Reduce Noise Exposure Research Articles

Cochrane corner: interventions to prevent hearing loss caused by noise at work

This Cochrane Corner features “Interventions to prevent hearing loss caused by noise at work”, published in 2017. The aim of this Cochrane Review was to find out if hearing loss caused by noise at work is being prevented by current interventions. Tikka et al. identified 29 studies that studied the effect of preventive measures. One study evaluated legislation to reduce noise exposure, eleven studies evaluated effects of personal hearing protection devices and 17 studies evaluated effects of hearing loss prevention programmes (HLPPs). There was some very low-quality evidence that implementation of stricter legislation can reduce noise levels in workplaces and moderate-quality evidence that training of proper insertion of earplugs significantly reduces noise exposure at short-term follow-up. This Cochrane review has identified specific strategies that have shown effectiveness in reducing workplace noise, such as the implementation of stricter legislation and the need for training in the proper use of earplugs and earmuffs to reduce noise exposure to safe levels. The overall quality of evidence for the effectiveness of HLPPs in preventing hearing loss was very low, there was limited follow-up of participants receiving training for insertion of earplugs and no controlled studies examining engineering controls to reduce workplace noise.

АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ЗНИЖЕННЯ АВІАЦІЙНОГО ШУМУ В ДЖЕРЕЛІ І НА МІСЦЕВОСТІ

Currently, the topic of research of the aircraft noise influence on the environment is relevant. Aircraft and engine developers are constantly exploring ways to reduce noise following the new standards of the ICAO Committee (CAEP), whose main task is to protect the environment from the effects of aviation, to provide a comfortable environment for people exposed to aircraft noise and harmful substances. By limiting the permissible noise level of aircraft, CAEP initiates aircraft manufacturers to introduce the latest noise reduction technologies in their design. Measurement of aircraft noise is obviously an important type of research not only in the aircraft industry. The existing airports in the course of reconstruction, and new ones at the project development stage, should be mandatory tested on indicators of aircraft noise, which will penetrate into the surrounding area, including settlements of various sizes. Currently, scientists from different countries are making significant efforts to reduce the turbine noise of existing and prospective civil aircraft. Of course, nowadays, external jamming methods are commonly used. At the same time, an important way to reduce engine noise was the widespread use of so-called sound-absorbing structures. This article describes the direction of reducing the level of aircraft noise at the source and on the ground, near airports. To reduce the noise in the source of noise, the ways to reduce the turbulence of the streamlined aerodynamic bearing surfaces are considered by reducing their inductive resistance and matching the flow of gas in power plants. It is shown that the implementation of such approaches in modifications of domestic passenger and transport aircraft gives a positive result. When solving the problem of reducing noise on the ground, the study analyzed the effect of aviation noise on the population living near the airport as an example. The necessity of using soundproofing means in residential areas to reduce noise exposure is shown. An analysis of the effects of noise exposure is given. In conclusion, the preliminary results obtained in the course of research are presented.

Evaluation of Environmental Noise in a Grain Storage Facility located in the Southern Region of Brazil

O ruído consiste em um importante risco ambiental presente na rotina dos trabalhadores em uma Unidade de Beneficiamento e Armazenagem de Grãos (UBAG). Seus efeitos mais comuns sobre o trabalhador envolvem a perda de audição, problemas no sono, problemas cardíacos, estresse tanto em casa quanto no trabalho e a dificuldade de comunicação durante suas atividades. Sendo assim, buscou-se neste trabalho investigar os níveis de ruído aos quais estão expostos trabalhadores em uma empresa de médio porte, que atua na armazenagem de grãos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, realizou-se primeiramente o levantamento e caracterização do local objeto de estudo. A seguir, procedeu-se à coleta dos índices de ruído. Por fim, foi feito o tratamento dos dados coletados e a discussão dos resultados. As evidências indicam que encaminhamentos de melhorias voltadas à redução da exposição a ruídos devem considerar prioritariamente elementos externos à infraestrutura da empresa, neste caso representados pelo fluxo de veículos pesados (caminhões) em suas instalações.

Public health impacts from subway noise: Case study Hong Kong

In cities, subway noise is often cited as a major contributor to noise pollution that impacts millions of people every day. Previous studies on this topic have shown that peak subway noise levels in some cities can be as high as 110 dB, which greatly exceeds the 70 dB level set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and EPA for safe environmental noise levels. This work aims to characterize the subway noise in Hong Kong, analyze potential source features, and make technical recommendations for consideration by government and metro companies. First, the overall noise data on all nine subway lines in the city are presented and compared with published data of other subway lines around the world. Spectra of the loudest segments are analyzed to show the effects of tunnel modes, track curvature, and other features that may play a significant role in noise radiation and reverberation. A detailed correlation study is conducted for the short-time noise level and vehicle speed. A new train speed profile that optimizes noise exposure reduction is proposed for consideration of a future auto-drive system. Finally, a study of vibroacoustic exposure by passengers is also conducted to examine the impacts beyond the audible frequency range.

Noise level analysis to reduce noise exposure at PT. IT

PT. IT is a textile company that produces grey cloth and printing batik. The production process of making grey cloth and printing batik uses a machine that has the potential to cause noise. The noi...

2349 - Effects of Ambient Noise on Sleep in New York City

Noise can be harmful to health. One effect of noise is disrupted sleep and poorer daytime cognitive performance. New York City (NYC) adults were surveyed to examine the frequency and sources of ambient noise that cause sleep disturbance, physical (e.g., wearing earplugs) or medical (e.g., using sleep medications) measures taken to reduce noise exposure, and effect on concentration due to poor sleep. The data were obtained from a 2017 automated telephone survey using a Redirected Inbound Call Sampling method. Participants were screened to be 18 years and older and live in a NYC borough. Imputation was used for missing demographic variables and missing or “prefer not to answer” responses of key noise questions. SAS was used to calculate frequencies and perform logistic regression. An estimated 2,650,000 NYC adults reported being disturbed from sleep by noise at least once per week. Of them, 78% were disturbed three or more nights per week. Traffic caused 53% of sleep disturbances of three or more nights per week, with sources consisting of subways (7%), buses (9%), sirens (15%), garbage trucks (11%), and other traffic (12%). 75% of New Yorkers with noise-disrupted sleep three or more nights per week reported difficulty concentrating due to poor sleep at least once per week. Regression analysis showed that significant associations of having noise-disrupted sleep at least once per week were: sleep disturbed by light (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9–4.3, p<0.0001), use of physical (OR 7.4, 95% CI 5.2–10.4, p<0.0001) or medical (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.1, p=0.0004) interventions to mitigate outside noise, and race/ethnicity when compared to White Non-Hispanic (Hispanic OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8, p=0.001; Other OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0, p=0.0145). Associations with having difficulty concentrating due to poor sleep at least once per week included having sleep disturbed by light (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.6–5.8, p<0.0001), sleep disturbed by noise (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.4, p<0.0001), and use of physical(OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.1, p<0.0001) or medical interventions (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.2, p<0.0001). Noise pollution, frequently due to traffic, is common in urban environments. It has detrimental effects on sleep, leading to perceived concentration difficulty, even with attempts to reduce it. Additionally, in NYC, there are disparities in noise exposure by race/ethnicity, possibly related to inequities in the concentration of non-white residents in under-resourced neighborhoods. Although NYC has a noise code that sets decibel limits and quiet times, additional ways to reduce noise pollution are needed to complement the regulatory approach.

2349 - Effects of Ambient Noise on Sleep in New York City

Highest Scoring Abstract: Undergraduate/Masters Background Noise can be harmful to health. One effect of noise is disrupted sleep and poorer daytime cognitive performance. New York City (NYC) adults were surveyed to examine the frequency and sources of ambient noise that cause sleep disturbance, physical (e.g., wearing earplugs) or medical (e.g., using sleep medications) measures taken to reduce noise exposure, and effect on concentration due to poor sleep. Methods The data were obtained from a 2017 automated telephone survey using a Redirected Inbound Call Sampling method. Participants were screened to be 18 years and older and live in a NYC borough. Imputation was used for missing demographic variables and missing or “prefer not to answer” responses of key noise questions. SAS was used to calculate frequencies and perform logistic regression. Results An estimated 2,650,000 NYC adults reported being disturbed from sleep by noise at least once per week. Of them, 78% were disturbed three or more nights per week. Traffic caused 53% of sleep disturbances of three or more nights per week, with sources consisting of subways (7%), buses (9%), sirens (15%), garbage trucks (11%), and other traffic (12%). 75% of New Yorkers with noise-disrupted sleep three or more nights per week reported difficulty concentrating due to poor sleep at least once per week. Regression analysis showed that significant associations of having noise-disrupted sleep at least once per week were: sleep disturbed by light (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9–4.3, p Conclusions Noise pollution, frequently due to traffic, is common in urban environments. It has detrimental effects on sleep, leading to perceived concentration difficulty, even with attempts to reduce it. Additionally, in NYC, there are disparities in noise exposure by race/ethnicity, possibly related to inequities in the concentration of non-white residents in under-resourced neighborhoods. Although NYC has a noise code that sets decibel limits and quiet times, additional ways to reduce noise pollution are needed to complement the regulatory approach.

Surface Aging Effect on Tire/Pavement Noise Medium-Term Evolution in a Medium-Size City

This paper presents the geo-referenced acoustical results obtained throughout the close proximity noise (CPX) technique carried out on different urban sections included within the 2017 strategic noise mapping (Directive 2002/49/CE) in Ciudad Real, a Spanish medium-sized city. The employed methodology quantifies the tire/pavement noise generated in the contact between the tire and the surface of the studied sections. Measurements were carried out in different research campaigns between 2008 and 2015 (medium-term evolution). They give valuable information about the pavement-aging effect on its surface characteristics. Throughout these years, the acoustic situation of these sections has worsened mainly due to surface damage and higher mean profile depth (MPD) values, although the performance does not follow the same pattern in every section. The relationships between measured tire/pavement noise and theoretical environmental noise, just due to the geometric spreading of sound energy, is also studied in order to elaborate a simple rolling noise mapping and to assess the environmental noise evolution. Traffic noise plays the main role in the noise registered within the assessed sections, therefore, CPX assessment could be used by local authorities to take decisions regarding urban planning and traffic management, with the aim of reducing noise exposure from traffic.

Changing the Urban Sound Environment in Greece: A Guide Based on Selected Case Studies of Strategic Noise Maps (SNM) and Noise Action Plans (NAP) in Medium and Large Urban Areas

Within the frame of European directive 2002/49 for Strategic Noise Mapping and the relevant environmental Noise Action Plans, which included preparation for the management of environmental noise and the rehabilitation of the sound environment, Greece had the opportunity to develop an innovative and comprehensive methodology to analyze the sound environments of several urban and semi-urban residential neighborhoods in the large and medium-size cities of the country e.g., Volos, Larissa, Heraklion, Chania, Agrinio, Corfu, and Thessaloniki, between 2012 and 2016. This paper presents the determined multidisciplinary approach, showing how the environmental noise data are cross-analyzed with urban and architectural data and perception descriptors by inhabitants. Furthermore, it shows how these specific results have been implemented in the developed noise actions plans that have been proposed to the authorities for immediate implementation. Finally, the paper discusses the necessary development of this approach to reduce noise exposure problems, as well as assist the cities in their evolution toward the introduction of a sustainable urban sound environment.

Modeling of road traffic noise and traffic flow measures to reduce noise exposure in Antalya metropolitan municipality.

BackgroundRoad traffic noise influencing directly public health in the modern cities is a growing problem in both developing and developed countries. The objective of this study was to model traffic-induced noise in Antalya province, validate the model with noise emission data, and to run the model for the noise preventive scenarios.MethodsIn this study, modeling of traffic-induced noise was performed using SoundPLAN® software at Gazi Boulevard in the city of Antalya. Calculations were made according to NMPB-Routes 96, which have been accepted by environmental noise legislation of the European Union and Turkey. Fundamental data sets such as geographical, topographical and meteorological data, building information and population, traffic network, traffic volume and vehicle speed, and composition of types of vehicle were utilized for the development of noise prediction model. Eight preventive scenarios to reduce traffic-induced noise levels were simulated using the validated model considering traffic flow measures such as types of vehicles, vehicle speeds, types of road surface, redirecting portion of heavy vehicles to alternative routes and noise barrier usage.ResultsResults showed that increase in heavy vehicle speeds in smooth road surface conditions caused more increase in exposures than that of light vehicle speed. It was highlighted that it would be appropriate to use porous road surface to reduce exposures on population on high-speed roads. Furthermore, the number of people that are exposed to noise is significantly reduced by precautions such as alternative routes for heavy vehicles and speed restriction. These precautions reduced noise exposures by 25.5–63.8%. The results showed that the usage of noise barrier at the alternative routes in case of porous asphalt road reduced population, dwellings, and area exposed to traffic noise which is greater than 75 dB(A) as 63.8, 40.5, and 60.0%, respectively.ConclusionIt could be concluded that the outcomes of the noise prediction models based on the generated scenarios could be used for the purpose of decision support system and could be helpful for decision-makers on the noise legislations.

Development of the WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: An Introduction.

Following the Parma Declaration on Environment and Health adopted at the Fifth Ministerial Conference (2010), the Ministers and representatives of Member States in the WHO European Region requested the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop updated guidelines on environmental noise, and called upon all stakeholders to reduce children’s exposure to noise, including that from personal electronic devices. The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region will provide evidence-based policy guidance to Member States on protecting human health from noise originating from transportation (road traffic, railway and aircraft), wind turbine noise, and leisure noise in settings where people spend the majority of their time. Compared to previous WHO guidelines on noise, the most significant developments include: consideration of new evidence associating environmental noise exposure with health outcomes, such as annoyance, cardiovascular effects, obesity and metabolic effects (such as diabetes), cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, hearing impairment and tinnitus, adverse birth outcomes, quality of life, mental health, and wellbeing; inclusion of new noise sources to reflect the current noise environment; and the use of a standardized framework (grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations: GRADE) to assess evidence and develop recommendations. The recommendations in the guidelines are underpinned by systematic reviews of evidence on several health outcomes related to environmental noise as well as evidence on interventions to reduce noise exposure and/or health outcomes. The overall body of evidence is published in this Special Issue.

The reduction of gunshot noise and auditory risk through the use of firearm suppressors and low-velocity ammunition

Objective: This research assessed the reduction of peak levels, equivalent energy and sound power of firearm suppressors. Design: The first study evaluated the effect of three suppressors at four microphone positions around four firearms. The second study assessed the suppressor-related reduction of sound power with a 3 m hemispherical microphone array for two firearms. Results: The suppressors reduced exposures at the ear between 17 and 24 dB peak sound pressure level and reduced the 8 h equivalent A-weighted energy between 9 and 21 dB depending upon the firearm and ammunition. Noise reductions observed for the instructor’s position about a metre behind the shooter were between 20 and 28 dB peak sound pressure level and between 11 and 26 dB LAeq,8h. Firearm suppressors reduced the measured sound power levels between 2 and 23 dB. Sound power reductions were greater for the low-velocity ammunition than for the same firearms fired with high-velocity ammunition due to the effect of N-waves produced by a supersonic bullet. Conclusions: Firearm suppressors may reduce noise exposure, and the cumulative exposures of suppressed firearms can still present a significant hearing risk. Therefore, firearm users should always wear hearing protection whenever target shooting or hunting.

An experimental model to measure the ability of headphones with active noise control to reduce patient\u2019s exposure to noise in an intensive care unit

BackgroundDefining the association between excessive noise in intensive care units, sleep disturbance and morbidity, including delirium, is confounded by the difficulty of implementing successful strategies to reduce patient’s exposure to noise. Active noise control devices may prove to be useful adjuncts but there is currently little to quantify their ability to reduce noise in this complex environment.MethodsSound meters were embedded in the auditory meatus of three polystyrene model heads with no headphones (control), with headphones alone and with headphones using active noise control and placed in patient bays in a cardiac ICU. Ten days of recording sound levels at a frequency of 1 Hz were performed, and the noise levels in each group were compared using repeated measures MANOVA and subsequent pairwise testing.ResultsMultivariate testing demonstrated that there is a significant difference in the mean noise exposure levels between the three groups (p < 0.001). Subsequent pairwise testing between the three groups shows that the reduction in noise is greatest with headphones and active noise control. The mean reduction in noise exposure between the control and this group over 24 h is 6.8 (0.66) dB. The use of active noise control was also associated with a reduction in the exposure to high-intensity sound events over the course of the day.ConclusionsThe use of active noise cancellation, as delivered by noise-cancelling headphones, is associated with a significant reduction in noise exposure in our model of noise exposure in a cardiac ICU. This is the first study to look at the potential effectiveness of active noise control in adult patients in an intensive care environment and shows that active noise control is a candidate technology to reduce noise exposure levels the patients experience during stays on intensive care.

Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss.

Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss.

A Review of Non-Acoustic Measures to Handle Community Response to Noise around Airports

It seems obvious that the noise levels in local communities surrounding airports influences the level of acceptance of an airport. What is not so evident is the effect of non-acoustic factors that increase the societal rejection, like the lack of sensitivity and empathy from the authorities and airport managers, the lack of trust in them, the lack of information and transparency, the perception of being excluded from the decision making and so on. Complementary to the traditional strategies based on the reduction of noise exposure, a community engagement and involvement approach brings new possibilities to manage noise around airports, trying to exploit the non-acoustic factors that have negatively affected the community response. Building trust among the stakeholders is a key factor in this strategy, and it must be based on a long-term, honest, and transparent two-way communication. In the last decade, the huge growth of the information and communication technologies has opened new opportunities that the aviation organizations and stakeholders are starting to explore in depth trying to reduce the degree of rejection of the airport, which may compromise the utilization of existing and future infrastructure. In this review, we make a short introduction on aircraft noise health effects, to focus annoyance and the influence that non-acoustic factors on it. Then, we describe the basis of community engagement as a parallel approach to mitigate noise issues around airports, setting the focus on the noise metrics and the involvement techniques that must be implemented to engage the community.

A review about hearing protection comfort and its evaluation

Though it should ideally be the last choice in terms of noise exposure reduction, hearing protection devices (HPDs) remain the most commonly used noise control solution. However, the lack of comfort of HPDs can make it difficult for the worker to consistently and correctly wear them during work shift. It can thereby decrease their effective protection. Numerous studies have addressed the comfort of HPDs since the late fifties. These works mainly differ on (i) their definition of “comfort”, (ii) how “comfort” is measured (questionnaires), (iii) their measurement conditions (laboratory versus field, naïve versus experienced wearers, type of tested HPDs…) and finally, (iv) their conclusions. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive literature review of these works and to put them into perspective regarding a definition of HPD comfort based on three main components: (1) the physical one which is related to the human perception of the acoustical, biomechanical and thermal interactions between the HPD and the ear, (2) the functional one which is associated to the ergonomic aspects of the HPD and its capacity to fulfill its objectives, and (3) the psychological one which is linked to the wearer feeling in terms of acceptability, satisfaction, or habituation.

Engineering out the noise

The US Navy, through an Office of Naval Research (ONR) lead effort on Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), is investigating methods and techniques to mitigate hearing loss for the crews and warfighters. Hearing protection is a viable and increasingly popular method of reducing hearing exposure for many ship crew members; however, it has limitations on comfort and low frequency effectiveness. Furthermore, Personal Hearing Protection (PHP) is often used improperly. Proper vessel planning, programmatic changes and advances in noise control engineering can also have significant impacts by inherently reducing noise exposure through ship design and use of noise control treatments. These impacts go beyond hearing loss mitigation since they can improve quality of life onboard vessels and provide enhanced warfighter performance. Such approaches also can be made to work in the lower frequency range where hearing protection is not as effective. This paper describes non-hearing protection methods being implemented to mitigate and control noise within the US Navy and US Marine Corps. These approaches reflect the latest changes to Mil-Std 1474E, Appendix F.

Uncovering effective strategies for hearing loss prevention.

Occupational health agencies, researchers and policy makers have recognized the need for evidence on the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce or prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. While many workplaces comply with legal or obligatory requirements and implement recommended interventions, few publications exist documenting the effectiveness of these actions. Additionally, some workplaces have discovered through their own processes, novel ways to reduce the risk of injury. Peer-reviewed information on the effectiveness of the many strategies and approaches currently in use could help correct weaknesses, or further encourage their adoption and expansion. The evaluation of intervention effectiveness would certainly contribute to improved worker health and safety. This need is particularly relevant regarding noise exposure in the workplace and hearing loss prevention interventions. In a 2006 review of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Hearing Loss Research Program, the independent National Academies of Sciences recommended that NIOSH place greater emphasis on identifying the effectiveness of hearing loss prevention measures on the basis of outcomes that are as closely related as possible to reducing noise exposure and work related hearing loss (http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11721). NIOSH used two different approaches to address that recommendation: the first one was to conduct research, including broad systematic reviews on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss. The second was to create an award program, the Safe-In-Sound Excellence in Hearing Loss Prevention Award™, to identify and honor excellent real-world examples of noise control and other hearing loss prevention practices and innovations.

The Relationship between Vessel Traffic and Noise Levels Received by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca).

Whale watching has become increasingly popular as an ecotourism activity around the globe and is beneficial for environmental education and local economies. Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) comprise an endangered population that is frequently observed by a large whale watching fleet in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia. One of the factors identified as a risk to recovery for the population is the effect of vessels and associated noise. An examination of the effects of vessels and associated noise on whale behavior utilized novel equipment to address limitations of previous studies. Digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) measured the noise levels the tagged whales received while laser positioning systems allowed collection of geo-referenced data for tagged whales and all vessels within 1000 m of the tagged whale. The objective of the current study was to compare vessel data and DTAG recordings to relate vessel traffic to the ambient noise received by tagged whales. Two analyses were conducted, one including all recording intervals, and one that excluded intervals when only the research vessel was present. For all data, significant predictors of noise levels were length (inverse relationship), number of propellers, and vessel speed, but only 15% of the variation in noise was explained by this model. When research-vessel-only intervals were excluded, vessel speed was the only significant predictor of noise levels, and explained 42% of the variation. Simple linear regressions (ignoring covariates) found that average vessel speed and number of propellers were the only significant correlates with noise levels. We conclude that vessel speed is the most important predictor of noise levels received by whales in this study. Thus, measures that reduce vessel speed in the vicinity of killer whales would reduce noise exposure in this population.

Perception and Annoyance Due to Vibrations in Dwellings Generated from Ground Transportation: A Review

Over the past decades, the improvement of the quality of buildings regarding sound insulation has made it possible to reduce noise exposure. But this improvement has led to the increasing importance of other environmental nuisances such as vibrations. Just like noise, vibrations can also affect human health and well-being. National authorities are progressively becoming aware of the adverse effects of vibrations on human beings. One of these adverse effects is vibration annoyance. As a prerequisite for studying vibration annoyance, many research works have provided knowledge of how vibrations are perceived by human beings. But, until now, only a few large-scale studies have been carried out to gain knowledge of annoyance due to vibrations. This knowledge is of importance for public authorities in order to plan the development of transportation networks while taking account of this environmental nuisance (i.e. vibrations). Assessing vibration annoyance is a complex task that implies research work spread over various disciplines (e.g. human sciences, physics). This is why a review of knowledge in the field of vibration perception and annoyance is felt to be necessary. More specifically, this review focuses on vibration annoyance felt by inhabitants inside buildings and caused by ground transportation sources. Before dealing with the review of annoyance due to vibrations, the basics of human vibratory perception are presented. Then, annoyance due to a vibration exposure is dealt with. In particular, the way vibration exposure and vibration annoyance are measured and assessed is tackled. The main features and results of research works that aimed to establish exposure-effect relationships between annoyance and vibrations are described. Finally, this review presents a state-of-the-art of annoyance due to a combined exposure to vibrations and noise, since people exposed to vibrations are also often exposed to airborne noise. This review is non-exhaustive, but it can give to scientists and engineers working in the field tools for a better understanding of some of the factors to consider when dealing with the issue of vibration annoyance due to ground transportation.