Reduce Blood Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Brebes Shallot Skin Waste Feed Mixture as a Lowering of Tegal Duck Cholesterol Levels

Onion skin is one of the causes of waste in Brebes Regency. Handling shallot skins can be done by utilizing them as feed additive for ducks, which are also commonly encountered. Onion skin contains active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols, which can act as an antibacterial and as an alternative herbal feed additive replacement for antibiotics. Shallot skin contains compounds that can reduce cholesterol levels. This study aims to analyze the addition of shallot skin waste flour in feed to see the level of cholesterol (LDL) reduction in the blood of Tegal ducks and their hemoglobin levels. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a single factor with three levels of treatment and repetition. The results of the addition of shallot skin waste flour showed a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels in Tegal ducks. The results showed that the average cholesterol level for the first treatment was 9.8 mg/dl, the second treatment was 3.4 mg/dl, and the third treatment was 1.3 mg/dl. The lowest cholesterol content was found in ducks with the addition of 30% shallot skin flour feed.

Bay leaf decoction water and low-impact aerobic exercise impact on blood cholesterol levels

Hypercholesterolemia is a global health concern, including in Indonesia, potentially leading to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke if left untreated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bay leaf decoction and low-impact aerobic exercise on reducing blood cholesterol levels in patients. Used a quasi-experimental design with 120 participants, randomly assigned to two groups, the first group consumed bay leaf decoction (100 ml, twice daily for 7 days), while the second group underwent low-impact aerobic exercise (3 times a week for 7 days). Blood cholesterol levels were measured, and paired t-tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results revealed that both interventions significantly lowered cholesterol levels after 7 days (p<0.001 for bay leaf decoction and p=0.001 for low-impact aerobics). The bay leaf decoction group achieved the highest reduction at 25.3 mg/dl. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of bay leaf decoction and low-impact aerobic exercise as non-pharmacological approaches to manage blood cholesterol levels. It reinforces the notion that these interventions can be valuable in addressing hypercholesterolemia.

Bioactivities and ethnopharmacology of Sesamum indicum L seed oil

Since time immemorial, humans have utilized plants such as sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to meet their needs and treat illnesses. Sesame oil (SO) is derived from the seeds and serves several therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to identify the ethnobotanical indications and proven biological activities of SO. An integrative review was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. The main search strategy included the following health science descriptors: 'World Population,' 'Sesamum,' and 'Pharmacologic Actions,' organized using the Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR.' Studies were included based on the following criteria: I) Clinical studies on medicinal indications, II) Proven bioactivities, III) In vivo studies, and IV) In vitro studies. Exclusions were made for a) secondary research and b) studies that did not specifically address indications and effects of Sesamum indicum. The risk of research bias will be assessed using the Downs & Black's tool. Thirty-four studies were selected to comprise the final sample of this research. The biological activity of seed oil of sesame is the result of a combination of different chemical components.action in cardiovascular diseases can be attributed to lignans, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity can be attributed to sesamin and sesamol, respectively. The antioxidants present in the plant can help reduce oxidative stress in renal tissues. The omega-6 fatty acid present in sesame oil, has been associated with neuroprotective properties. Phytosterols, such as β-sitosterol found in the plant, have wound healing activities. Sesame also plays a role in reducing blood cholesterol levels, among other biological activities. This adds commercial value to the product and enables studies that can support the development of new nutritionally and therapeutically valuable medications. These findings contribute to the commercial value of the product and support the conduct of studies that can facilitate the development of new drugs and food products with high nutritional and therapeutic value.

Effect Of Combination Decafeinated Green Tea and Green Coffee In Reducing Cholesterol Levels In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Green tea and green coffee are natural ingredients that improve cholesterol levels. Combining the two in experimental animal studies provides more significant benefits when compared to single administration in reducing cholesterol levels. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee as adjuvant treatments in reducing blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 90 metabolic syndrome patients determined according to the IDF criteria for Asian people aged 50–70. All subjects received atorvastatin 20 mg and were divided into three groups. Participants in Group 1 received decaffeinated green tea and green coffee 2.5 grams twice daily, Group 2 received 5 grams daily, and Group 3 received a placebo. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: At 90 days, after administration of the extract of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee, we found that the concentration of total cholesterol in Group 1 and Group 2 was significantly reduced compared to the placebo (-50 ± 6.1 vs. -62.8 ± 5.9 vs. -22.5 ± 5.8 mg/dL; p= <0.05). But there was no significant difference in reduction of total cholesterol levels between the first and second groups. The other parameters also decreased, but not significantly compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Administration of a combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and green coffee as an adjunctive therapy can reduce the average total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels more than placebo, but only total cholesterol has a significant difference compared to other cholesterol components.

Investigation of the influence of fermentation conditions on the content of biologically active substances of the phenolic complex in young red wines

The article presents data on the study of the influence of fermentation conditions on the content of biologically active substances of the phenolic complex in young red wines.Red wines, due to the high content of phenolic substances in them, have P-vitamin activity, antiglycemic, antihepatoxic and antimutagenic effects, as well as antimicrobial and other types of biological activity. Many of the phenolic substances act as natural antioxidants, have a radical-cleansing ability, and help reduce blood cholesterol levels. Thanks to these properties, red wines contribute to the prevention of many diseases and correct the antioxidant status of a person.The objects of the research are wine materials obtained from grapes of the Moldova variety by the method of carbon dioxide maceration, with a process duration of 4 days or 7 days. In the second case, additional introduction of carbon dioxide of exogenous origin hasa been used. As a control one, wine material obtained by traditional technology has been used, as a result of must fermentation on pulp with a floating cap.The influence of fermentation conditions on the total content of monomeric and polymeric phenolic compounds, as well as on the mass concentration of individual phenolic acids and flavonoids, has been studied.It has been established that an increase in the duration of maceration of a bunch of grapes up to 7 days, as well as the additional introduction of CO2 of exogenous origin, have contributed to the intensification of extraction processes and led to a natural increase in the concentration of substances of the phenolic complex.Thus, the possibility of using carbon dioxide maceration, which ensures the optimal accumulation of substances of the phenolic complex, has been established for the production of young red table wines, especially when processing high-acid grape varieties with a high content of anthocyanins and tannin. Carrying out carbon dioxide maceration of whole bunches of grapes under conditions of anaerobiosis has contributed to the preservation of biologically active substances in wine, including vitamins, stilbenes, phenolcarboxylic acids.

In vitro Antioxidant Potential and In vivo Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Moroccan Equisetum ramosissimum

Background: Equisetum ramosissimum is a pteridophyte plant used in Moroccan traditional medicine for its diuretic and antidiabetic properties. The species is known to reduce blood cholesterol levels and is given in cases of gonorrhea. Objective: The present work aims to explore the potential use of the crude butanolic (BE) and methanolic (ME) extracts of E. ramosissimum in the management of pain, inflammation and oxidative stress, and their chemical characterization. Methods: The phytochemical investigation of E. ramosissimum was initially done by colorimetric methods, followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). Its antioxidant activity was evaluated using radical scavenging activity in 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), reducing power and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assays. The analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid in mice and hot-plate-test in rat models. Rate paw edema and ear edema were used as anti-inflammatory models. Results: The chemical quantification revealed appreciable levels of phenolic compounds. The results of HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS highlighted the presence of kaempferol3-O-sophoroside7-Oglucoside, kaempferol3,7-O-diglucoside, vanillin, ferulic acid and tannic acid. The maximum IC50 was obtained for BE by DPPH test (0.064±0.0004mg/mL). BE exhibited an interesting antinociceptive effect; inhibition of writhes, 3.83±0.48 at 600mg/kg, increased the latency period on the hotplate- test, i.e., 14.98S±0.57S at 400mg/kg after 120min. Furthermore, the results reported a significant inhibition of rate-paw edema and ear edema for both extracts at a dose of 400mg/kg. Conclusion: BE and ME of E. ramosissimum were found to contain a significant amount of flavonoids, especially derivatives of kaempferol, which can explain the interesting effectiveness properties. Possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries are suggested.

The.Effect.of.Giving.Noni.Fruit.Extract.Microcapsules (Morinda.Citrifolia L.) as.Feed Additive on Blood Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Sentul Chicken

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of microcapsules of noni fruit extract as a feed additive to replace AGP on blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Sentul chickens.. The research was done from April until July 2022. The method used experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the effect of treatment was using Analysis of Variance then followed by Duncan test. The treatments consisted of 5 types with 4 repetitions, those are P0 = Basal feed that did not contain microcapsules of noni fruit extract, P1 = Basal feed + 50 mg/kg zinc bacitracin, P2 = Basal feed + 125 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules, P3 = Basal feed + 250 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules, and P4 = Basal feed + 375 mg/kg noni fruit extract microcapsules. Samples test was held in Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Animal Husbandry, University of Padjadjaran. The observed variables were blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The results showed that the effect of giving noni fruit extract microcapsules non significant effect (P>0.05) on reducing blood cholesterol levels, but was significant (P<0.05) on reducing blood triglyceride levels. The conclusion of the research that giving of noni fruit extract microcapsules as a feed additive with levels of 125 mg/kg could replace AGP in reduce blood triglyceride levels, but could not decrease blood cholesterol levels in Sentul chickens.

Prebiotic, Antipathogenic Bacteria and Hypocholesterolemia Properties of Fermented Rice Bran Extracts Derived from Black Rice and Germinated Brown Rice.

Rice bran is a rich source of health-promoting nutrition and bioactive compounds; nevertheless, the properties of rice brans depend on cultivars, ages, and preparation methods, drawing the potential of raw materials for health benefits. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the health-promoting properties of fermented rice bran extracts from cultivar black rice (H7F) and germinated brown rice (G13F), focusing on their prebiotic, antipathogenic bacteria activity and safety demonstrated in vitro and in vivo study models, respectively. Here, the screening of metabolites' change after rice bran fermentation by ATR-FTIR spectra revealed specific peaks corresponding to the composited components of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid. Then, in the in vitro study, the prebiotic capability of H7F and G13F extracts was demonstrated by a growth-promoting effect on Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis under specific acidic conditions. Furthermore, antipathogenic bacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was presented at 25 mg/mL of MIC values and 50 mg/mL of MBC of both fermented rice bran extracts, eliminating the bacteria by interfering with the biofilm formation. For safety, an acute and chronic toxicity study using Wistar rats was conducted, in which changes in the body and organ weights, histopathology of organs, blood chemistry, and hematological parameters were observed after H7F and G13F treatment. Desirably, they showed no toxicity, with a significant reduction in blood cholesterol levels in the chronic treatment of H7F and G13F. Conclusively, the overall results evidenced the health benefits of H7F and G13F related to their prebiotic and antipathogenic bacteria properties and hypocholesterolemia potential with a high level of safety. Therefore, the fermented rice bran extracts were demonstrated as potential materials for the further development of functional ingredients and health products.

Pengaruh Rasio Daging Ayam Broiler (Gallus Domesticus) Dengan Jamur Merang (Vorvariella volvacae) Terhadap Karakteristik Lawar Ayam dan Dampak Terhadap Penurunan kolesterol


 
 
 This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of broiler chicken meat to merang mushrooms on the characteristics of chicken lawar, to determine the right comparison between chicken meat and merang mushrooms that can produce chicken lawar with the best characteristics and to determine the effect of adding merang mushrooms on reducing blood cholesterol levels of animals experimental wistar rats. The study is divided into two stages. The first stage of lawar making where meat and merang mushrooms are mixed with a ratio between broiler chicken meat and merang mushrooms 100: 0., 90: 10., 80: 20., 70: 30., 60: 40., and 50: 50 then followed by testing fat content, crude fiber content, and sensory evaluation carried out with a hedonic test (favorability) and scoring test. The second stage is the analysis of total cholesterol which is carried out invivo using the best treatment and chicken lawar with a concentration of P0. This type of research is experimental laboratory using the Control Group Post Test Design research design. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with duncan test. The results of the phase I study showed that the ratio of broiler chicken meat to merang mushrooms had a very noticeable effect on moisture content, fat content, crude fiber content, hedonic taste, aroma, texture scoring, overall acceptance. P5 treatment with a broiler chicken meat ratio of 50% and merang mushrooms of 50% is the best treatment. The results of the phase II study showed that in the posttest of feeding treatment, namely standard feed mixed with lawar, had a very noticeable effect on the total blood cholesterol levels of rats, there was a decrease in the total blood cholesterol levels of rats in the K2 group, which was 8%, while in the K1 group there was a slight increase in cholesterol levels by 12% and the K3 group there was an increase in total cholesterol levels which was quite high, namely by 64%.
 
 

Apple Juice to Reduce Total Cholesterol Level in Women Over 40 Years Old

Cholesterol is a fatty substance in the human body’s cells. A person who has high cholesterol levels may develop coronary heart disease (CHD), which increases their risk of developing atherosclerosis. Due to pregnancy, hormonal, and menopausal reasons, women over the age of 40 are more likely to have elevated cholesterol levels than younger women. Apples' fiber content has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of apple juice on cholesterol levels. A pretest-posttest group design with a pre-experimental methodology was used in this study. 38 women between the ages of 40 and 66 made up the sample of this study. Every morning for seven days, respondents received apple juice. The study was carried out in August 2020. According to this study, apple juice has a positive effect in lowering total cholesterol levels. Prior to receiving apple juice, the mean total cholesterol level was 226.68 17.230 mg/dL, while the mean cholesterol level after apple juice treatment was 184.39 13.771 mg/dL. Total cholesterol levels before and after receiving apple juice are known to differ by 42.29 mg/dL. The Paired T-Test analysis of the data revealed a value of P = 0.000 (P 0.05), indicating that there was an effect of giving apple juice on lowering respondents' total cholesterol levels.

Current Advancements in Pectin: Extraction, Properties and Multifunctional Applications.

Pectin is a heterogeneous hydrocolloid present in the primary cell wall and middle lamella in all dicotyledonous plants, more commonly in the outer fruit coat or peel as compared to the inner matrix. Presently, citrus fruits and apple fruits are the main sources for commercial extraction of pectin, but ongoing research on pectin extraction from alternate fruit sources and fruit wastes from processing industries will be of great help in waste product reduction and enhancing the production of pectin. Pectin shows multifunctional applications including in the food industry, the health and pharmaceutical sector, and in packaging regimes. Pectin is commonly utilized in the food industry as an additive in foods such as jams, jellies, low calorie foods, stabilizing acidified milk products, thickener and emulsifier. Pectin is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of medicines that reduce blood cholesterol level and cure gastrointestinal disorders, as well as in cancer treatment. Pectin also finds use in numerous other industries, such as in the preparation of edible films and coatings, paper substitutes and foams. Due to these varied uses of pectin in different applications, there is a great necessity to explore other non-conventional sources or modify existing sources to obtain pectin with desired quality attributes to some extent by rational modifications of pectin with chemical and enzymatic treatments.

Influence of a Polyherbal Choline Source in Dogs: Body Weight Changes, Blood Metabolites, and Gene Expression.

Simple SummaryIn pet foods, choline is supplied as choline chloride. This salt is hygroscopic and makes food processing difficult. This has led to its replacement, in livestock farms, by chemically stable herbal additives rich in phosphatidylcholine. The herbal composition and the contribution of secondary metabolites give the additive nutraceutical properties that could benefit the animal’s health. In this sense, increased levels of a polyherbal additive were supplied in dog diets, and their effects were compared to diets with choline chloride and without extra choline. The results showed that the animal response was the same with the two sources of choline. However, the herbal additive at the gene level demonstrated properties to prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer prevention, inflammatory and immune response, and behavior and cognitive processes in dogs.Choline chloride is used to provide choline in dog foods; however, in other domestic species, it has been replaced with a polyherbal containing phosphatidylcholine. A polyherbal containing Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Citrullus colocynthis, Andrographis paniculata, and Azadirachta indica was evaluated in adult dogs through body weight changes, subcutaneous fat thickness, blood metabolites, and gene expression. Forty dogs (4.6 ± 1.6 years old) who were individually housed in concrete kennels were randomly assigned to the following treatments: unsupplemented diet (377 mg choline/kg), choline chloride (3850 mg/kg equivalent to 2000 mg choline/kg diet), and polyherbal (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) for 60 days. Blood samples were collected on day 59 for biochemistry, biometry, and gene expression analysis through microarray assays. Intake, final body weight, and weight changes were similar for the two choline sources. Feed intake variation among dogs (p = 0.01) and dorsal fat (p = 0.03) showed a quadratic response to herbal choline. Dogs that received the polyherbal diet had reduced blood cholesterol levels (Quadratic, p = 0.02). The gene ontology analysis indicated that 15 biological processes were modified (p ≤ 0.05) with implications for preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer prevention, inflammatory and immune response, and behavior and cognitive process. According to these results that were observed in a 60 day trial, the polyherbal form could replace choline chloride in dog diets at a concentration of 400 mg/kg.

Differential cholesterol uptake in liver cells: A role for PCSK9.

The clearance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles from the circulation is regulated by the LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) interaction. Its disruption reduces blood cholesterol levels and delays atherosclerosis progression. Whether other members of the LDLR superfamily are in vivo targets of PCSK9has been poorly explored. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between PCSK9 and members of the LDLR superfamily in the regulation of liver cholesterol homeostasis in an in vivo low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) deficient mice model challenged with high-fat diet. Our results show that Wt and Lrp5-/- mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (HC) have increased cholesterol ester accumulation and decreased liver LDLR and LRP5gene and protein expression. Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), LRP6, LRP2, and LRP1 expression levels were analyzed in liver samples and show that they do not participate in Lrp5-/- liver cholesterol uptake. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that LRP5 forms a complex with PCSK9 in liver-specific fat-storing stellate cells but not in structural HepG2 cells. Hepatic stellate cells silenced for LRP5 and/or PCSK9 expression and challenged with lipids show reduced cholesterol ester accumulation, indicating that both proteins are involved in lipid processing in the liver. Our results indicate that cholesterol esters accumulate in livers of Wt mice in a LDLR-family-members dependent manner as VLDLR, LRP2, and LRP6show increased expression in HC mice. However, this increase is lost in livers of Lrp5-/- mice, where scavenger receptors are involved in cholesterol uptake. PCSK9 expression is strongly downregulated in mice livers after HC feeding. However PCSK9 and LRP5 bind in the cytoplasm of fat storing liver cells, indicating that this PCSK9-LRP5 interaction is cell-type specific and that both proteins contribute to lipid uptake.

사균화 Enterococcus Species 첨가에 의한 요구르트 스타터 생장에 미치는 영향

Enterococcus species have been reported to produce unique flavoring ingredients in fermented dairy products. Generally, they were found in cheese and fermented dairy products. Enterococcus spp. produce extracellular polysaccharides and reduce blood cholesterol levels in humans. This study used heat-killed E. faecalis and E. faecium in yogurt production to increase safety during consumption. The addition of heat-killed E. faecalis and E. faecium to milk did not affect the fermentation time of yogurt production, the growth of starter cultures, and the viscosity of yogurt. These results concluded that heat-killed Enterococcus, rather than live Enterococcus, is sufficiently possible and even safer to be added to milk products. Enterococcus species could be used as a safe and functional food additive to fermented milk products and supplements in health foods.

Potential of Ginger (Zingiber officinale), as anti-hypercholesterolemia to prevent metabolic syndrome: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract 
 Background: One of the symptoms of metabolic syndrome is an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a herbal plant that has several active compounds that can help improve lipid levels in the blood.
 Aim: This systematic study was conducted to examine the potential of ginger as an anti-hypercholesterolemia to prevent metabolic syndrome.
 Methods: The study was conducted on Indonesian-language articles through the Google Scholar Indonesia database. The inclusion criteria used were articles in Indonesian, preclinical and clinical experimental research, and complete articles that were accessible free of charge.
 Results: The results of the study show that the anti-cholesterol effect of ginger has been proven both preclinically and clinically. To reduce blood cholesterol levels, ginger can be used combined with other herbs. Some of the active ingredients in ginger are phenolic compounds, including gingerols and shogaols. The suspected mechanism of action is to affect the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme by inhibiting the oxidation pathway and as antiinflammation.
 Conclusion: Ginger has the potential to prevent metabolic syndrome by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood
 Keywords: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome

Characterization of Pediococcus acidilactici FS2 isolated from Korean traditional fermented seafood and its blood cholesterol reduction effect in mice

In the present study, the probiotic properties of Pediococcus acidilactici FS2 isolated from Korean traditional food, gajami-sikhae (fermented flounder), and the effect of its oral administration on the reduction in blood cholesterol in mice were investigated. Analysis of probiotics properties, such as acid and bile resistance, antibiotic resistance, cell adhesion, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and enzyme activity, demonstrated that FS2 is a potential probiotic candidate. FS2 showed a high growth rate when isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) were used as a prebiotic. Moreover, an oral administration of the combination of FS2 and IMO to the mice for 5 weeks increased the number of intestinal lactic acid bacteria and decreased the levels of serum total triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, the findings of the present study suggest that FS2 is functional and safe as a probiotic and can reduce blood cholesterol levels when taken along with IMO.

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2.

Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.

Pengobatan Alternatif Bekam Kering terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Darah

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dry cupping alternative treatment on blood cholesterol levels. The research method in this study used a pre-experimental design with a two-group pre-and post-test design. The results showed that most of the blood cholesterol levels before cupping were nine people (30.0%) with worrying blood cholesterol levels (200-239). Most of the blood cholesterol levels before 13-point cupping were 11 people (36.7%) with High Blood Cholesterol Levels (>240), then after 13-point cupping, 11 people (36.7%) had Worrying Blood Cholesterol Levels (200-239). In conclusion, groups 9 and 13 cupping points affect reducing blood cholesterol levels.
 
 Keywords: Cupping, Cholesterol, Alternative Medicine

Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) to Reduce Cholesterol Level in People With Excessive Nutritional Status

Background: Nutritional status is closely related to high cholesterol levels. High cholesterol levels as atrigger for other metabolic diseases. Fruits high in fiber and vitamin C can be used to keep blood cholesterollevels regularly.Aim: To determine the effect of red dragon fruit on blood cholesterol levels in people with excessivenutritional status.Methods: Research used an experimental approach with a pretest and post-test control group design. Thesample consisted of 2 groups, namely the control group and the intervention group, with 50 respondents ineach group. The sample was taken using purposive sampling. The intervention group got red dragon fruitjuice for seven days. Blood cholesterol levels are measured by laboratory tested using intravenous blood.The statistical test used the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.Results: The difference mean posttest-pretest control group and intervention groups were 13.56 mmHg and-13.06 mmHg. The analysis of pretest-posttest blood cholesterol levels among the control and interventiongroups were p=0.514 and p=0.035. The difference between the control group and the intervention group was0.022.Conclusion: Red dragon fruit is effective in reducing blood cholesterol levels in people with excessivenutritional status.

In vivo activity of Phaseolus vulgaris as an anti-hypercholesterolemic

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs due to increased levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood. Phytosterols, such as stigmasterol in Phaseolus vulgaris, can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of P. vulgarisin hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Nine groups underwent the anti-hypercholesterolemia test: control group, negative group, positive group, 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 300 mg/kg bw n-hexane extract groups, 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract groups, and 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethanol extract groups. Results: All groups, except the control group, were given a high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (until the total cholesterol levels were higher than 200 mg/dL), followed by testing for ten days. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract group had the best activity in reducing total cholesterol.