Reducing Dentine Hypersensitivity Research Articles

Comparison of two desensitizing agents for decreasing dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal surgeries: a randomized clinical trial.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common problem with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by a short, sharp pain due to exposed dentin usually at the cervical margin. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two desensitizing agents for reduction of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) following periodontal surgeries. This study evaluated 96 patients who had one or two teeth with DH (120 teeth). The teeth were randomly allocated into four groups for treatment with 10% ethanolic extract of propolis (group 1), 30% ethanolic extract of propolis (group 2), Single Bond Universal dentin bonding agent (group 3), and distilled water as placebo (group 4). The degree of DH was determined according to the patients' response to tactile and air blast stimuli using a visual analog scale (VAS). The level of pain was also recorded before treatment and at 1, 7, 14, 21, 60 and 90 days after the treatment. All interventions (groups 1 to 3) were significantly effective in decreasing DH, and 10% and 30% ethanolic extracts of propolis were equally effective. The dentin bonding agent was completely effective at all time points. All three interventions (groups 1 to 3) effectively decreased DH at 60 and 90 days. This clinical trial showed all interventions were more effective than the placebo in decreasing DH. The tested propolis extracts were equally effective irrespective of their concentration. Application of Single Bond Universal had a fast relieving effect on DH. Propolis extracts and dentin bonding agent were equally effective in relieving DH in the long term. DH following periodontal surgery causes patient discomfort and hinders everyday activities. Propolis is a natural desensitizing agent with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, healing effects, and cariostatic activity. It also stimulates reparative dentin formation. Flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives are the main biologically active components in the composition of propolis. According to the results of this study, application of propolis is recommended for patients with mild or moderate pain. Dentin bonding agent could be a better choice when immediate effect is needed.

Efficacy Comparison of Nd:YAG laser, diode laser and dentine bonding agent in dentine hypersensitivity reduction: a clinical trial.

Dentin hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to external stimuli. Several modalities have been suggested for treatment of this condition such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and application of dentin bonding agents. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser, Nd:YAG laser and dentin bonding agent for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. In this study, 135 teeth of 22 patients diagnosed with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into three groups: In group 1, the teeth were irradiated by diode laser with 810 nm wavelength for 30 seconds and in group 2, the teeth were irradiated by Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength for 40 seconds. CLEARFIL SE BOND was applied on teeth in group 3. LLLT was carried out in 3 sessions with 7-day intervals between sessions, during a period of 3 consecutive weeks. Hypersensitivity was assessed by cold test according to the criteria proposed by Uchida at baseline, immediately after treatment and at 1, 3 and 6 months, postoperatively. Reduction of dentin hypersensitivity was observed at 3 and 6 months following the use of Nd:YAG laser (p < 0.001). Reduction in dentin hypersensitivity was observed immediately after treatment in all groups. Statistically significant differences in level of dentin hypersensitivity were found between groups at 3 and at 6 months (p ≤ 0.001). The reduction in dentin hypersensitivity by Nd:YAG laser was significantly superior to that in other groups at this time. The efficacy of Nd:YAG laser in reduction of dentin hypersensitivity was significantly superior to that of other modalities at 3 and 6 months.

Laser Effects on the Prevention and Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is an acute intensive tooth pain which can lead to dental annoyances during eating and drinking. Stimulating exposed dentinal tubules by either kind of thermal, tactile, chemical and/or osmotic stimuli is believed to be the cause of this pain. It is hypothesized that dentinal tubules' orifice occlusion (DOO) can help relieve such dental irritations. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of laser application as a prevention and treatment modality on DH reduction. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS) were searched among randomized clinical trials from January 2007 to December 2016. The extraction of data and quality assessments were carried out by different independent observers. Results: A total of 499 items were found of which3 9 relevant articles were extracted. The profound findings proved lasers' effectiveness as a treatment of DH. Although some of the researches reported no significant difference between laser and other desensitizing agents, most of the studies suggested that better results (both rapid and long-lasting) were obtained in combined modalities. Furthermore, the preventive role of this new technology has been emphasized as well. Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) and diode lasers reduce DH after bleaching. Lasers can also protect cervical restorations from DH due to tubular occlusion. Moreover, it is suggested to apply lasers in relief of DH following scaling and root planning. Nevertheless, a few researchers dispute its beneficence as a result of placebo effect. Conclusion: The results obtained from several studies in the present review revealed that the application of lasers is effective not only in terms of treatment of DH, but also in the prevention of this intensive tooth pain. Among various types of lasers, the application of Nd:YAG laser has shown the best results in DH treatment.

Clinical Comparative Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser and a New Varnish Containing Casein Phosphopeptides‐Amorphous Calcium Phosphate for the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Prospective Study

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Nd:YAG laser to that of a new varnish: MI Varnish with RECALDENT (GC), for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, with a follow-up of 6months. Dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated using a new thermal test never before used on dental tissue. A split-mouth design was used where teeth on one side received the same type of treatment. Twelve patients suffering from dentin hypersensitivity were chosen. Fifty-four teeth were divided into 27 pairs. Twenty-seven teeth received the Nd:YAG laser treatment, and the 27 contralateral teeth received MI Varnish application. Five parameters were measured, and the measurements were taken before treatment at baseline (T0), after 1week (T1), 1month (T2), 3months (T3), and 6months (T4) of the application. Air stimulation to obtain the Schiff air score, the score of discomfort according to the visual analog scale (VAS), the tactile score, and the thermal test that determines the minimum cold-stimulating temperature and the maximum heat-stimulating temperature were all used to assess sensitivity. Statistical analyses of the data were performed, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Exact Fisher tests and Chi-Square tests were conducted to compare percentages. There was a clear decrease in dentin hypersensitivity for both treatments (Nd:YAG laser and MI Varnish) especially between baseline and 1week, with maintenance of this state through the 6-month follow-up period. The difference between the two treatments was not significant, comparing, over time, the Schiff air score, the thermal test, and the VAS; however, the tactile score was significantly improved 6months after the application of MI Varnish compared to the laser (p=0.05). There was no significant difference between the two treatments, Nd:YAG laser and MI Varnish. Both treatments were effective and reduced dentin hypersensitivity immediately after treatment up to 6months.

Clinical Efficacy in Relieving Dentin Hypersensitivity of Nanohydroxyapatite-containing Cream: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Apadent Pro (Sangi) Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) dental cream to relieve Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS), compared with a positive control cream containing 20% pure silica (Silica).Methods:In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial, patients diagnosed with DHS and qualified to participate were randomized into two groups, nHAP (n=25) and Silica (n=26). Subjects’ baseline and posttreatment sensitivity were assessed using two pain scales, a four-point Dental Pain Scale (DPS) followed by a linear Visual Analog Scale (VAS), after the application of ice-cold and air stimuli. Subjects used custom-fabricated trays to apply their respective cream for 5 minutes once daily following brushing with standard fluoride toothpaste. Posttreatment sensitivity (efficacy) was assessed every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Mean treatment outcomes (percentage change from baseline) at each time point were compared using the Tukey HSD test for multiplicity (P<0.05).Results:With either air or cold stimulus, VAS and DPS indicated a significant (P<0.001) reduction in DHS at each time point with either nHAP or Silica. Comparing pain scales, VAS showed no significant difference in DHS reduction between the products with either air or cold. However, with DPS, DHS reduction was significantly (P<0.05) better with Silica than with nHAP at all time points with cold, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks with air.Conclusion:Both Apadent Pro nHAP and Silica dental creams are effective at promoting the relief of DHS symptoms. When comparing the efficacy of the two compounds to relieve DHS, results of the two pain scales were conflicting.

Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and combination with CO2 laser in reducing dentin hypersensitivity

Silver diamine fluoride application and CO2 laser exposure are new alternative treatments for dentin hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and CO2 laser in reducing the dentin hypersensitivity score. The study consisted of a single-blind, split-mouth design, and a randomized controlled trial involving 16 subjects with symptoms of sensitive teeth, with at least two hypersensitive teeth that were positive in evaporative or thermal tests. Silver diamine fluoride and CO2 laser were applied to the surfaces of the subjects’ teeth. This clinical study demonstrated that the application of silver diamine fluoride and CO2 laser reduced dentin hypersensitivity significantly (p = 0.000 for evaporative and thermal stimuli).

Treatment of single maxillary gingival recession associated with non-carious cervical lesion: Randomized clinical trial comparing connective tissue graft alone to graft plus partial restoration.

Gingival recession (GR) is frequently associated with non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) forming a combined defect (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate a new multidisciplinary protocol for CDs. Forty patients presenting 40 Miller's Class I or II GR defects associated with B+ tooth cervical defect were randomly allocated to one of the following treatments: test group (n=20), partial restoration (PR) of the NCCL, in which the apical border of the restoration was placed 1mm beyond the cement-enamel junction estimation, and connective tissue graft (CTG+PR) and Control Group (n=20), odontoplasty of the NCCL and connective tissue graft (CTG). Clinical, aesthetic and patient-centred outcomes were evaluated. After 12months, CD coverage rates were 75.3% (2.5±1.0mm) for CTG+PR and 74.6% (2.4±1.1mm) for CTG (p>0.05). The estimated complete root coverage was 60% (n=12) for CTG+PR and 70% (n=14) for CTG. CTG+PR resulted in significantly better dentin hypersensitivity (DH) reduction (p=0.034). Both groups resulted in aesthetic improvements; however, the CTG+PR group showed better gingival contour results. CTG and CTG+PR were effective to treat CD. Use of PR resulted in better gingival margin contour and DH reduction, without effect on CD coverage by CTG. (NCT02817763).

Dentinal tubule obliteration using toothpastes containing sodium trimetaphosphate microparticles or nanoparticles.

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of microparticles (TMPmicro) or nanoparticles (TMPnano) TMP associated with fluoride (F) in toothpaste formulations on the obliteration of dentinal tubules (DT). The dentinal tubules of bovine dentin blocks were unobstructed by immersion in 37% phosphoric acid solution. Blocks (n = 20/group) underwent mechanical brushing (2×/day) during 7days with toothpastes: placebo, 1100ppm F, and 1100 with 3% TMPmicro or 3% TMPnano. After that, ten blocks of each group were immersed in citric acid (pH 3.2) for 1min. The number, diameter and area of unobstructed DT, atomic % of chemical elements from precipitates, and the mineral concentration were quantified. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). Toothpastes containing TMPmicro and TMPnano promoted greater obliteration of DT and greater mineral concentration compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Placebo and 1100ppm F group presented similar obliteration but 1100ppm F group promoted higher mineral concentration. Higher Ca/P ratios were observed in groups treated with TMP; the acid challenge reduced Ca/P ratio for all groups. The atomic % of C and N was significantly lower for TMP toothpastes before acid challenge, but increased afterwards. It was concluded that the addition of TMPmicro or TMPnano to F toothpastes produced greater obliteration of dentinal tubules and higher mineral concentration when compared with 1100ppm F. By the addition of TMP, fluoride toothpastes may occlude the dentinal tubules, with potential to reduce dentin hypersensitivity.

Treatment of gingival recession by coronally advanced flap in conjunction with platelet-rich fibrin or resin-modified glass-ionomer restoration: A clinical study.

Aims:The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of coronally advanced flap (CAF) along with the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus CAF in conjunction with a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RmGIC) for the management of Millers Class I and Class II gingival recession coupled with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).Materials and Methods:Single and multiple Miller's Class I and Class II gingival recessions were chosen for the study. Twenty participants with total of 78 sites associated with NCCL bilaterally in the anterior and premolar region of maxilla were selected. Thirty-nine sites were treated with CAF and PRF and the remaining 39 sites were treated with CAF and RmGIC. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, relative gingival recession, relative clinical attachment level, NCCL height, NCCL width, width of keratinized tissue, and keratinized tissue thickness were measured at baseline, 90th, and 180th day in both the groups. The presence or absence of dentin sensitivity (DS) was determined at baseline and 180th day.Results:Both the groups showed optimal root coverage, with statistical significant difference in thickness of keratinized gingiva in Group I when compared to Group II from baseline to 90th day and from baseline to 180th day and also from 90th to 180th day. On comparing the DS between Group I and Group II from baseline to 180th day, Group II showed greater reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to Group I.Conclusion:The use of PRF along with CAF showed increased thickness of the keratinized tissue and the utilization of RmGIC resulted in decreased DS. Hence, the combination of CAF and PRF or CAF and RmGIC could provide a better treatment option in the management of gingival recession that is of esthetic concern.

A comparative evaluation of erbium, chromium:Yttrium-Scandium -Gallium-Garnet laser with three other desensitizing agents for the management of dentinal hypersensitivity: A hospital-based study

Background and Aim: This study evaluated and compared the immediate and 2-month desensitizing efficacy of Gluma Desensitizer, Seal and Protect sealant, fluoride varnish, and erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser in reducing cervical dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: Sixty patients each with at least one hypersensitive premolar were selected and randomly assigned to four groups: Gluma Desensitizer, Seal and Protect sealant, Duraphat fluoride varnish, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The assessment method used to quantify sensitivity was the cold air syringe, and the sensitivity was recorded by the visual analog scale (VAS), before treatment (baseline), immediately after treatment, and after 1, 2, 3, and 8 weeks. Results: The study results showed that there was a significant reduction in sensitivity at the various time intervals with all the four desensitizing agents – glutaraldehyde in methacrylate resin (Gluma Desensitizer), nanofilled methacrylate resin (Seal and Protect), sodium fluoride varnish (Duraphat), and Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that after 8 weeks of clinical evaluation, all therapies showed lower VAS sensitivity values compared with baseline, independently of their different modes of action. The study indicates that Er,Cr:YSGG laser can emerge as an efficient treatment alternative in the reduction of DH.

Diode laser in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity: A reliable approach

Aim: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to compare the clinical efficacy of diode laser and topical 0.4% stannous fluoride (SnF2) gel in the management of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: A total of 8 patients contributing 200 teeth with DH were enrolled in the study. The sensitive teeth were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 50 each: Group I teeth were treated with 0.4% SnF2 only; Group II with 0.4% SnF2 and diode laser irradiation in continuous, noncontact mode; Group III with diode laser only in continuous, noncontact mode; and Group IV with SnF2 and diode laser in continuous, contact mode. Pain/sensitivity was recorded using the visual analog scale before treatment, 10 min after treatment and 7, 15, and 30 days posttherapy.Results: All the groups showed significant reduction in DH. However, the use of both 0.4% SnF2 and diode laser in contact and noncontact mode showed statistically significant reduction in sensitivity (P < 0.001) when compared to SnF2 gel and diode laser alone. Conclusion: The adjunctive use of diode laser with SnF2 appears to be a promising treatment alternative in alleviating sensitivity.

Comparative Evaluation of Desensitizing Efficacy of Dentifrice Containing 5% Fluoro Calcium Phosphosilicate versus 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background:A considerable number of agents are effective in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). The present 2 months' randomized clinical trial compared the desensitizing efficacy of dentifrice containing 5% fluoro calcium phosphosilicate versus 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate in participants with sensitive teeth.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 participants above 18 years of age with a history of DH who displayed a visual analog scale (VAS) score of ≥ 4 to both subjective and thermal sensitivity in at least two teeth at the qualifying as well as baseline visit were considered eligible. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the following dentifrices: 5% fluoro calcium phosphosilicate; 5% calcium sodium phosphosilicate; and a standard dentifrice containing fluoride. Sensitivity scores (VAS) were measured at baseline, immediately after scaling and root planning, at 15, 30, and at 60 days.Results:A statistically significant reduction in symptoms for all treatment groups from baseline to 15, 30, and 60 days for both measures of sensitivity was observed. A significant reduction in DH with time for all the variables during the 8 weeks of the active phase of the study independent of treatment groups was noted. However, the fluoro calcium phosphosilicate group showed a higher degree of effectiveness in reducing DH, followed by calcium sodium phosphosilicate then standard fluoride dentifrices.Conclusion:Under the conditions of a clinical trial, the fluoro calcium phosphosilicate group showed a comparable reduction in the symptoms of DH.

Clinical Evaluation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite as Dentin Desensitizer

Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) in reducing dentin hypersensitivity individually or combined with fluoride. Materials and methods: Forty hypersensitive teeth from 10 patients with hypersensitive symptoms were treated using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) gel at different concentrations/ sodium fluoride (NaF) containing according to four treatment groups: Group 1; 15% nHAp + 1% NaF, Group 2; 15% nHAp, Group 3;25% nHAp+ 1% NaF, Group 4; 25% nHAp. The initial sensitivity levels were recorded using a verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) at the baseline visit. The responses were evaluated at 0, 1 day, 1, 2 and 4 weeks respectively for all groups. Results: There was a high statistical significant differences between pain scores before and after treatment for all treated groups. There was statistically significantly high difference between 25% nHAp and the other groups, as they need 4 applications for complete relief while 25% nHAp needs only 3 applications. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite with 25% concentration was the most effective in alleviating the hypersensitivity symptoms.

A randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of a new oxalate-containing sensitivity relief strip following professional vs self-application.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3.14% dipotassium oxalate monohydrate-containing strip on the relief of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). A second objective was to determine whether there was a difference in DH levels when the strip was self-applied vs applied by a dental professional. Sixty subjects were randomized into self-applied, professionally applied or placebo-strip groups. Dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated by a blinded examiner, using the Schiff Air Scale (SAS). A verbal rating scale (VRS) was also used to measure the subjects' perception of pain. Measures were taken at baseline, 30minutes, 4 and 8weeks post-treatment. There was a significant reduction in DH in all three groups (P≤.05) at 30minutes and 8weeks post-treatment. At the 4-week follow-up, only the self- and professionally applied (active ingredient) groups had a significant reduction in DH compared to baseline. When comparing the reduction in DH levels between groups, the only significant difference occurred between the professionally applied treatment group and the placebo group at the 4-week follow-up. There were no significant differences in DH reduction levels achieved between the self- and professionally applied groups (P>.05). This study confirmed the short-term (4weeks) effectiveness of a single application of 3.14% dipotassium oxalate monohydrate-containing strip. Self- and professional application were not shown to be different.

Low-level laser therapy may reduce dentin hypersensitivity after scaling and root planing

Low-level laser therapy may reduce dentin hypersensitivity after scaling and root planing

Reducing dentine hypersensitivity with nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

The present randomized double-blind clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of a dentifrice formulation containing nano-hydroxyapatite with a fluoride dentifrice and a placebo. One hundred and five subjects were recruited to participate in the study. A computer-generated random table with blocking to one of the three study treatments was used in order to have 35 subjects per group: (1) nano-hydroxyapatite 2% gel toothpaste fluoride free; (2) fluoride gel toothpaste; (3) placebo. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were instructed to treat their teeth for 10min twice a day with the provided toothpaste gel. The participant's dentin hypersensitivity was evaluated at baseline and after 2 and 4weeks using airblast and tactile tests. In addition, a subjective evaluation using a visual analogue scale was used. Significant lower values of cold air sensitivity and tactile sensitivity (p<0.05) were found for the test group at 2weeks and 4weeks. In addition, statistically significant (p<0.05) lower values of sensitivity were reported for group 1 compared to those for groups 2 and 3 at 2 and 4weeks, respectively. The VAS scores were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the test group at 2 and 4weeks compared to those at baseline and in the control groups. The application of nano-hydroxyapatite in gel toothpaste fluoride free is an effective desensitizing agent providing relief from symptoms after 2 and 4weeks.

КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ ЗУБНОЙ ПАСТЫ ПРИ ГИПЕРЕСТЕЗИИ ДЕНТИНА

Background Dental hypersensitivity is one of the most commonly experienced dental pathologies. Tooth hypersensitivity is most commonly associated with loss of hard tissue due to caries, increased abrasion, erosion of enamel, wedge-shaped defects and gingival recession. Systemic mechanisms in dentine hypersensitivity (DH) development have a neurological nature and occur against the background of chronic somatic diseases; the treatment and prevention of hypersensitivity generally employs combination therapeutic approaches. With limited forms of DH, local treatment aimed at protecting the tooth pulp nerve endings is usually sufficient. The most widely available carrier of mineral components for remineralisation therapy is toothpaste, the effectiveness of which depends on its composition. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical effectiveness of «SENSODYNE® Restoration and Protection» toothpaste for reducing dentine hypersensitivity. Methods An evaluation of the stomatological status, prevalence and intensity of dentine sensitivity and effectiveness of treatment when using «SENSODYNE® Restoration and Protection» toothpaste was carried out in 55 patients aged 21 to 34 years who did not have chronic somatic diseases or bad habits. In order to determine the intensity of the pain response, the visual analogue (VAS) and numeric rating (NRS) scales were used; these are equally verbal rating scale (VRS) was also used. Results On the basis of clinical methods – as well as referring to visual, verbal and numerical rating scales – it was established that the effectiveness of one month of treatment was 94.2 % and 100 % respectively. Conclusions The use of «Sensodyne® Restoration and Protection» toothpaste contributed to a significant improvement of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity as well as a reducing or eliminating hypersensitivity of the hard tissues of teeth and bleeding gums, as confirmed by the positive dynamics of the studied parameters.

The analysis of cytotoxicity of an experimental preparation used for the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity.

The problem of effective treatment of dentin hypersensitivity is still valid and not fully resolved. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential toxicity against body tissues of an experimental preparation which is supposed to reduce dentin hypersensitivity and to compare it to a commercial formulation Seal & Protect (Dentsply) by means of measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (the MTT assay). The study used an original protective formulation which is supposed to eliminate hypersensitivity of dentin. A commercial preparation Seal & Protect (Dentsply) was used as the comparative material. Cytotoxic activity of the tested preparations (experimental and commercial) on murine lymphocyte cells CCL-1™ (NCTC clone 929) was determined in indirect contact with the use of the MTT test that measured the activity of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme. A comparison of the results obtained in the MTT assay for the commercial preparation Seal & Protect (Dentsply) and the experimental formulation indicates that an experimental formulation has considerably lower cytotoxicity before polymerization, when compared to the commercial formulation, regardless of its dilution. However, after the polymerization of the commercial formulation was completed, its parameters improved significantly, especially for higher dilution values (1 : 10 and 1 : 15). Results for the experimental formulation are higher, particularly for the dilution value of 1 : 5. The overall summary of the results obtained from the MTT assay for the commercial preparation Seal & Protect (Dentsply) and the experimental formulation indicates that the experimental formulation had a significantly lower cytotoxicity before polymerization in comparison with the commercial formulation, regardless of dilution. Estimating the biocompatibility of a given material is not simple, and measurement methods are rapidly evolving, as more and more is known about the interaction between dental materials and oral tissues, and also as a result of improvements in testing techniques.

Effect of diode lasers in treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity

Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is characterized by a nonspontaneous, an acute short- or long-lasting pain originating from exposure of the dentinal tubules or dentine to the thermal, chemical, mechanical, or osmotic stimuli, which cannot be attributed to any other dental pathology. There are a lot of treatments; one of these is lasers. Laser therapy was first introduced as a potential method for treating DH in the mid-1980s. Various types of laser used in treatment include low-power lasers He-Ne (632.5 nm), diode lasers (DLs) with various wavelengths 810, 940, and 980 nm, and medium-power lasers as Nd:YAG (1064 nm), CO2 (10600 nm), Er:YAG (2940 nm), and Er, Cr:YSGG (2780 nm). He-Ne (632.5 nm) and DLs have analgesic effect; they can have effect alone or with combination with desensitizing agents. Aim of Study: To appraise and assess the efficiency of different techniques using DLs 810 and 980 nm alone or in combination with different desensitizing agents in the management and treatment of DH. Materials and Methods: A total of 138 articles are included; then, according to exclusion criteria, 46 articles are included; after specific exclusion criteria and evaluation of the articles, they become 35 articles. Regarding exclusion criteria as some titles are not related to the title of literature and discuss other issues, from the 35 articles, there were five systematic review articles and 22 in vivo and 8 in vitro studies. Results: 980 nm and 810 DLs are effective in reduction or treatment of DH alone or in combination with desensitizing agents. DLs and in combination with desensitizing materials are very efficient and precise than treatment done by DLs alone; there is no effect on the pulp tissue as the temperature does not exceed the threshold temperature (5.5°C). Conclusion: 810 and 980 DLs are effective in the treatment and reduction of DH, DLs with different wavelengths alone or with desensitizing materials are efficient, and there is no effect on the pulp tissue as the temperature does not exceed the threshold temperature.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite and 8% Arginine Containing Toothpastes in Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity: Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the effects of Nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste as compared to 8% Arginine containing toothpaste in the management of Dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Patients (30 in each group) suffering from DH and eliciting a VAS score higher than 2 in air blast and tactile test were randomly allocated (block randomization) into either a group 1 (arginine toothpaste) or group 2 (nHA toothpaste). The primary outcome evaluated was the reduction of DH as measured by the electrical stimulus reading on the digital pulp tester. Current required for eliciting a VAS score of 2 was recorded before application of dentifrice. 1 cm of toothpaste was then expressed on the tooth surface for two minutes in each group and rinsed off. The electrical stimulus required to elicit a VAS score of 2 was recorded after 5 minutes, 1 week and 4 weeks. The desensitizing paste containing arginine provided a statistically significant reduction in DH and so did the paste containing nHA. Mean increase in amperage value (reduction in DH) was higher for nHA based than the arginine containing dentifrice. This difference was not statistically significant showing that both toothpastes are equally effective. The findings of the present study encourage the use of Nano-hydroxyapatite and arginine containing dentifrice as an effective desensitizing agent providing relief from symptoms 5 minutes after application and after 1 and 4 weeks.