Reduce Anxiety Levels Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ANXIETY ON BREASTFEEDING DURING THE CORONA PANDEMIC

The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to maternal and newborn health has yet to be determined. Several studies on influenza have shown an increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially during pregnancy and lactation, including those infected with SARS-CoV-2. This has the risk of increasing maternal anxiety during the pandemic. Psychological effects, severe stressors for breastfeeding mothers can cause disruptions to the lactation process as well as to baby care. This study aims to examine the effect of the level of knowledge and anxiety of breastfeeding mothers on the lactation process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is quantitative with a retrospective analytic approach. The populations in this study were mothers who had children aged 0 to 2 years. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling and obtained a large sample of 46 mothers. The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire on maternal knowledge about the corona virus and its prevention efforts which have been tested for validity by researchers, an anxiety questionnaire modifying the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and a check list for the implementation of the lactation process. Data collection was carried out by distributing Google forms via WhatsApp groups to eight-village toddler classes in the Pekalongan Regency area. The study showed that mothers who had less education had a 1.89 times higher risk of obstacles in the breastfeeding process (p-value: 0.458; CI: 0.294-21.034) while mothers who had severe anxiety had 3.34 times the risk of inhibition in the breastfeeding process ( p-value: 0.0677; CI: 0.054-0.333). The conclusion is knowledge and Anxiety of breastfeeding mothers affect the lactation process. The role of health workers in providing accurate and fast information during a pandemic is very significant in reducing anxiety levels and increasing maternal knowledge.

A randomized pilot study of the prophylactic effect of ketamine on laboratory-induced stress in healthy adults

BackgroundStress exposure is a key risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Enhancing stress resilience in at-risk populations could potentially protect against stress-induced disorders. The administration of ketamine one week prior to an acute stressor prevents the development of stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rodents. This study aimed to test if the prophylactic effect of ketamine against stress also applies to humans. MethodsWe conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study wherein 24 healthy subjects (n = 11 males) were randomized to receive either ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg) intravenously one week prior to an acute stress [Trier Social Stress Test (TSST)]. The primary endpoint was the anxious-composed subscale of the Profile of Mood States Bipolar Scale (POMS-Bi) administered immediately after the TSST. Salivary and plasma cortisol and salivary alpha amylase were also measured at 15-min intervals for 60 min following the stressor, as proxies of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis activity, respectively. ResultsCompared to the midazolam group (n = 12), the ketamine group (n = 12) showed a moderate to large (Cohen's d = 0.7) reduction in levels of anxiety immediately following stress, although this was not significant (p = 0.06). There was no effect of group on change in salivary cortisol or salivary alpha amylase following stress. We conducted a secondary analysis excluding one participant who did not show an expected correlation between plasma and salivary cortisol (n = 23, ketamine n = 11). In this subgroup, we observed a significant reduction in the level of salivary alpha amylase in the ketamine group compared to midazolam (Cohen's d = 0.7, p = 0.03). No formal adjustment for multiple testing was made as this is a pilot study and all secondary analyses are considered hypothesis-generating. ConclusionsKetamine was associated with a numeric reduction in TSST-induced anxiety, equivalent to a medium-to-large effect size. However, this did not reach statistical significance . In a subset of subjects, ketamine appeared to blunt SAM reactivity following an acute stressor. Future studies with larger sample size are required to further investigate the pro-resilient effect of ketamine.

Effects of Tele-Counseling on Reducing Anxiety Levels of COVID-19 Patients in Isolation Wards: An Observational Study.

COVID-19 causes psychological distress and anxiety due to fear of infection and the possibility of worsening symptoms leading to mortality. Public health measures like contact tracing and lockdowns further increase the panic among infected patients and the public. We intended to assess the effect of telecounseling in reducing anxiety in patients admitted to isolation wards. In this multi-center observational study, we administered a Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale before and after telecounseling. The study group consisted of participants who gave consent for telecounseling, and those who did not give consent constituted the control group. The telecounseling was based on the Psychological First Aid model, due to its simplicity. There was a statistically significant decrease in anxiety after telecounseling in the study group (P value ≤ 0.001, effect size = 0.484). There was a statistically significant decrease in anxiety in the study group compared to the control group (P value ≤ 0.001). Telecounseling contributed to the reduction in anxiety in COVID-19 patients in isolation wards. Several other factors like severity of the infection, comorbid medical illness, pre-existing mental health issues, individual's level of coping with stress, and duration and place of admission may have affected the anxiety levels in the patients.

Peran Dukungan Kelompok Sebaya terhadap Psikologis Remaja dengan Acne Vulgaris

This study aims to analyze the role of peer group support on the psychology of adolescents with acne vulgaris. The method used is a descriptive analysis of literature studies obtained from various national and international journal references from 2020-2021. The results showed that peer support could provide positive energy, especially for adolescents with acne vulgaris prone to feeling insecure. In conclusion, psychological peer group support can increase self-confidence, reduce anxiety levels and prevent adolescents from committing suicide due to their Acne vulgaris infection. 
 Keywords: Acne Vulgaris, Peer Group Support, Adolescent Psychology

Animated video development COVID-19 prevention and management for anxiety among older adults in Indonesia

BackgroundRapid increase in information on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to an infodemic that exposes older adults to a greater risk of anxiety. AimsTo develop an animated educational video for COVID-19 prevention and management and evaluate its feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in improving knowledge and anxiety levels among older adults. MethodsA pilot test of feasibility and preliminary effectiveness was conducted in three phases: expert agreement, content validation, and video creation. An intervention group received an animated educational video, whereas a control group received an educational leaflet. A total of 126 respondents were recruited from 15 community health centers in Indonesia. ResultsResults showed that knowledge of intervention group respondents about COVID-19 misinformation improved, and anxiety levels significantly decreased after watching the video compared to the control group (p<0.001). ConclusionsThe animated educational video on COVID-19 prevention and management based on Indonesian preferences successfully improved knowledge and reduced anxiety levels among older adults.

Pelatihan Regulasi Emosi untuk Menurunkan Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Gondokusuman II Yogyakarta

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of emotional regulation therapy to reduce anxiety in pregnant women, especially in the area of the Gondokusuman II Yogyakarta Public Health Center. The subjects in this study were eight pregnant women who experienced anxiety in the medium and high categories. The data collection method used in this research uses the method of observation, interviews, group discussion forums, and measurements are carried out using quantitative methods, namely by measuring pre and post-test using an anxiety scale in pregnant women. The data analysis technique used a mix of methods, namely quantitative and qualitative methods. Data analysis with quantitative methods was carried out by giving pre and post-tests, while qualitative methods were carried out based on the therapeutic process carried out. The results showed a decrease in the level of anxiety both quantitatively and qualitatively. The qualitative results show that the research subjects are able to recognize the emotions they feel, are able to manage their emotions and control the anxiety they experience by applying relaxation techniques. While the quantitative results show a value of -2.521 with a significance level of 0.012 (0.05), which means that there is a significant change in the anxiety level score before and after being given training on emotion regulation and relaxation techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that emotional regulation training can reduce anxiety levels in pregnant women in the Gondokusuman II Health Center area.

The Effect of Five-Finger Hypnosis Relaxation Educational Videos as Psychosocial Support on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Student Chronotype during Distance Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aims: Distance learning is currently a medium and learning resource that maximizes modern internet-based technology and communication and is carried out online and focuses on individuals or groups and student activities remotely without face-to-face, the interaction of material delivery and assignments is completely done online. Students' activities in distance learning currently require that normal sleeping hours be switched to doing many tasks. The term is also known as chronotype, and it refers to a variety of human control over biological circadian rhythms that include the morning, night, and intermediate types. However, not all students are prepared to participate in distance learning. Students' perceptions of distance learning during an uncertain period of time cause fatigue, stress, or anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using five-finger hypnosis relaxation educational videos on decreasing anxiety levels in the chronotype of students. Design: Pre-Experimental Design Type One Group Pretest-Posttest Methdos: The method used in this study is a pre-experiment design ypene-group pretest-posttest. The total number of respondents was 37 students who were during distance learning using the simple random sampling technique. Data collection used a questionnaire of The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety levels before and after the intervention, and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to determine the type chronotype (MEQ). Data analysis using Paired Sample T Test. Results: The results of statistical tests showed the majority of respondents (64.9 %) experienced mild anxiety prior to receiving the intervention, while 1 student experienced severe anxiety (2.%5). Furthermore, after receiving the intervention, the majority of the respondents experienced mild anxiety, with as many as 26 students (70.3 %) no longer experiencing severe anxiety. The intervention group has a positive mean difference in Anxiety Levels of 1.36, indicating that there is a tendency to decrease anxiety levels after the intervention with an average decrease of 1.36. Based on the p-value = 0.011, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the anxiety level of the intervention group before and after the intervention (where p 0.05) with a t count = 2.689 (t count &gt; t table (df 36 = 1.687094) with a positive value (+) indicates that the anxiety level score before the intervention is higher than the anxiety level score after the intervention. This means that the five finger hypnosis technique intervention is in reducing anxiety levels. Conclusions: Five finger hypnosis therapy with video by providing comfort and relaxation is very effective for reducing anxiety levels. This activity is also intended to divert attention and can lower blood pressure, breathing, the tension in the muscles, metabolic rate, and pulse.

Effect of music selection on anxiety during intravitreal injections for individuals of varying ethnicity.

Purpose: To investigate music selection as a treatment for anxiety during intravitreal injections (IVI) for individuals of varying cultures.Methods: A randomized control study was performed to evaluate the effect of music in 3 different subject groups. 106 individuals were enrolled in the study. Individuals were randomized into one of three categories: (1) a control group in which the IVI procedure was performed without music (n=35), (2) an experimental group in which music was selected by the physician (n=36), (3) an experimental group in which music was selected by the patient (n=35). Following the procedure, all patients completed a questionnaire regarding their level of experienced anxiety, pain and discomfort (grade 0-10). The primary outcome was anxiety level during the procedure.Results: Although no statistically significant difference in anxiety levels between groups was demonstrable, the experimental group in which patients selected music had higher number of patients with low anxiety scores compared to the other groups (p=0.04). Subjects who completed the questionnaire in Arabic were less likely to desire music on subsequent injections compare to Hebrew and English speakers (p=0.02). Music was deemed by both experimental groups as an effective method to induce relaxation (6.5±3.8 and 7.2±3.7). Preference for music on subsequent injections was increased in both experimental groups compared to the control group (P&lt;0.01), but more prominently in the third group (P&lt;0.01).Conclusion: Music selection may be an effective way to reduce anxiety levels during IVI. Preference for music during IVI may be influenced by culture and previous music exposure.

An on-call escape room: Escaping the monotony of a didactic induction for doctors

Aims To establish an on-call escape room as a novel educational tool for Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors’ induction at Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals Trust. The escape room simulates common on-call scenarios for newly qualified doctors, with a view to facilitating communication and teamwork with unfamiliar peers and establishing a safe environment to develop practical skills. Ultimately aiming to reduce anxiety and improve confidence amongst our FY1 cohort. Methods A pilot escape room, as a simulated on-call shift with nine clinical scenarios, was designed for groups of 4–5 doctors. Following feedback, a 70-minute escape room with 17 clinical scenarios was established. Sequential completion of tasks would ‘unlock’ the door to handover with a senior colleague, thereby finishing the ‘shift’. Questionnaires utilised a 10-point Likert scale to assess confidence and anxiety levels with regards to on–call shifts. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test. Results Pilot: Nineteen participants trialled the pilot escape room. Perceived levels of confidence increased from a mean of 5.0 to 7.1 (p < 0.05). Final: Forty-one participants underwent the final version of the escape room with perceived levels of on-call confidence increasing from a mean of 4.2 to 6.5 (p < 0.05), prescribing confidence from 5.3 to 6.6 (p < 0.05), using apps from 6.3 to 7.5 (p < 0.05), consulting trust guidelines from 5.0 to 7.0 (p < 0.05) and handing over from 5.8 to 6.8 (p < 0.05). Anxiety levels also decreased from 7.2 to 6.3 (p < 0.05) with an overall mean score of 9/10 for ‘enjoyability’ of the session. Conclusion Incorporating an on-call escape room scenario into induction has demonstrably increased confidence levels and reduced anxiety levels amongst new FY1 doctors. This novel teaching method maximises participant engagement with the view to an enhanced learning experience.

Dukungan Keluarga Berpengaruh terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Pre Operasi

Introduction: Patients who will undergo surgery will have feelings of anxiety or anxiety such as fear or feelings of restlessness and worry, this anxiety can be seen from family support, namely family members who are active in reducing anxiety levels. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and anxiety levels in preoperative patients. Methods: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional study, the sample in this study was 129 respondents, the instrument in this study used a family support questionnaire and a standardized HARS anxiety level questionnaire. Analysis using Spearman's Rank test. Results: The results of the univariate study showed that 25.6% of the age group were 26-35 years old, the highest number of females gender was 55% and the type of major surgery was 45.7%. The results obtained were 60.5% high family support and 31.8%. respondents experienced a moderate level of anxiety, then from the bivariate results of family support with a level of anxiety using the Spearman's Rank test with p-value = 0.000, which means p-value &lt;0.05 with a correlation coefficient of 0.420. Conclusion: There is a relationship between family support and anxiety levels in preoperative patients.

Motivational Climate, Anxiety and Physical Self-Concept in Trainee Physical Education Teachers-An Explanatory Model Regarding Physical Activity Practice Time.

There is an increase in sedentary lifestyles among young people. However, the development of a certain motivational climate can play a key role in the prevention of such lifestyles. Taking into account the aforementioned, the present research aims to establish the relationship between the motivational climate towards sport, anxiety and physical self-concept and to identify and clarify the existing relationships between anxiety, motivational climate and physical self-concept, by breaking down this objective into (a) developing an explanatory model of the motivational climate towards sport and its relationship with anxiety and physical self-concept and (b) contrasting the structural model by means of a multi-group analysis, according to the time spent doing physical activity per week. For this purpose, a cross-sectional descriptive and comparative study was carried out with a total of 568 university students (M = 25.09; SD = 6.22). A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Spanish version of the Perceived Motivation Climate Questionnaire in Sport, the Self-Concept Form-5 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used for data collection. The results show that more time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in terms of physical self-concept and homework climate, helping to reduce anxiety levels. As conclusions, it is observed that a longer time spent doing physical activity brings benefits in the channelling of disruptive states and improvements in physical self-concept.

The Effect of Covid-19 Prevention Education on Public Mothers in Reducing Anxiety Level in The Time Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many restrictions on almost all routine services, both in terms of access and quality, including restrictions on maternal and neonatal health services, such as a reduction in the frequency of antenatal care and postponement of classes for pregnant women and the postpartum period, these conditions can cause problems globally. psychological problems for pregnant women postpartum, which can cause anxiety, if the mother's own anxiety is left untreated it will have an impact on mothers who will experience postpartum blues. Objective: To review COVID-19 prevention education for postpartum mothers in reducing anxiety levels. Methods: The method used is a scoping review using keywords, namely Population Exposure Outcame (Peos), namely population: post partum, education, and anxiety by (following the PRISMA Flow Chart guidelines, Result: By providing education on COVID-19 prevention in reducing levels postpartum mothers anxiety following anxiety skinning using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and COVID-19 prevention education using video, able to stimulate the senses of hearing as well as vision so that mothers can understand them well with changes in knowledge, attitudes and skills of mothers before and after after being given education regarding prevention of COVID-19, Conclusion: factors that influence anxiety in postpartum mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic are stressors, maturity, age, education, environment, by conducting anxiety screening and providing education to postpartum mothers, it is hoped that it can reduce anxiety san as well as increasing knowledge related to postpartum mothers regarding the prevention of COVID-19 during the pandemic so that it does not cause anxiety.

Complementary Therapy for Anxiety of Pregnant Women in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Literature Review

Introduction: Anxiety in pregnant women can cause dangerous stimulation of uterinecontractions, as a result of this condition pregnant women will have a negativeimpact, can increase blood pressure of pregnant women which can triggerpreeclampsia, premature babies, and even miscarriages in pregnant women. Theselection of interventions that can be done in reducing anxiety levels in pregnantwomen is by doing complementary therapies in the form of acupressure,aromatherapy, and 5 finger hypnosis Method: This study uses a Literature Review bysearching for journal articles conducted in November 2021 – April 2022 on theGoogle Scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct databases, with the keywords(Acupressure) or (Aromatherapy). ) or (5 finger hypnosis) and (anxiety) and(pregnant women). Result: The results obtained were 10 journal articles in accordance withthe inclusion criteria using the Quasi Experimental method as many as 6 journalarticles and a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial as many as 4 journal articlesusing English and Indonesian Conclusion:The complementary therapy of acupressure, aromatherapy, and 5 fingerhypnosis is an easy, inexpensive, and can be done independently by pregnantwomen who experience anxiety, if done regularly and in accordance withcomplementary therapy procedures. Health services can apply complementarytherapies to pregnant women who experience anxiety and can be used by thecommunity as several forms of therapy in reducing anxiety in pregnant women withacupressure therapy, aromatherapy, and 5 finger hypnosis.

Resilience mediates the influence of hope, optimism, social support, and stress on anxiety severity among Chinese patients with cervical spondylosis.

ObjectiveCervical spondylosis (CS) is a potential stressor threatening mental health among affected individuals. This study was to analyze resilience level and associated factors among cervical spondylosis (CS) patients, and to explore the underlying mechanism of anxiety based on resilience-focused psychological variables.MethodsResilience Scale-14 (RS-14), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) were used in this cross-sectional investigation among 250 CS patients.ResultsThe score of resilience was 65.58 ± 16.14. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that hope, optimism, perceived social support, perceived stress, and whether having comorbid chronic diseases were the independent associates of resilience among CS patients, which explained 63.9% of the total variance. The structural equation model showed that hope, optimism, perceived social support and perceived stress affected anxiety via resilience, and hope and optimism also had direct effects on anxiety.ConclusionChinese patients with CS had moderate level of mental resilience, which was independently related to hope, optimism, perceived social support, perceived stress, and whether having comorbid chronic diseases. Resilience played a mediating role between various psychological variables and anxiety. Improving the level of resilience, hope, optimism and perceived social support and reducing the level of perceived stress are important strategies to reduce anxiety level. Relevant healthcare professionals should put more focus on the mental problems of Chinese CS patients and help maintain good psychological status by improving their resilience and associated psychological variables thereof.

The Effect of Auriculotherapy on Situational Anxiety Trigged by Examinations: A Randomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Auriculotherapy may activate the parasympathetic nerve system and reduce anxiety levels. Short-term auriculotherapy’s effects and safety on university students’ anxiety levels was assessed prior to exams. Methods: A randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted. The day before the exam, university students were randomly allocated to the auriculotherapy group (AA, n = 13) or the waiting-list group (WG, n = 13). Baseline measures were taken 4 weeks before the exam at Time point (TP 0); at 7.30 a.m. on the day before the exam (TP I); at 11 a.m. before auriculotherapy (TP II); 30 min after AA (TP III); and at 7.30 a.m. before the exam (TP IV). The outcomes were the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI); quality of night-sleep, Visual Analogue scale (VAS) for anxiety, and salivary cortisol. Adverse events were also recorded. Results: A total of 26 students participated in this study and became more anxious as assessed by STAI in TPII (p = 0.002) and TPIV (p = 0.000) than TP0. AA reduced the STAI in TPIII (p = 0.045) and PIV (p = 0.001) and the VAS (p = 0.012) in TPIV. Cortisol was reduced in TPIII (p = 0.004), and the AA slept better (p = 0.014) at TPIV. Discomfort at the auricular site was reported in only one AA participant. Conclusions: Auriculotherapy appeared safe and effective in reducing anxiety levels before university exams.

Positive effects of fetal echocardiography on maternal anxiety: a prospective study in a tertiary center in Turkey

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety levels of pregnant women who were referred to a tertiary center for fetal echocardiography (FE) and the effect of FE results on maternal anxiety. Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2020 and February 2021 and included 118 pregnant women. The anxiety levels of the participants were evaluated with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which evaluates state (STAI-I) and trait (STAI-II) anxiety. STAI-I and STAI-II were administered to participants at first admission using a standard interview technique prior to FE. After the FE was completed, a structured interview was performed and the state anxiety index (STAI-I-R) was re-administered to the participants. Results: Severe congenital heart disease (CHD) was detected in 63 (53.4%) fetuses. The participants’ mean STAI-I scores were significantly higher than their mean STAI-II scores (44.19 ± 8.56 and 41.98 ± 5.98, respectively, t = 2.59 and p = 0.011). In pregnant women with fetuses with severe CHD, STAI-I-R scores were significantly lower compared to STAI-I scores (43.48 ± 7.97 and 46.28 ± 7.18, respectively, t = 2.13 and p = 0.037). Conclusion: Referral for FE is associated with increased maternal anxiety, and a structured interview may result in reduced anxiety levels even in those with abnormal FE.

Murottal Quran Therapy Intervention to Reduce Anxiety Level of Asthma Client

Objective: The objective of this study was to intervene to reduce anxiety in Asthma clients so that excessive anxiety does not occur by listening to the Murottal Al Quran. Method: The study was conducted using a case study design with an evidence-based practice implementation approach that focuses on nursing interventions. The research was conducted at the BLUD of Banjar City General Hospital on 27-31 May 2022. The participants in this study were NY clients. S, 65 years old, female, complains of shortness of breath and anxiety. The process of assessing and establishing a diagnosis is focused on the main problem. Objective and subjective data become a reference for periodic evaluation of nursing implementation. Result: The client gave an acknowledgment of non-existent anxiety after being given a murotal al-quran intervention. Conclusion: The Murotal Al-Quran intervention is supposed to be effective in reducing anxiety in asthmatic clients as evidenced by the client's subjective acknowledgment even though it has not been supported by normal breathing frequency as an indicator of physical health. Theoretically, this research does not conflict with previous research so that it can be a reference in future research. Clinically, the Al-Quran murotal intervention can be one of the intervention treatments to reduce anxiety levels in clients with chronic diseases such as asthma in hospitals and health centers.

Anxiety of Hypertension Patients in the Buleleng 1 Public Health Center

Hypertension in general can be defined as a systolic pressure of more than 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of more than 90 mmHg. One of the treatments for hypertension is to reduce anxiety in hypertension patients. This research was conducted quantitatively with a descriptive design. Descriptive research design is a study that provides a description of anxiety in hypertension patients in the Buleleng 1 Public Health Center in 2021. This research was conducted in Buleleng 1 Public Health Center with a population of 1,107 respondents and the sample in this study was 92 respondents using probability sampling technique, namely simple random sampling with selection. randomly, using a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that of the 92 respondents, the majority were aged 35-45 years, namely as many as 41 people (44.6%). The majority of them were 54 women (58.7%). The majority of respondents with mild anxiety levels in hypertension patients were 62 (67.5%), 12 people (13%) moderate anxiety level and 18 (19.5%) severe anxiety levels. It is hoped that hypertension patients will be able to change behavior to reduce anxiety levels regarding anxiety in hypertension patients such as following health education

Play Therapy to Reduce Anxiety in Children During Hospitalization: A Literature Review

Hospitalization is a form of individual stressor for children, forcing them to adapt to the hospital environment. Adjusting to a new foreign environment such as a hospital can cause anxiety in children. One of the actions taken to overcome hospitalization anxiety is play therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of play therapy used to reduce anxiety levels in children during hospitalization. This was a literature review and a total of 15 articles were found by searching through the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest databases. Skill play and dramatic role play, which are based on content, were the play therapies that were most widely used, found in 12 of 15 articles. Play therapies based on social characteristics included solitary play and associative play, which were found in 9 of 15 articles.&#x0D; Keywords: play therapy, anxiety, children, hospitalization

Effects of dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area on sleep recovery after propofol anesthesia in sleep-deprived rats

ObjectivePrevious studies indicate that propofol can help with recovery from sleep deprivation and has anti-anxiety effects. However, the underlying neurochemical mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on sleep and anxiety recovery after propofol anesthesia in rats with 24 h total sleep deprivation (TSD). MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were in natural sleep or sleep deprived for 24 h in a sleep deprivation rat system. The rats received propofol anesthesia (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or natural sleep. Dopamine transporter knockdown was performed by microinjection of AAV-DAT-RNAi vector. EEG was measured in each group to evaluate the subsequent sleep. The elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and open field test (OFT) were used to evaluate locomotion and anxiety level in rats. Immunofluorescence was used to verify virus location and transfection efficiency. ResultsCompared with NC group, the anxiety level of Propofol group showed no significant difference, but REM sleep decreased. Compared with the TSD group, the anxiety level of the TSD + Propofol group was reduced and the sleep recovery was closer to baseline. Compared with TSD + AAV-NC group, anxiety level and sleep time increased in TSD + AAVi group, REM increased within 24 h after sleep deprivation. The sleep time of TSD + AAVi + Propofol group was between those of TSD + AAV-NC group and TSD + AAVi group. TSD + AAV-NC + Propofol group had the least sleep time and the lowest anxiety level. Conclusion1. Propofol did not change anxiety level in normal rats, but reduced REM sleep, while it could accelerate sleep recovery and reduce anxiety level in sleep-deprived rats. 2. In sleep deprived rats with DAT knockdown, propofol improved sleep and anxiety levels more slowly, especially producing more REM rebound, suggesting that the improvement of sleep and anxiety levels in sleep-deprived rats with propofol may be related to DAT in VTA region.