Background: Little is known about how food prices affected children’s nutrient intakes after China’s entry to the World Trade Organization, which has substantial policy implications.Objective: To assess the differential effects of food price change on the distributions of macronutrient intakes in children (6‐18yrs) in Urban China and to simulate potential policy effect.Methods: The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data (2000‐2006) with about 1000 children. Quantile regression (QR) and counterfactual analysis were used.Results: Every one Chinese Yuan increase of oil price was associated with about 3 kcal/day (p<0.01) reduction in energy intake from fat for those whose fat intake was below 70 percentile of the fat intake distribution in 2000. In 2006, oil price effect became insignificant. One Chinese Yuan increase in rice price was associated with about 85 kcal/day (p<0.1) energy intake decrease from carbohydrates among those above 90 percentile of the carbohydrate distribution in 2000 with insignificant effect at lower portion of the distribution, which was in contrast with 2006, when rice price effect had a peak impact of 30 kcal/day (p<0.01) at 60 percentile. Protein intake was insensitive to price changes. Counterfactual analysis suggested a 10% increase in rice price would lead to the most effective energy intake reduction ranging from 7‐14 kcal/day.Conclusions: Food prices have differential effects on dietary intakes. Reducing carbohydrate intake could potentially be most effective through pricing instruments.Grant Funding Source: NIH/NICHD (U54 HD070725‐01)