Reducing Sugar Levels Research Articles

Immunoreactive Response of Plast-MIPs to Fasting and Their Functional Role in the Reduction of Hemolymph Reducing Sugars in the Brown-Winged Green Bug, Plautia stali.

Animals survive nutrient deficiency by controlling their physiology, such as sugar metabolism and energy-consuming developmental events. Although research on the insect neural mechanisms of the starvation-induced modulation has progressed, the mechanisms have not been fully understood due to their complexity. Myoinhibitory peptides are known to be neuropeptides involved in various physiological activities, development, and behavior. Here, we analyzed the responsiveness of Plautia stali myoinhibitory peptides (Plast-MIPs) to starvation and their physiological role in the brown-winged green bug, P. stali. First, we performed immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the response of Plast-MIP neurons in the cephalic ganglion to fasting under long day conditions. Fasting significantly enhanced the immunoreactivity to Plast-MIPs in the pars intercerebralis (PI), which is known to be a brain region related to various endocrine regulations. Next, to analyze the physiological role of Plast-MIPs, we performed RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Plast-Mip and injection of synthetic Plast-MIP in normally fed and fasted females. The knockdown of Plast-Mip did not have significant effects on the body weight or proportions of ovarian development in each feeding condition. On the other hand, the knockdown of Plast-Mip increased the gonadosomatic index of normally fed females whereas it did not have a significant effect on food intake. Notably, the knockdown of Plast-Mip diminished the fasting-induced reduction of hemolymph reducing sugar levels. Additionally, injection of synthetic Plast-MIP acutely decreased the hemolymph reducing sugar level. Our results suggested responsiveness of Plast-MIPs in the PI to fasting and their functional role in reduction of the hemolymph reducing sugar level.

Insights of healthcare providers and patients on implementation of dietary/lifestyle intervention for reversal of obesity and type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study

Background: A diet plan that includes limiting eating frequency to twice a day along with other lifestyle modification was implemented as part of a campaign for diabetes reversal. The objective of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to practice of this self-management regime among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in urban communities.Methods: Participants included purposively sampled 10 diabetics recruited from 12 Diabetes Reversal Centres (DRCs) located across Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Gujarat in India. Additionally, healthcare providers (including 10 doctors and 10 coordinators) from these centres were interviewed. Data collection employed in-depth interviews using structured interview guides. Thematic data analysis was undertaken to identify themes.Results: Continued rapport and supervisory role of the healthcare providers in the DRCs was the key facilitator in helping patients to assume responsibility and adhere to the diet regime for self-management. Visible reduction in sugar levels and body weight were other rewarding benefits that motivated sustained compliance. Social and cultural aspects (including social functions and formalities) was a perceived barrier that interfered with adherence to diet regime and goals. A common suggestion from both the healthcare providers and patients was the need to expand this initiative through capitalizing on use of relevant technological devices.Conclusions: In conclusion, a self-management patient model where there is continued and active involvement of healthcare providers through all stages is a recipe for success. However, this initiative can be further strengthened through complementing it with individualized, context-driven solutions to address the barriers.

Quality of Three Forest Honey Types from Baduy Tribe, Lebak District, Banten Province

This study aimed to determine the quality of defective honey, bitter honey, and sweet honey produced by the Baduy community. The bitter honey was collected from locations where nectar was sourced from calliandra, mahogany, sengon, and kamboja trees. The sweet honey was collected from locations where nectar was sourced from fruit trees such as bananas, sugar palm, durian, jackfruit, and rambutan. The defective honey is sweet honey that produces gas and therefore it is bubbly and considered to be damaged by the Baduy community. The research applied the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard SNI 8664 (2018) to test the quality of honey. The results showed that defective honey fulfills five criteria, i.e.: HMF testing, ash content, insoluble solids in water, acidity, smell, and taste. Bitter honey fulfilled four criteria, i.e., testing of ash content, water-insoluble solids, acidity, and moisture content. Sweet honey fulfilled seven criteria, i.e., the testing of ash content, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, acidity, moisture content, odor, and taste. All types of honey did not meet the criteria of diastase enzyme activity and reducing sugar levels. This could be due to conditions and storage time of honey before testing.

EVALUASI SIFAT KIMIA DAN SENSORI PERMEN JELLY JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GELATIN

The purpose of the research to determine the concentration of gelatin that produce white oyster mushroom jelly candy which appropriate with the chemical and sensory characteristic of standard ISO 3547.2-2008. The research arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) by a single factor that is gelatin concertration on six grade of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% with four repetition. Data analysis of variance and a further test with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level. The results showed that the best treatment was found in 20% of gelatin concentration that produces flavor white oyster mushroom jelly candy with score of 2.98 (rather typical white oyster mushroom), elasticity with a score of 3.89 (chewy), color with score of 3.71 (like), the overall acceptance with score of 3.83 (like), the water content of 18.27% (bb), ash content of 0.25% (bb), reduced sugar levels of 0.28% (bb), and sucrose levels of 51.33% (bb) which appropriate with SNI jelly candy 3547.2-2008.

Nutritive quality prediction of peaches during storage.

Peaches (Prunus persica L. Batsch) are commonly consumed fruits with high nutritional value. We evaluated the nutritive qualities of peach fruit during storage. Heatmap analysis showed that protein, ash, and crude fiber contents clustered together, whereas fat and reducing sugars clustered separately. We then classified the nutrients into two clusters; cluster 1 showed low fat and reducing sugar levels and high protein, crude fiber, and ash levels, whereas cluster 2 showed high fat and reducing sugar levels and low protein, cruder fiber, and ash levels. Partial least squares regression and random forest analyses showed accuracies of 67% and 61%, respectively. Spectra at 1,439 and 1,440 nm indicated reducing sugars, and the spectrum at 2,172 nm indicated protein. Thus, Fourier transform‐near infrared spectroscopy could predict the two clusters based on five nutritive qualities. Our findings may help to establish guidelines for promoting the acceptability of peach fruits among consumers.

Characteristics of Saliva in FK Ukrida Students After Chewing Paraffin, Xylitol and Sucrose Gum

Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009 shows that national sugar consumption per capita reaches 12kg / year. Snacks consumed mostly were based on sucrose sugar and it turns out that sucrose is increasing the insidens of caries because sugar-based foods and drinks cause acid-resistant bacteria to obtain a suitable environment for growth. To overcome this problem sucrose was replaced with alcohol sugar such as xylitol, especially in chewing gum. However, it is still unknown the effect of xylitol on saliva. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were differences in salivary characteristics after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum by looking at salivary pH values, reducing sugar levels in saliva and salivary flow rates. Saliva collection is done by spitting method then the total volume is divided by the time of collection to get the flow rate of saliva. Salivary pH is measured using a pH meter while reducing sugar levels are measured using the Benedict's test. The sample for this study consisted of 50 Ukrida FK students. The results of this study indicate that the highest salivary flow rate is after chewing xylitol chewing gum. While the reducing sugar levels in saliva are only found after chewing sucrose chewing gum. For salivary pH values, after chewing sucrose chewing gum the most acidic pH was obtained when compared to after chewing paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From the research that has been done, after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, the highest salivary flow rate was obtained after consuming xylitol chewing gum, while the lowest was after consuming paraffin. Meanwhile, the highest pH value of saliva was after consuming paraffin and the lowest was after consuming sucrose chewing gum. Meanwhile, reducing sugar levels in saliva was only found after consuming sucrose chewing gum and was not found after consuming paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in the characteristics of saliva among FK Ukrida students after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum.

Pengaruh Berbagai Macam Pendinginan dan Pengemasan Terhadap Umur Simpan Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata)

This research was aimed to study the influence of kinds of cooling and packing on the storage life of sweetcorn in order to obtain the simple postharvest technology and easy to practice. The research was done during the February - March of 2005 in the Research Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. The reducing sugar analysis was done in the Agriculture Technology Faculty of Gadjah Mada University. The laboratory experiment was arranged ini 2 x 3 factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The cooling first factor was refrigerated in refrigerator to be compared to the hydro-cooling. Meanwhile, the polypropilene and polyethylene packaging were tested and compared to the unpackaged one. The flavor; reducing sugar, water content, percentage of nonconsumable part of sweetcorn, fresh weight of ears, and organoleptic properties were observed. The result showed that there was no significantly interaction between cooling and packaging on the storage life and quality of sweet corn. The cooling treatment was significantly influenced the starch and reducing sugar level as well as the packaging treatment. Refrigeration storage could significantly keep the level of reducing sugar to remain higher than the hydro-cooling, this treatment was also decreased the starch content, decreased the proportion of unconsumable part, and maintained the flavor. The polyethylene packaging significantly keep the level of reducing sugar to remain higher and relatively maintained the flavor than the polypropilene packaging or unpackaged, but decreased the portion of unconsumable part.

Optimizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in grape by using grape promoters

The efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been documented, but the optimization of this system, as well as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated multiplex genome editing, has not been explored in this species. Herein, we identified four VvU3 and VvU6 promoters and two ubiquitin (UBQ) promoters in grapevine and demonstrated that the use of the identified VvU3/U6 and UBQ2 promoters could significantly increase the editing efficiency in grape by improving the expression of sgRNA and Cas9, respectively. Furthermore, we conducted multiplex genome editing using the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 vector that contained the conventional multiple sgRNA expression cassettes or the polycistronic tRNA-sgRNA cassette (PTG) by targeting the sugar-related tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter (TMT) family members TMT1 and TMT2, and the overall editing efficiencies were higher than 10%. The simultaneous editing of TMT1 and TMT2 resulted in reduced sugar levels, which indicated the role of these two genes in sugar accumulation in grapes. Moreover, the activities of the VvU3, VvU6, and UBQ2 promoters in tobacco genome editing were demonstrated by editing the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Our study provides materials for the optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. To our knowledge, our simultaneous editing of the grape TMT family genes TMT1 and TMT2 constitutes the first example of multiplex genome editing in grape. The multiplex editing systems described in this manuscript expand the toolbox of grape genome editing, which would facilitate basic research and molecular breeding in grapevine.

Overall quality maintenance of grapefruit during cold storage using pre-storage neem leaf extract dipping

The present studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different concentration of neem leaf extract (NLE) (control, 10%, 20% and 30%) on physiological, biochemical, antioxidant properties, and fruit quality attributes of Shamber grapefruit during cold storage at 10 °C up to 43 days. Weight loss, peel weight, juice weight, rag weight, ascorbic acid, total sugars (TS), reducing sugars (RS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio and enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were determined. NLE treatments showed significant effect on postharvest quality attributes of Shamber grapefruit. NLE-treated grapefruit (30%) reduced the weight loss (16%), and retained maximum peel weight (9.02%), juice weight (25.56%) and rag weight (19.21%) than untreated control fruit. Moreover, high level of ascorbic acid, TSS, TA, and lower level of TS, RS and NRS were observed in NLE (30%) treated fruits. Enzymatic activities of SOD, POD and CAT of stored grapefruit were highly significant in NLE (30%) treated grapefruit during storage period compared to control. In conclusion, pre-storage NLE (30%) application was the most effective in maintaining various physiochemical properties such as weight loss, ascorbic acid, TS, RS, NRS, TSS, TA, TSS:TA ratio and increasing the antioxidative responses (SOD, POD and CAT) up to 43 days by extending the shelf life of Shamber grapefruit.

Study on Post Harvest Losses in Potato in Different Storage Conditions

The study aimed to conduct a comparative study of three most common potato storage conditions (in-house store, in-basket store and cold store) and to find the most suitable storage condition for farmers. The experimental work involved post-harvest loss assessment and study of pattern of respiratory and reducing sugar level for sixty days storage period. Total loss was lowest (4.38%) for cold stored potatoes and highest (13.04%) for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation was least (0.65%) and remained almost constant throughout study period for in-house stored potatoes. Reducing sugar accumulation gradually increased and was maximum (1.04%) for cold stored potatoes. Respiratory rate was least in cold stored potatoes which gradually decreased and reached 3.17mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of sixty days storage. Respiratory rate was maximum for in-basket stored potatoes which reached up to 6.55 mg CO2/kg/hr at the end of storage. Storage loss and respiratory rate are minimum for cold stored potatoes but showed high sugar accumulation. In-house storage do not suffer from excessive sugar accumulation but storage loss is maximum of all. In case of in-basket storage, besides being cheap and feasible, there is no problem of sugar accumulation and storage losses was also significantly lower than in-house storage.

Foot Exercise Movement Activities as Efforts to Lower Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Based on Riskesdas in 2018, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia based on interviews showed an increase from 1.1 percent (2007) to 2.1 percent in 2019. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that DM sufferers in Indonesia in 2020 will amount to 178 million people aged over 20 years and assuming a DM prevalence of 4.6%, 8.2 million DM patients will be obtained. The most data on visits from internal medicine policymakers at the outpatient clinic of Islamic Hospital in Surabaya were diabetes militus. One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot, which can manifest as ulcers, infections and gangrene and Charcot's arthropathy. The method used in this community service activity is carried out to increase knowledge and understanding of public awareness by doing foot exercises to reduce sugar levels. This community service activity is carried out by educating patients with diabetes at the Internal Medicine Department of the Islamic Hospital Surabaya. Diabetes exercise carried out by the GLC group which was carried out independently by the participants showed an average decrease in sugar levels with an average of 12.5 points with participants who routinely did regular exercise 4 times a week showing the largest number of points of decline. Sig. (2-tailed): Probability value / p value Paired T test: Result = 0.000 shows that there is a difference between before and after treatment. Implementation of diabetic foot exercises which were carried out independently at home by GLC patient at Surabaya Islamic Hospital A Yani

Threat Induces Changes in Cardiac Activity and Metabolism Negatively Impacting Survival in Flies

Adjusting to a dynamic environment involves fast changes in the body’s internal state, characterized by coordinated alterations in brain activity, physiological and motor responses. Threat-induced defensive states are a classic example of coordinated adjustment of bodily responses, being cardiac regulation one of the best characterized in vertebrates. A great deal is known regarding the neural basis of invertebrate defensive behaviours, mainly in Drosophila melanogaster. However, whether physiological changes accompany these remains unknown. Here, we set out to describe the interna bodily state of fruit flies upon an inescapable threat and found cardiac acceleration during running and deceleration during freezing. In addition, we found that freezing leads to increased cardiac pumping from the abdomen towards the head-thorax, suggesting mobilization of energy resources. Concordantly, threat-triggered freezing reduces sugar levels in the hemolymph and renders flies less resistant to starvation. The cardiac responses observed during freezing were absent during spontaneous immobility, underscoring the active nature of freezing response. Finally, we show that baseline cardiac activity predicts the amount of freezing upon threat. This work reveals a remarkable similarity with the cardiac responses of vertebrates, suggesting an evolutionarily convergent defensive state in flies. Our findings are at odds with the widespread view that cardiac deceleration while freezing has first evolved in vertebrates and that it is energy sparing. Investigating the physiological changes coupled to defensive behaviours in the fruit fly has revealed that freezing is costly, yet accompanied by cardiac deceleration, and points to heart activity as a key modulator of defensive behaviours.

The Effect of Corn (Zea Mays L.) Storage Model on Reducing Sugar Content

Corn is a food material that is easily accepted by the community, because it is a staple food ingredient. One of the causes of decreased maize productivity is the ineffective maize storage model so that the need for seeds becomes less available and affects the quality of the maize. The habits of the people of TTU Regency generally save the corn harvest by fumigating it in the kitchen, storing it in barns, and storing corn drums. The three storage models are believed to be able to increase the shelf life of corn longer and avoid powder pests. However, in reality in the field resilience only covers the quantity (availability) aspect, while the quality aspect is not given much attention. In connection with the constraints experienced by the community, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine reducing sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the storage model that can maintain quality and does not reduce reducing sugar levels in corn. This research was conducted from May to July 2014. The research method was carried out by testing in the laboratory. The tools used in the study were ovens, analytical scales, desiccators, and sample containers. The materials used were maize from the three storage models (fumigation, granary, and drum). The results showed that the highest reducing sugar content was in the drum storage model. In addition, the storage model for corn in the drum has the highest moisture content value of 15.26%.

Aspergillus awamori로 발효한 황기 열수 추출물의 이화학적 특성과 항염증 효과

Background: Fermentation of medicinal plants increases their absorption rate and bioavailability in the body. Astragalus membranaceus has been used as a raw material, but research in its use as a food ingredient is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the physicochemical characteristics and anti-inflammatory effect of fermented Astragalus membranaceus.<BR>Methods and Results: Astragalus roots were fermented using Aspergillus awamori for 4 days and their extracts prepared using hot water. The pH, total acidity (%), and reducing sugar (%) of the extracts were then investigated. The pH and total acidity decreased during fermentation. After fermentation, the pH and total acidity decreased, whereas the reducing sugar level increased. The active ingredients in fermented Astragalus were calycosin-7-O-ßd-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin. The calycosin contents was highest in the hot-water extracted samples fermented for 4 days. The other components were similar to those in control. Nitric oxide level was lower in the hot-water extracted samples fermented for 4 days than in lipopolysaccharide control group. The sample fermented for 4 days was confirmed to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.<BR>Conclusions: Our results showed the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory effects of A. membranaceus after fermentation using Aspergillus awamori. These results indicated that fermented Astragalus membranaceus can be used as a functional food.

Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of Sugar Beet Reveals Different Mechanisms of Response to Neutral Salt and Alkaline Salt Stresses.

The salinization and alkalization of soil are widespread environmental problems. Sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.) is a moderately salt tolerant glycophyte, but little is known about the different mechanisms of sugar beet response to salt and alkaline stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neutral salt (NaCl:Na2SO4, 1:1) and alkaline salt (Na2CO3) treatment on physiological and transcriptome changes in sugar beet. We found that a low level of neutral salt (NaCl:Na2SO4; 1:1, Na+ 25 mM) or alkaline salt (Na2CO3, Na+ 25 mM) significantly enhanced total biomass, leaf area and photosynthesis indictors in sugar beet. Under a high concentration of alkaline salt (Na2CO3, Na+ 100 mM), the growth of plants was not significantly affected compared with the control. But a high level of neutral salt (NaCl: Na2SO4; 1:1, Na+ 100 mM) significantly inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis. Furthermore, sugar beet tends to synthesize higher levels of soluble sugar and reducing sugar to cope with high neutral salt stress, and more drastic changes in indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were detected. We used next-generation RNA-Seq technique to analyze transcriptional changes under neutral salt and alkaline salt treatment in sugar beet. Overall, 4,773 and 2,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves and roots, respectively. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that genes involving cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis had simultaneously changed expression under low neutral salt or alkaline salt, so these genes may be related to stimulating sugar beet growth in both low salt treatments. Genes enriched in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, amino acids metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism were specifically regulated to respond to the high alkaline salt. Meanwhile, compared with high alkaline salt, high neutral salt induced the expression change of genes involved in DNA replication, and decreased the expression of genes participating in cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. These results indicate the presence of different mechanisms responsible for sugar beet responses to neutral salt and alkaline salt stresses.

Enzymatic production of sugar from fungi and fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass by a new cellulosomal enzyme harboring N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity

Cellulosomes are scaffold proteins displaying enzymes on the cell wall to efficiently obtain nutrient sources. CcGlcNAcase is a novel cellulosomal component. Based on sequence analysis, CcGlcNAcase was predicted to be a chitinolytic enzyme based on high homology with the discoidin domain-containing protein and chitobiase/ β-hexosaminidase C terminal domain. CcGlcNAcase expression was notably increased when chitin was present. CcGlcNAcase produced N-acetyl-d-glucosamine from various lengths of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. CcGlcNAcase bound to chitin (89%) and fungi (54.10%), whereas CcGlcNAcase exhibited a low binding ability to cellulose and xylan. CcGlcNAcase hydrolyzed fungi, yielding maximum 3.90 g/L N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. CcGlcNAcase enhanced cellulase toward fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass, yielding 18 mg/L glucose (1.32-fold) and 1.72-fold increased total reducing sugar levels, whereas cellulase alone produced 13 mg/L glucose. Taken together, CcGlcNAcase can be utilized to enhance the degradation of fungi-infected lignocellulosic biomass and exhibits potential applications in the wood and sugar industry.

Evaluation of Some Biochemical Properties of the Juice of Two Varieties of Sweet Potato Grown in the North of Côte d’Ivoire During a Fermentation Process

Like cassava flour for making “attiéké” (cassava semolina), the sweet potato tuber, after grinding followed by pressing, produces flour and juice. The present work aims to enhance this juice from the sweet potato by a fermentation which leads to an alcoholic drink. The process consists of five steps including juice extraction, gelation, enzymatic hydrolysis by millet malt, pasteurization and fermentation. We have followed the evolution of some chemical and biochemical parameter at each step of the process. The results indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis with millet malt increases the reducing sugar level by 10 times which was 0.074 g/ml ± 0.013 and 0.041 mg/ml ± 0.011 respectively for white-fleshed sweet potato and yellow flesh after extraction. However, the process drops the vitamin C level from 0.1 mg / ml ± 0.013 of white-fleshed potato juice and 0.05 mg / ml ± 0.002 of yellow-fleshed potato juice to 6.6 10-3 mg/ml ± 1.9.10-3 and 5.9.10-3 mg / ml ± 0.8.10-3 in the same order. The optimal production of alcohol during fermentation is obtained with a concentration of 40 mg / L of yeast to reach an alcohol level of 5.56% ± 0.1 and 4.60% ± 0.1 respectively for the potatoes. sweet with yellow flesh and white flesh after 6 hours.

Phytochemical test and physical chemical properties of rubber honey from three types of bees (Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Trigona Itama)

The rubber plant is one type of plant as a source of nectar for honey bees. This study aims to determine the characteristics of rubber honey from Apis melifera, Apis dorsata, and Trigona itama bees based on phytochemical screening and honey’s physicochemical properties. The observed variables consisted of active compound content, water content, honey color, pH value, acidity, Hydroxyl Methyl Furfural (HMF) and reducing sugars. Rubber honey samples were taken by purposive sampling from A. mellifera honey beekeepers in Jepara Regency, Central Java Province, T. itama honey beekeepers in Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province and A. dorsata honey beekeepers in West Bangka Regency, Bangka-Belitung Province. The results showed that rubber honey from the three types of bees met the honey quality standard based on SNI 8664-2018, except for the water content. There are differences in honey’s Physico chemical characteristics from the three types of bees, which include differences in the value of color intensity, acidity, HMF levels, and reducing sugar levels. All honey samples contain active compounds saponins, flavonoids, and phenols but do not contain alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The need for post-harvest honey treatment reduces the water content of honey with a dehumidifier tool to comply with SNI standards.

Caracterização físico-química e perfil de açúcares da polpa de sapoti (Manilkara sapota L.)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características físico-química e perfil de açúcares da polpa de sapoti. A polpa de sapoti in natura foi caracterizada em triplicata quanto aos seguintes parâmetros físico-químicos: teor de água, atividade de água, pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, ratio, cinzas, teor de ácido ascórbico, açúcares totais, redutores e açúcares não redutores. A determinação do perfil de açúcares foi realizada usando um Sistema de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (HPLC) e a concentração dos açúcares foi determinada a partir de curvas-padrão. O teor de água obtido foi de 76,21% e atividade de água de 0,991. O parâmetro ratio apresentou valor de 81,82 indicando um elevador grau de doçura. Os teores de açúcares totais, redutores e não-redutores foram de 12,38% de glicose, 10,81% de glicose e 1,57% de sacarose, respectivamente. O perfil de açúcares da polpa mostrou que a glicose apresentou maior teor (5,98 g/100g) seguido da frutose (4,85 g/100g) e da maltose (0,017 g/100g). Dessa forma, a polpa de sapoti pode ser utilizada como matéria-prima em formulações alimentícias doces em decorrência do perfil de açúcares, o que contribui para a valorização industrial do fruto.

The impact of home storage conditions on the accumulation of acrylamide precursors in potato tubers

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the impact of domestic storage conditions on total reducing sugars and free asparagine in fresh potatoes to understand the implications for acrylamide‐forming potential. Current advice to consumers is that potatoes should be stored in a dark cool place, but not in the refrigerator based on an expectation that home storage in the refrigerator will result in “cold sweetening” and increased acrylamide‐forming potential. Potato tubers of two common varieties (King Edward and Nectar) were obtained from four independent sources and were sampled from commercial store conditions on three occasions between November 2018 and May 2019. Tuber reducing sugar contents were assessed under conditions that mimicked home storage, at either 18 or 5°C during a 15‐day treatment period. There was a similar pattern of reducing sugar content in tubers from all four sources. For tubers stored at 5°C, reducing sugar levels showed little or no variation over the 15‐day time‐course. Differences in reducing sugar contents between varieties and between the source of tubers of the same variety were far higher than those observed dependent on cold storage. For tubers stored at 18°C, total reducing sugar levels remained the same or decreased over 15 days of storage. Decreases in sugar content were not consistent between samples, varying by sampling point, source and cultivar. Tuber asparagine content was independent of storage temperature with no significant differences in asparagine observed between tuber samples stored at 5 or 18°C for 15 days. In some tuber samples, storage at 5°C significantly retarded sprouting compared with samples stored at 18°C, indicating the potential for refrigerator storage to extend shelf life and reduce waste. The premise that home storing potato tubers at 5°C postpurchase increases levels of reducing sugars and therefore acrylamide‐forming potential is not supported by these data. Much larger sources of variation were from other factors.