer layer is a mechanical support for the wound, preventing undue tension in the affected area. A 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane was utilized as the outer layer to fabricate DS wound dressing. Simultaneously, a polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/sildenafil citrate (PVA/CS/SC) scaffold was electrospun onto the PCL membrane to facilitate cellular adhesion and proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the PCL filaments revealed a consistent cross-sectional surface and structure, with an average diameter of 562.72 ± 29.15 μm. SEM results also demonstrated uniform morphology and beadless structure for the PVA/CS/SC scaffold, with an average fiber diameter of 366.77 ± 1.81 nm for PVA/CS. The addition of SC led to an increase in fiber diameter while resulting in a reduction in tensile strength. However, drug release analysis indicated that the SC release from the sample can last up to 72 h. Animal experimentation confirmed that DS wound dressing positively accelerated wound closure and collagen deposition in the Wistar rat skin wound model.

Role of extracted nanosilica from rice husk on the structure, property and biodegradability of low density polyethylene/starch biodegradable film

Role of extracted nanosilica from rice husk on the structure, property and biodegradability of low density polyethylene/starch biodegradable film

Recycled mask polypropylene microfibers benefit tensile properties and prevent thermally induced spalling of high-strength engineered cementitious composite (HS-ECC)

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant amount of waste medical masks being generated, which if not properly managed would pose a substantial risk to the natural environment. In this context, this study focuses on upcycling the waste medical mask propylene (PP) microfibers in high-strength engineered cementitious composites (HS-ECC) to mitigate its explosive spalling issue upon fire exposure. At ambient temperature, the compressive strength of Ref-ECC (without PP microfibers) reached 96.4 MPa, and the incorporation of recycled mask fibers (RMFs) up to 0.5 vol% had a negligible effect on it. The incorporation of low-cost RMFs benefited the uniaxial tensile properties of HS-ECC. For instance, at 25 °C, the incorporation of 0.5 vol% RMFs increased the tensile strain capacity and tensile strength of the HS-ECC to 2.60% and 7.9 MPa, from those of the Ref-ECC (2.03% and 7.1 MPa), respectively. The 0.5 vol% RMFs in the HS-ECC increased the tensile strain capacity to 3.80% at 60 °C, 4.50% at 90 °C and 5.23% at 120 °C notwithstanding their reduced tensile strength, respectively. The RMFs in the HS-ECC induced inner (sub)micron-sized cracks after thermal exposures, facilitating multi-cracking behavior. After 600 °C/2h heating, severe spalling occurred in the Ref-ECC cylinder specimens, demonstrating that polyethylene (PE) fibers alone (at 1.8 vol%) cannot prevent spalling upon fire exposure. However, the incorporation of RMFs (as little as 0.3 vol%) was proven as an effective preventive measure against the explosive spalling phenomenon in HS-ECC.

Effect of high temperature annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Morlion735 alumina fiber

Continuous alumina fiber-reinforced alumina (Al2O3/Al2O3) composite is a very promising candidate for thermal structural materials in aerospace vehicles and other applications. Alumina fibers used in Al2O3/Al2O3 composites play a crucial role in enhancing their mechanical properties and thermostability. In this article, the effect of annealing on the tensile strength and microstructure of Morlion735 alumina fiber was investigated. The results showed that the phase transformation occurs at 1147 °C, resulting in a mullite phase with an orthogonal lattice structure. As the annealing temperature increases, the crystal domain size of the mullite gradually increases. Both the phase transformation and the increasing crystal domain size lead to more lattice defects, which significantly affect the tensile strength and tensile modulus of alumina fibers. A 0.67 GPa reduction in tensile strength (from 1.14 GPa to 0.47 GPa) was observed when the annealing temperature increased from 1200 °C to 1400 °C. Weibull statistical analysis revealed that as the annealing temperature increased, the tensile strength dispersion of Morlion735 fiber also increased. This can be attributed to the volume-dependent flaw distributions. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the tensile strength evolution mechanism under high temperatures.

Fractional Lengthening of Forearm Flexor Tendons: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Analysis

Multiple procedures have been described for wrist and finger flexion contractures and spasticity. Fractional lengthening of forearm flexor tendons involves making parallel transverse tenotomies at the musculotendinous junction to elongate the muscle. Currently, there is limited literature to define the biomechanical consequences of this lengthening technique. Forty-eight flexor tendons were harvested from eight paired upper limbs including flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor pollicis longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons. Each tendon that was lengthened was paired with the contralateral tendon as a control. A pair of transverse tenotomies were completed for the fractional lengthening. The first tenotomy was performed at the musculotendinous junction where the tendon narrowed to 75% of its maximal width. The second tenotomy was made 1 cm distal to the first. Tendon length was measured before and after fractional lengthening at a constant resting tension of 1 N. The maximum load at failure of each tendon and the mechanism of failure were each measured and compared with the contralateral side. After fractional lengthening, the mean increase in resting tendon length was 4 mm. When loaded to failure, the mean maximum load of fractionally lengthened tendons was 42% of the mean maximum load of intact tendons. All lengthened tendons failed at the distal tenotomy site. Fractional lengthening resulted in an increase of 3-6 mm (mean: 4 mm) in tendon length at resting tension. There was a significant loss in tensile strength and load to failure following fractional lengthening compared with an intact musculotendinous unit. The reduction in tensile strength following fractional lengthening results in loads at failure that are, in some cases, lower than the estimated forces required to perform basic tasks. Caution during the healing and rehabilitation period is warranted.

Enhancing Thermal Insulation of Poly(β-Hydroxybutyrate) Composites with Charring-Foaming Agent-Coated Date Palm Wood

Date palm fiber (DPF) holds great potential for composite materials, but its flammability limits its practical applications. In this study, DPF was modified using a pad-drying method to impregnate it with a 5 wt.% solution of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP). These treated fibers were then utilized to fabricate poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)- (PHB-) based composites. The resulting thermal insulators were comprehensively evaluated for their flammability, physical, mechanical, and thermophysical properties, as well as morphological and thermal stability characteristics. The findings revealed a significant reduction in flame spread and smoke suppression; however, the concentration used is not sufficient to achieve the desired rating grades. The thermal insulation capacity of the modified fiber composites was substantially enhanced, particularly with the 40% PHB/DPF-ADP composite displaying the lowest thermal conductivity at 0.0564 W/m.K. Moreover, the presence of gaps and voids at the interface led to a reduction in tensile strength to 4-7 MPa. Additionally, the modified fiber composites exhibited significantly reduced water absorption (~0.76%), attributed to the formation of a highly water-resistant substance containing a furan compound. This work provides a simple and effective approach for achieving durable flame retardancy and long-term thermal insulation performance, offering promising opportunities for the practical application of biobased PHB composites.

Investigation of TiO2 Nanoparticles Influence on Tensile Properties and Thermal Stability of Dry and Wet Luffa-Epoxy Nanocomposites.

Recently, progress has been made toward understanding the efficiency of polymer composites with natural fibres. With the hope of enhancing the characteristics of polymer composites supplemented with natural fibres in a watery environment, TiO2 nanoparticles have been used to improve their performance in the field. These nanoparticles were filled in luffa-epoxy components at 1, 3, and 5 % volume fractions. A combination of x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to conduct the structural examinations. The nanoparticle spread was captured by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results show that dry nanocomposite's tensile strength and modulus have increased by 74% and, 13%, 137%, and 50% compared with epoxy and 40 vol% luffa-epoxy [E/L] composites, respectively. In wet nanocomposites, maximum reduction in tensile strength and modulus were observed as 27.4% and 16.54%, respectively. The diminished water absorption and thickness swelling percentage of nanocomposites were recorded as 98% and 91.8%, respectively. The onset temperature of these nanocomposites was scattered in the range of 379-393°C, with a maximum char residue of 38%. The increase in the percentage of residue indicates the effectiveness of epoxy's flame retardant, improved thermal stability, diminished water absorption [approximately 2%], and 95% retention of wet composites' tensile properties. These results provided data support for improving the application of nanocomposites in the automobile field.

A Modified Drucker–Prager Model Considering Tensile Strength Reduction and Its Applications in Slope Stability Analysis

A Modified Drucker–Prager Model Considering Tensile Strength Reduction and Its Applications in Slope Stability Analysis

Effect of wet-dry history on performances of dense asphalt mixture: Experimental investigation and predicting model

Asphalt pavement experiences various wet-dry histories in the service stage. However, the influence of wet-dry history on asphalt mixture is unknown. Therefore, to clarify the performance degradation mechanism and predict the performance of asphalt mixture under the action of wet-dry history, the creep-recovery test, indirect tensile stiffness modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted at different temperatures. The finite element method was adopted to analyze the moisture diffusing profile inside the specimen after wet-dry cycles. A moisture damage model considering the soaking time and repeated characteristics was developed to predict the damaged properties. Results show that wet-dry cycles cause a slight mass loss of asphalt mixture. Wet-dry cycling action leads to the increment in high-temperature deformation, and reductions in stiffness modulus and tensile strength. The increase of high-temperature deformation is primarily caused by viscoplastic component. Even if the soaking time is short, high moisture damage occurs while the wet-dry cycle is sufficient. Numerical simulations show that the moisture concentration profiles inside asphalt mixture vary under different wet-dry histories, leading to variations in the damage zone. The degree of damage is also closely related to the acting time of moisture. The critical immersion time of the dense asphalt mixture (about 43 hours) was determined in this study. When the immersion period is shorter than the critical immersion time, the strength loss is greater than the modulus. On the contrary, the degree of modulus damage is higher than that of strength. Considering the actual rainfall climate in China, the strength damage of the on-site asphalt mixture in the field predominates. The proposed model could reflect the weakening trends of modulus and strength. It has good universal applicability in predicting the damaged Marshall stability, modulus, and strength at different temperatures.

In-situ study of microstructure and mechanical properties of GH3536 alloy manufactured by selective laser melting at 750 °C

Nickel-based GH3536 alloy exhibits high strength but low ductility when produced by selective laser melting (SLM), which hinders its widespread application in aerospace. This paper employed a ‘two-step’ method of heat treatment to optimize the microstructure of the SLM GH3536 alloy and investigated the mechanical properties. Tensile tests were conducted on SLM GH3536 alloy before and after heat treatment at 750 °C, using an in-situ high-temperature tensile stage. The relationship between the microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of the alloys was investigated by combining the in-situ tensile experiments and crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The results suggested that the elongation can be increased by 80% without a significant reduction in tensile strength. The improved elongation is attributed to the complete recrystallization, formation of annealed twins and serrated grain boundaries after heat treatment. The study also investigated the deformation behavior and fracture mode of the alloy before and after heat treatment. Discussion was done on the influence of the microstructure, particularly the twin and serrated grain boundaries on the alloy's plastic deformation. This study enhanced the understanding of plastic deformation of SLM GH3536 alloy and provided a valuable reference for the design and post-treatment of superalloy.

Smart and Green Packaging Made from Chitosan-based Biofilm with the Addition of Ginger Oil and Anthocyanins from Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria Ternatea L)

A chitosan-based biofilm modified with ginger essential oil and butterfly flower extract has been made. This biofilm was tested for its potential as a raw material for smart and environmentally friendly packaging (smart and green packaging). The potential of biofilm as a packaging raw material is known from the characterization results, which include color changes at various pHs, mechanical properties, antioxidant properties, antibacterial properties, and morphological structure. The produced biofilms exhibit sensitivity to alterations in pH levels, manifesting distinct color transitions from pink and purple to green within the pH range of 1 to 12. This phenomenon arises due to adding butterfly flower extract into the biofilm, which contains anthocyanin dyes with a total concentration of 1113.3 mg/L. Adding butterfly flower extract and ginger oil contributes to an augmented biofilm thickness; however, this is accompanied by a reduction in both tensile strength and percent elongation. Concurrently, the addition of butterfly flower extract and ginger oil imparts antioxidant and antibacterial properties to the biofilm. The introduction of additional extracts enhances the antioxidant and antibacterial attributes of the biofilm. In the color and pH response assessment, the biofilm augmented with a 7.5% v/v extract exhibited a color difference value (ΔE) exceeding 5 across all assessed pH values. These findings signify the observable color variations in the biofilm due to pH fluctuations with the unaided eye. According to the outcomes of characterization and analysis, the produced biofilm holds promise as an environmentally friendly packaging solution due to its reliance on natural components and its endowed antioxidant and antibacterial properties, contributing to the prolonged preservation of packaged food items. Moreover, the biofilm demonstrates the capability to gauge the quality of food products based on their pH, which is evident through direct color alterations.

Effects of elevated temperature exposure on the mechanical properties of recycled fine aggregate concrete

ABSTRACT In this work, a compound waste material was made up of raw construction waste concrete, waste tiles, and waste bricks was mixed at a weight ratio of 6:3:1. They were ground into recycled fine aggregates (RFA). RFA substituted the local river sand in proportions of 0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% for preparing recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC) with varied water-to-cement ratios. It intended to explore concrete’s mechanical properties and ultrasonic pulse velocity changes before and after high temperatures (300–800°C). The loss on ignition (LOI) of concrete was simultaneously determined to compare the performance in resisting elevated temperature. Test results presented that the higher the replacement ratio of RFA, the gradually higher the reduction in the concrete splitting tensile, compressive, and residual compressive strengths and ultrasonic pulse velocity after elevated temperature exposure. A rapid reduction was especially found at the heated temperature of exceeding 440°C. Furthermore, the old cement paste adhered to the surface of the raw construction waste had a relatively higher LOI. This led to the consequence that the RFAC had an increased LOI with the increment of the RFA replacement ratio, while the LOI of RFAC dropped with the increment of the originally heated temperature.

Effects of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Dual-Phase High-Entropy Alloy Fabricated via Laser Beam Power Bed Fusion.

To enhance the applicability of dual-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) like Fe32Cr33Ni29Al3Ti3, fabricated via laser beam power bed fusion (LB-PBF), a focus on improving their mechanical properties is essential. As part of this effort, heat treatment was explored. This study compares the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-printed sample with those cooled in water after undergoing heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1200 °C for 1 h. Both pre- and post-treatment samples reveal a dual-phase microstructure comprising FCC and BCC phases. Although heat treatment led to a reduction in tensile and yield strength, it significantly increased ductility compared to the as-printed sample. This strength-ductility trade-off is related to changes in grain sizes with ultrafine grains enhancing strength and micron grains optimizing ductility, also influencing the content of FCC/BCC phases and dislocation density. In particular, the sample heat-treated at 1000 °C for 1 h and then water-cooled exhibited a better combination of strength and ductility, a yield strength of 790 MPa, and an elongation of 13%. This research offers innovative perspectives on crafting dual-phase HEA of Fe32Cr33Ni29Al3Ti3, allowing for tailorable microstructure and mechanical properties through a synergistic approach involving LB-PBF and heat treatment.

Recycling Automotive Plastic Waste: Residual Polyvinyl Butyral (rPVB) as Solid Lubricant in Polyoxymethylene (POM) Blends

Polyoxymethylene (POM) is an engineering thermoplastic commonly used in tribological applications due to its low friction and auto-lubrication properties. To improve its performance further and broaden its applications to higher sliding speeds and loads, it is commonly reinforced with different particles, fibers, or solid lubricants. In this study, the effect of adding residual polyvinyl butyral (rPVB) from automotive windshields production lines on the tribological performance of POM during pin-on-disk wear tests at different loads (12, 15, and 18 N) and sliding speeds (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 m/s) is investigated. It was found that rPVB acts as a solid lubricant, reducing the coefficient of friction (CoF) up to 50%. It is suggested that the formation of a protective layer of adhered material on the wear track is the mechanism behind CoF reduction. Melt flow index, Shore D hardness and elastic properties decrease linearly with rPVB content. However, the reduction in tensile strength, and thus shear strength of the blends, seems to be more significant on their CoF behavior than the reduction in hardness. No trend was found for wear resistance. Under certain sliding conditions rPVB decreased volume loss, but in other cases it increased it. It is suggested that, for the conditions analyzed in this study, adding 10 wt% of rPVB to a POM matrix results in the best balance of tribological performance, with an overall CoF reduction of 36%, and an average volume loss increase of only 1%.

Load-Bearing Capacity of Bended FRP Reinforcement with Various Anchorage Lengths

The research builds upon the analysis of bent glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer reinforcement. The presented work focuses on examining the influence of anchor length on the overall tensile strength of bent FRP rebar. In general, to ensure secure anchoring of the reinforcement in concrete, it is necessary to determine a specific length of the straight section of the rebar beyond the bend, which prevents the reinforcement from being pulled out of the concrete. A total of 27 pieces of bent rebar were tested in the research and divided into four subgroups based on the anchor length beyond the bend. The reference value of the load-carrying capacity of the straight reinforcement was tested on four experimental samples. The research results confirmed that the reduction in tensile strength depends on the anchor length and suggest that the minimum anchorage length stated in the literature should be sufficient; exceeding it does not lead to a significant increase in the load-carrying capacity of the rebar. The research findings expand the Czech Republic’s design knowledge of FRP reinforcement and facilitate the resolution of subsequent phases of the project.

Environmentally Friendly Bleaching Process of the Cellulose Fibres Materials Using Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Gas Phase.

The paper presents the new eco-friendly method of bleaching process of the cellulose fibre materials. Cellulose materials were bleached using hydrogen peroxide (both in aqueous solution, vapours, ozone and by the combined action of gaseous hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The method using hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution presents the standard procedure and was used as the comparison technique. The bleaching processes using gaseous oxidants were carried out in a prototype device for dry, low-temperature treatment of fibrous materials with the use of oxidising agents in the gas phase. The influence of the innovative gas-phase bleaching method on the cotton samples' properties was analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), evaluation of the colour and whiteness, assessment of the polymerisation degree (DP), analysis of the mechanical properties and sorption capacity as well as microbiological assessment against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The comparison of the obtained results led to the conclusion that the bleaching processes using gas-phase agents-vaporised hydrogen peroxide, ozone or their combination-are non-invasive. The applied bleaching processes resulted in a slightly lower whiteness parameters than standard bath bleaching. After the bleaching processes with ozone and vaporised hydrogen peroxide separately, the decrease in the DP and tensile strength was similar to that observed after the bleaching with aqueous H2O2. When both processes were used together, a higher reduction in DP and tensile strength was noticed. Both oxidising agents showed a strong biocidal effect against bacteria. Gas-phase bleaching procedures, due to the lower temperature (35 °C vs. 98 °C) and minimal water consumption, have economic and environmental advantages, which allows their use in semi-industrial applications. It has been shown that the treatment of cotton fabrics using ozone and hydrogen peroxide in the gas phase allows to simultaneously obtain the bleaching and disinfection effect.

Studies on high power laser cladding Stellite 6 alloy coatings: Metallurgical quality and mechanical performances

The present study systematically investigates the effect of powder feeding rates (Vp) on the quality of Stellite 6 alloy coatings with a 20 kW fiber laser. The results demonstrate that the hot cracks in the Stellite 6 coatings can be effectively eliminated by increasing the Vp without preheating substrate or adding buffer layers. It is possible to achieve a single-track coating with a thickness of 2.34 mm, width of 20 mm and dilution rate of 17.3 % with crack-free and densely microstructure when Vp is 90 g/min. Moreover, the build rate (172 mm3/s) surpasses the maximum build rate (133 mm3/s) of low power laser cladding. The heat accumulation of multi-track and double-layer (5.6 mm) under high power laser results in the formation of ε-Co through phase transformation from part of γ-Co. Consequently, the dendrite region primarily consists of γ-Co while a small amount of ε-Co and Cr23C6 dominate in the inter-dendritic region. Although the heat accumulation effect also tends to coarsen the grains in bottom region of the coatings, leading to a slight reduction in mechanical properties, both hardness (485 HV–523 HV) and tensile strength (1131 MPa–1250 MPa) are comparable to those achieved by low power laser cladding, and the break elongation (6.9 %–8.1 %) has significantly surpassed the current level of 3 %. High power laser cladding processes may play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of surface modification or remanufacturing for large workpieces, such as the runner of hydroelectric generator set.