Reduce Neck Pain Research Articles

Efektivitas penambahan mobilisasi sendi dan pelatihan stabilisasi pada non-specific neck pain

Background: Neck pain is a common complaint that often occurs in the community with a total prevalence of 86%. Non-specific neck pain cause problems such as: range of motion limitation, increased neck disability, and increased in the angle of forward head posture.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adding joint mobilization and stabilization exercise to ultrasound therapy (UST) intervention and stretching exercise in reducing neck pain and disability in non-specific neck pain.Methods: This study is an experimental study with a randomized controlled trial group design. Study participants were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n=14) was given UST + stretching exercise while the treatment group (n=14) was given UST + stretching exercise + joint mobilization + stabilization exercise. This study measures the effectiveness of therapy in terms of reducing pain as measured by a visual analogue scale, as well as neck disability with the Indonesian version of the Modified Northwick Park neck pain Questionnaire (MNPQ).Results: The results of the comparison test between groups showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the reduction in pain and disability scores between the control and treatment groups.Conclusion: The addition of joint mobilization and neck stabilization exercises to the intervention of ultrasound therapy and stretching training was more significant than the administration of ultrasound therapy and stretching training alone in reducing neck pain and disability in non-specific neck pain.

Role of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation in Text Neck Syndrome: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: Text Neck Syndrome occurs due to sustained Forward Head Posture (FHP) when smartphones are used constantly without any breaks for more than five hours and with improper posture. Long-term untreated text neck can cause inflammation of the neck’s ligaments, muscles, and nerves, leading to chronic arthritic changes. Literature provides studies evaluating the effects of physical or manual therapy, but there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) treatment in individuals with text neck syndrome. Aim: To determine the added effect of IASTM on text neck syndrome. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department of Physiotherapy, Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, from August 2022 to December 2022. A total of 22 subjects, with a mean age of 21.58±1.18 years, participated in the study. The subjects were then divided into two treatment groups (n=11 each). The experimental group (Group-A) received stretching, strengthening exercises with IASTM, while the control group (Group-B) received only conventional physical therapy (stretching and strengthening). The treatment was delivered for a twoweek period. The data were analysed using MedCalc statistical software version 20.210. Significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. For within-group analysis, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank or paired t-test was used depending on the normality distribution, and for between-group comparisons, Mann-Whitney tests were used for skewed variables. Results: The pain severity (p-value=0.0063) and neck disability (p-value=0.0008) were significantly lower in the IASTM group than the control group. Additionally, the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) (p-value=0.0001) significantly increased with IASTM (Group-A) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that IASTM and conventional therapy are individually effective in improving pain, disability, and FHP in text neck syndrome. However, adding IASTM to routine physical therapy showed statistically more significant results compared to physical therapy alone in reducing neck pain, disability, and FHP.

Education on Chin Tuck Exercises on Neck Pain for Batik Workers across the City of Jambi

Neck pain is a common problem that two out of three people will experience during their lifetime, 10% of all people will experience neck pain within one month. Injury/disease process to neck structures will result in muscle spasm and loss of movement function. Community service activities were carried out in June 2022 by giving leaflets about neck pain and chin tuck exercises, carried out 8 times. This PKM aims to be used as a source of knowledge and chin tuck exercises can be practiced on batik workers in Seberang Jambi City. The results of the evaluation both through questions and answers and demonstrations of the chin tuck exercise are that all batik workers can do these exercises independently so that they can reduce neck pain, muscle tension and increase cervical functional activities in batik workers.

Therapeutic and stabilization exercises after manual therapy in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain: A randomised clinical trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine and compare the effects of therapeutic and stabilization exercises prescribed to patients after manual therapy sessions on pain, neck range of motion and disability. MethodsThirty patients with non-specific chronic neck pain were recruited. After the initial examination, one session of manual therapy was conducted. The examinations were repeated to assess the effect of manual therapy on pain intensity and neck range of motion. After manual therapy, patients were randomly allocated into two groups: stabilization exercise group (SEG) and therapeutic exercise group (2 days/week/6 week). Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale. Joint movements assessed using goniometer and the lateral scapular shift test for scapular dyskinesia. In addition, disability status was assessed using a neck disability index. ResultsIn all patients, manual therapy decreased pain intensity and increased joint movements (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of exercise therapy, pain intensity, neck flexion, extension, lateral flexion movement and disability improved in SEG (p < 0.05). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that stabilization exercises combined with manual therapy had more positive effects among patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Implications for practice•The treatment for non-specific chronic neck pain should be supported with exercises after manual therapy sessions for reducing neck pain.•Instead of therapeutic isometric exercises, which are often clinically prescribed as home exercises, stabilization exercises may be preferred as they are performed by maintaining the neutral position of the neck and include stretching.

Prevalence of Neck Pain in Patients with Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and Short-Term Response After Operative Treatment: A Cohort Study of 664 Patients From 26 Global Sites.

Ambispective cohort study. 1) To define the prevalence of neck pain in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). 2) To identify associated factors of preoperative neck pain in patients with DCM. 3) To assess the neck pain response to surgical intervention. 757 patients with DCM were enrolled at 26 global sites from 2005 to 2011. A total of 664 patients had complete neck pain scores preoperatively (Neck Disability Index, NDI). The prevalence and severity of neck pain preoperatively and at the 6-months follow-up was summarized. Functional assessments of individuals with and without pain were compared. Associations of preoperative neck pain and related factors were evaluated. Preoperatively, 79.2% of patients reported neck pain while 20.8% had no neck pain. Of individuals with neck pain, 20.2% rated their pain as very mild, 27.9% as moderate, 19.6% as fairly severe, 9.6% as very severe and 1.9% as the worst imaginable. Functional status (mJOA), number of stenotic levels, age, and duration of symptoms did not significantly differ in patients with and without pain. Factors associated with the presence of neck pain were female gender, BMI ≥27kg/m2, rheumatologic and gastrointestinal comorbidities, and age <57years. Neck pain improved significantly from the preoperative examination to the 6-months postoperative follow-up (P < .0001). Here, we demonstrate a high prevalence of neck pain in patients with DCM as well as a link between gender, body weight, comorbidity and age. We highlight a significant reduction in neck pain 6months after surgery.

탄성밴드와 짐볼을 이용한 목 어깨안정화 운동이 경부 통증 및 경부 정렬에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of neck and shoulder stabilization exercises using thera-bands and gym balls on neck pain relief, strength of deep cervical flexor, and cervical alignment in college students with forward neck position. For this purpose, the exercise program was performed twice a week for 8 weeks and was divided into a thera-band group (11 individuals), a gym ball group (11 individuals), and a combined group using thera-band and gym ball (11 individuals). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), strength of deep cervical flexor, Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and Cranial Rotation Angle (CRA) were measured at week 0, week 4, and week 8, respectively. According to the results of the study, firstly, VAS, NDI, strength of deep cervical flexor and CVA improved significantly as the term of training increased in every group, but combined group showed the fastest and most significant improvements at week 8 compared to week 4. Second, CRA decreased significantly as the term of training increased in every group. However, at weeks 4 and 8 of exercise, the rate of decline was significantly faster for combined group and gym ball group than for thera-band group. To summarize the results, when neck and shoulder stabilization exercises using thera-band and gym ball were used on patients with neck pain due to frontal head position, positive results were shown in reducing neck pain, increasing the strength of the deep neck flexor and improving cervical spine alignment. Moreover, the group of combined intervention not only improved strength but also motor-sensory skills, which showed better results than single exercise trainig group, leading to implementation of combined training significant.

Effectiveness of Multimodal Rehabilitation Interventions for Management of Cervical Radiculopathy in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (Optima) Collaboration.

ObjectiveTo update the systematic review from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration and to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal rehabilitation interventions for the management of adults with cervical radiculopathy.Study designSystematic review and best-evidence synthesis.MethodsEligible studies (from January 2013 to June 2020) were critically appraised using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and Risk of Bias 2.0 criteria. The certainty of the evidence was assessed according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.ResultsFour RCTs were deemed acceptable and 1 RCT was considered low quality. In adults with recent-onset cervical radiculopathy, multimodal rehabilitation was associated with a trivial and non-clinically important reduction in neck pain compared with mechanical cervical traction; no differences in disability were reported (1 study, 360 participants, low certainty of the evidence). In adults with cervical radiculopathy of any duration, (i) multimodal rehabilitation may be more effective than prescribed physical activity and brief cognitive-behavioural approach; specifically, a small reduction in arm pain and in function was found (1 study, 144 participants, low certainty of the evidence); (ii) no difference in pain reduction was found between multimodal rehabilitation interventions compared with an epidural steroid injection (1 study, 169 participants, low certainty of the evidence); and (iii) compared with surgery combined with neck exercises, multimodal rehabilitation interventions lead to similar arm pain reduction and improvement in function (1 study, 68 participants, low certainty of the evidence).ConclusionThe evidence suggests that some multimodal rehabilitation care may provide small and trivial reduction in neck pain or improvement in function to patients with cervical radiculopathy.LAY ABSTRACTCervical radiculopathy refers to neck and arm pain associated with neurological signs and symptoms. Management of this condition involves clinical rehabilitation as the first line of treatment. A systematic review of the literature was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal interventions for management of cervical radiculopathy. This review suggests that multimodal interventions that include manual therapy to the cervical spine or neck-specific exercises, education, and a cognitive behavioural approach are associated with trivial benefits to patients with cervical radiculopathy. The review also found that adding medication (gabapentin), education, electrical stimulations, ultrasound, massage, and exercise to epidural steroid injection leads to similar outcomes as an epidural steroid injection alone. Finally, the evidence suggests that multimodal rehabilitation (exercises and education) leads to similar outcomes to surgery combined with neck exercises, pain coping, self-efficacy, and stress management strategies.

The Effect of Capacitive-Resistive Electrical Therapy on Neck Pain and Dysfunction in Horses

Neck pain and stiffness are increasingly recognized in horses and often treated using multimodal pharmaceutical and rehabilitation approaches. In humans, deep tissue heating is reported to reduce neck pain and increase flexibility. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of capacitive-resistive electrical therapy on neck pain and stiffness in horses. A blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial with 10 horses assigned to active and 10 horses assigned to sham treatment groups. Neck pain, stiffness, and muscle hypertonicity were assessed by manual palpation. Forelimb postural stability was evaluated using a portable media device with built-in inertial sensing components. All outcome parameters were recorded once weekly for four weeks. Using manufacturer recommendations, the treatment group received active capacitive-resistive electrical therapy to the lower cervical region (C4–C7), twice weekly for a total of six treatments, while the control group received a sham (inactive) treatment. Data was analyzed using a mixed model that was fit separately for each response variable. There were no significant differences noted over time or between groups for any outcome parameter evaluated. While neck pain and stiffness decreased by week three in both groups, the improvement was not significant. Limitations include the lack of a definitive pathoanatomic diagnosis of cervical pathology and in vivo temperature measurements. Capacitive-resistive electrical therapy was ineffective in reducing neck pain and dysfunction using the recommended treatment protocols. No short-term adverse effects were noted. Specific clinical applications and effective treatment parameters need further evaluation.

Immediate Effects of Electro Acupuncture Versus Laser Acupuncture on Pain and Disability in Women with Chronic Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Introduction: Neck pain is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide. This study aims to investigate the effects of Electro Acupuncture (EA) versus Laser Acupuncture (LA) on symptoms of women with chronic cervical myofascial pain syndrome.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty women with chronic cervical myofascial pain syndrome were randomly divided into three groups: EA, LA, and sham. The EA group received electrical stimulation through needles at standard acupuncture points, while the LA group received low-intensity laser irradiation at the same points. The passive laser probe was applied for the sham group. The outcome measures were neck pain pressure threshold, neck pain severity, neck disability, and cervical range of motion&#x0D; Results: The pain severity and disability were significantly lower in the EA group than in the other two groups. The neck range of motion (cervical lateral flexion and rotation) and pain pressure threshold increased significantly in the EA group immediately and one week after the intervention.&#x0D; Conclusion: Both EA and LA interventions may be effective in alleviating the symptoms of cervical myofascial pain syndrome, but the EA can be more effective in reducing neck pain and disability in women with cervical myofascial pain syndrome.

Chin Tuck Exercise Education for Neck Pain Batik Workers Across Jambi City

Neck pain is a common problem that two out of three people will experience during their lifetime, 10% of all people will experience neck pain within one month. Injury/disease process to neck structures will result in muscle spasm and loss of movement function. Community service activities were carried out in June 2022 by giving leaflets about neck pain and chin tuck exercises, carried out 8 times. This PKM aims to be used as a source of knowledge and chin tuck exercises can be practiced on batik workers in Seberang Jambi City. The results of the evaluation both through questions and answers and demonstrations of the chin tuck exercise are that all batik workers can do these exercises independently so that they can reduce neck pain, muscle tension and increase cervical functional activities in batik workers.

Breastfeeding-related neck pain: prevalence and correlates among Nigerian lactating mothers.

Breastfeeding (BF) is a physically demanding task and is predominantly performed in a head-down position as the mother attempts to maintain eye contact with the infant. There are possibilities of BF-related neck pain (BFRNP) that have not been widely studied. This study investigated the prevalence and correlates of BFRNP in Nigerian lactating mothers. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 310 lactating mothers selected from post-natal clinics in Enugu, Nigeria. Information on their BF profile was sought as well as the prevalence and characteristics of BFRNP using a self-structured questionnaire. It was found that cradle hold was the commonly adopted BF position (94.0%) and the majority breastfed ≥10 times daily (55.2%) for <30min per session (49.1%). BFRNP was seen in 51.7% of women, of which 55.0% reported moderate pain intensity and 60.0% experienced this pain during BF. None of the maternal characteristics and breastfeeding profiles were significantly associated with the prevalence of BFRNP (p>0.05). There is a high prevalence of BFRNP among nursing mothers. Although maternal characteristics and BF positions were not associated with reported BFRNP, the results suggest that changing BF positions reduces neck pain during nursing sessions. Therefore this study recommends that nursing mothers should regularly change their BF positions to increase relaxation and comfort.

The effect of helmet mass and aircraft acceleration on cervical spine loads during typical fast jet aircraft pilot head motions

ObjectivesGravitational Force (Gz), head motion, and helmet mass are associated with neck pain in high performance aircraft pilots. Few studies have quantified neck kinetics (intersegmental neck moments) during aerial combat manoeuvres. DesignCross-sectional. MethodsWe quantified net joint moments between the skull and C1, and C6–7 during typical flight related headchecks using the Musculoskeletal Model for the Analysis of Spinal Injuries (MASI). We measured the influence of pilot-specific helmets and Gz on joint moments. Nineteen fighter pilots performed four head checks (check6 left, check6 right, extension hold and extension scan) under two helmet conditions. Motion data were transferred to OpenSim where joint moments were calculated at 1G to 9G. Net joint moments were compared across helmet conditions, Gz and headchecks. ResultsThe Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) resulted in higher moments at each segment- by a factor of 1.25 per unit of Gz, at C1, and by a factor of 1.08 per unit of Gz for C7. ExtensionScan and Check6Left were associated with the highest peak (96.13 Nm and 92.56 Nm). ExtensionScan and ExtensionHold accrued the highest mean cumulative loads at C7 at 9Gz (607.35 Nm.sec/motion, 362.99 Nm.sec/motion respectively). Asymmetries were observed between the Left and Right Check6 motions. High variability was evident between and within pilots. ConclusionsThe MASI model has been successfully applied to quantify intersegmental neck joint moments for typical headchecks that are performed during combat flight manoeuvres. In future, data derived from this model may inform conditioning, rehabilitative and preventative interventions to reduce neck pain in fast jet pilots.

Efficacy of physiotherapy intervention on craniovertebral and craniohorizontal angle using on protractor mobile app and neck muscle strength in chronic nonspecific neck pain

Introduction and Aim: The chronic nonspecific neck pain is common in all age groups since it is non-specific it may be due to any reasons right from school children to elderly. Factors like muscle strain, worn joints, nerve compression, poor posture, neck pain are found to reduce the cervical angle. The aim of the study is to find the efficacy of physiotherapy intervention on craniovertebral angle, craniohorizontal angle, neck muscle strength and hand grip in subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Materials and Methods: The subjects with chronic nonspecific neck pain (n=30) were selected randomly from the physiotherapy outpatient department of ACS medical college and hospital as per inclusion criteria and divided into two groups. The pre-test and post-test measurements of craniovertebral and craniohorizontal angles, craniovertebral angle were measured using on protractor mobile app. The neck muscle strength was measured using modified dial sphygmomanometer and hand grip was measured using hand held dynamometer. Group A received craniocervical flexion exercise and group B received stretching and strengthening for a period of 12 weeks. Post test was conducted after 12 weeks. Results: The comparison within Group A and Group B pre- and post-test values in both groups showed highly significant difference in mean values at P ? 0.001, but group A which has a higher mean value is more effective in craniovertebral angle, craniohorizontal angle, neck muscle strength (Flexor and Extensor) and hand grip. Conclusion: The craniocervical flexion exercise given to chronic nonspecific neck pain patients was found to reduce neck pain by improving the neck muscle strength, hand grip strength and by correcting the craniocervical and craniohorizontal angles.

Effectiveness of Sub – Occipital Release Technique for Non-Specific Neck Pain

The main objective of the study is to find the effectiveness of sub occipital release technique in neck pain reduction, improving range of movement of neck and improving quality of life. Neck pain has a greater prevalence and is increasing globally because of various causes such as faulty posture, biomechanical causes in cervical, thoracic and scapular region. Tightness in the muscle leads to pain and decreased range of movements. This would reduce the performance of the person in day to day life and slowly will become partially dependent, and this has to be rectified in earlier stage itself. Even though, many research has been performed, they were performed only in the older age group, but not in adult age group. Variability in tension produces impact on structure and functions of cervical muscles. When there is an increased tension in cervical group of muscles, it produces imbalance in tone of the cervical muscles, which leads to neck pain and disturbed daily activities. There are various studies which had proved different methods of treatment involving various modalities, medications, exercises for treating nonspecific neck pain, but the effect of sub-occipital release technique is little understood and practiced. Hence an intervention with low time consuming and evidence based technique is needed. Sub occipital release technique helps to reduce tension in the muscles, thereby helping to perform daily activities effectively. This was an experimental study with pre-post test 20 samples selected from 30 volunteers based on the inclusion criteria. Group A is treated with sub-occipital release technique for 4 weeks, 3 days / week 2 sessions / day (Frequency: 3 times in one session). Control group performs isometric exercise for 4 weeks, 3 days / week 2 sessions / day (Frequency: 3 times in one session). At the end of 30 days of treatment session, there was a significant reduction of neck pain and increased range of motion of neck Flexion from 31.9 to 36.6, Extension from39.2 to45.0, side flexion from13.8 to 18.2, rotation from39.7 to 45.5(mean values), the mean values of VAS and NDI of pretest is 1.4 and 4.94; post test value is1.6 and 2.41.The result concluded that Group A who underwent sub-occipital release technique had more effective treatment in reducing pain and improving range of movements and functional abilities for non-specific neck pain.

Comparison Of the Effectiveness of Maitland Manipulation of Thoracic Spine Versus Grade I And II Maitland Mobilization of Cervical Spine on Pain Intensity and Functional Status in Patients of Cervical Radiculopathy

Cervical radiculopathy (CR) is a most reported pathological problem mainly due to herniated disc material causing nerve compression or the formation of osteophytes. This impingement specifically causes cervical pain radiating to arm, numbness, and sensory deficit. It also affects the motor function of the neck and upper extremities. Objectives: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Maitland manipulation of thoracic spine versus grade I and II Maitland mobilization of cervical spine on Pain, intensity, and functional status in patients of cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Total 32 patients suffering from cervical radiculopathy were randomly assigned to receive Maitland manipulation on thoracic spine along with Conventional Physiotherapy (intermittent cervical traction, strengthening exercises) in Group A(n=16) and Maitland mobilization on cervical spines along with Conventional Physiotherapy in Group B (n=16). Total treatment sessions given to each group was 9 (3 sessions per week). To measure outcome numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire was used. Data collection was done at the beginning and post-treatment. Results: The study revealed that the mean age of patients was 47.59 with a range minimum of 27 years to a maximum of 59 years. Comparison of post-treatment of both groups showed mean NPRS score in group A (Maitland thoracic spine manipulation) was 4.56± 1.031 and group B (Maitland cervical spine mobilization) was 6.12± 0.50, while post-treatment NDI score group A was 22.44± 10.09 and group B was 36.88± 8.437 with p=0.000 that was p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded that both Maitland thoracic spine manipulation and Maitland cervical spine mobilization techniques have similar effects in reducing cervical radiculopathy and increasing active range of motion. However, Maitland thoracic spine manipulation showed better results in neck pain reduction and improved functional status on the comparison.

앞쪽머리자세가 있는 만성 목통증 환자에게 PNF를 이용한 목안정화운동 적용이 자세와 기능 장애에 미치는 효과

The study aimed to determine the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) cervical stabilization exercise on pain, cranio vertebral angle (CVA), and neck disability index (NDI) in chronic neck pain patients with forward head posture. Following baseline measurements, 26 subjects (n=26) with chronic neck pain were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n=13), which received PNF cervical stabilization exercise, and the control group (n=13), which received traditional physical therapy. Each group participated in the intervention for three times per week, for six weeks. The visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain, CVA, and NDI Korean version (KNDI) of both groups were recorded at both pre- and post-intervention. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant changes in the post-intervention period compared with pre-intervention, and independent t-tests were used to analyze differences in the dependent variables between the two groups. After the six-week intervention, both groups experienced significantly decreased VAS and KNDI (p<.05) and significantly increased CVA (p<.05). The experimental group that received the PNF cervical stabilization exercise showed greater improvements in pain, CVA, and KNDI than those of the control group (p<.05). These results suggest that the PNF cervical stabilization exercise reduces neck pain and functional disability and enhances CVA in chronic neck pain patients with forward head posture.

The Effect Of Mc Kenzie Exercise And Neck Stabilization Exercise On Neck Pain On Garments

In doing sewing work, a tailor will arrange the work-place and the table into the most comfortable position which is sometimes a bit low and will cause the back to bend slightly and automatically the shoulders will be lifted to feel comfortable in sewing activities. A sedentary and monotonous position will burden the neck, shoulders, arms so that fatigue / discomfort / pain in the neck and upper-back area often occurs. Neck pain is pain is felt at the top of the spine. This is a sign that the joints, muscles or other parts of the neck are injured, strained or not functioning as they should. Neck pain is also a common problem. Two out of three people will experience it in their lifetime. To determine the difference between Mc Kenzie Exercise and Neck Stabilization Exercise Interventions on reducing neck pain in tailors at Bangko Lereng Market who came to Suparno's Independent Physiotherapy Practice. This research design uses a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test two group design using a purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were 25 employees and the samples were taken from 20 employees, who tailor garments at the Lereng market with neck pain. there is an impact of Mc Kenzie Exercise on reducing neck pain. There is an impact of Neck Stabilization Exercise on reducing neck pain there is no difference between Mc Kenzie Exercise intervention and the provision of Neck Stabilization Exercise in reducing neck pain. there is an effect of giving Mc Kenzie Exercise and Neck Stabilization Exercise interventions in reducing neck pain, but there is no difference in the intervention between those two. It is hoped that the sample can perform the movements that have been taught by the researcher independently in order to reduce neck pain

Placebo response varies between different types of sham acupuncture: A randomized double-blind trial in neck pain patients.

BackgroundIn prospective experimental studies of neck pain patients, it is difficult to determine whether responses to sham acupuncture differ from responses to real acupuncture due to the heterogeneous methodologies in control/sham interventions. Here we aim to compare the specific and nonspecific effects of electroacupuncture with four types of sham acupuncture.MethodsIn this double‐blind, sham‐controlled study, we randomly assigned 175 patients with neck pain to receive 10 sessions of electroacupuncture, shallow puncture, nonacupoint deep puncture, nonacupoint shallow puncture, or nonpenetration acupuncture. We used the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) as our primary outcome, and Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS), and Pain Threshold as secondary outcomes to measure the changes from baseline to a 3‐month follow up.ResultsAll groups, except nonacupoint shallow puncture, had significant improvement in all outcome measurements. Electroacupuncture only showed superior improvements than the shallow puncture, nonacupoint shallow puncture, and nonpenetration groups when compared using the NPQ and VAS scale (*p < 0.001). Interestingly, the nonacupoint shallow puncture produced even less placebo response than nonpenetration acupuncture.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the high variability of placebo response among different types of sham controls depending on the depth of needle insertion and the puncture location. An important implication of our results is nonacupoint deep puncture produced similar analgesic effects as electroacupuncture. Our study may shed a new light on the predominant underlying mechanisms among different types of sham acupuncture controls, which can help with interpreting the effect of acupuncture in other studies.Trial registrationChinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR‐IOR‐15006886).SignificanceThis study compared the observed specific and nonspecific analgesia effect in four different types of sham acupuncture stimulation with neck pain patients, assessed by four outcomes. Although all of the sham controls produced significant reduction in neck pain, electroacupuncture had superior significant improvement. Importantly, placebo responses differed significantly between the sham controls and responses were inconsistent according to different outcome assessments. This study emphasizes the importance of taking into consideration which sham control and method of outcome measurement were used in a pain research study when evaluating its results.

Clinical efficacy of diazepam after whiplash: a randomized controlled study.

Aim To investigate the role of short-term diazepam therapy for improving long-term outcomes and reducing neck pain after whiplash injury. Methods A total of 89 patients suffering from whiplash injury were included. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups: group A (study group), and group B (control group). The test group was prescribed with diazepam 5 mg tablets one time per day for 7 days and the control group did not get the recommendation to use diazepam. Three previously validated scales, Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire (WDQ), were used at different intervals (7 days, 6 weeks and 6 months after the injury). Results Among 89 patients, 50 (56.2%) were males, 39 (43.8%) females. The mean age of all participants was 34.80±12.531 years. According to the Mann Whitney U -Test, no significant difference was observed in VAS, NDI, and WDQ scores between the control group and study group at any time point (p>0.05). Conclusion Diazepam provides no substantial advantage in the treatment of whiplash, and accordingly, we do not recommend diazepam therapy in patients who suffered whiplash injury. The trial was registered in the database of the Federal National Library of Medicine (NLM) (https://clinicaltrials.gov) under clinical trials (unique protocol ID:1703016).

The efficacy of exercise programmes in reducing neck pain intensity and absence from work in fast-jet aircrew: A systematic review

The efficacy of exercise programmes in reducing neck pain intensity and absence from work in fast-jet aircrew: A systematic review