Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

A holistic platform for accelerating sorbent-based carbon capture

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions urgently requires the large-scale deployment of carbon-capture technologies. These technologies must separate CO2 from various sources and deliver it to different sinks1,2. The quest for optimal solutions for specific source–sink pairs is a complex, multi-objective challenge involving multiple stakeholders and depends on social, economic and regional contexts. Currently, research follows a sequential approach: chemists focus on materials design3 and engineers on optimizing processes4,5, which are then operated at a scale that impacts the economy and the environment. Assessing these impacts, such as the greenhouse gas emissions over the plant’s lifetime, is typically one of the final steps6. Here we introduce the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which integrates materials, process design, techno-economics and life-cycle assessment. We compare more than 60 case studies capturing CO2 from various sources in 5 global regions using different technologies. The platform simultaneously informs various stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of technologies, process configurations and locations, reveals the molecular characteristics of the top-performing sorbents, and provides insights on environmental impacts, co-benefits and trade-offs. By uniting stakeholders at an early research stage, PrISMa accelerates carbon-capture technology development during this critical period as we aim for a net-zero world.

Modeling of Passenger Flows Analysis System of Low-carbon Transportation in a Smart City

The paper examines the impact of the increase in passenger traffic in public transport on environmental pollution, as well as the search for ways to reduce emissions of carbon-containing compounds caused by the growth of the planet’s population, the number of vehicles that transport them, and the amount of emissions that these vehicles generate. The object of research is the system of passenger transportation in a smart city. Through correlation-regression analysis of passenger flows in a regional city with a population of fewer than 1 million registered residents, the paper identifies a functional dependence between the volume of passenger transportation by public transport and the volume of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmospheric air from mobile sources of pollution, which include all types of automobile and electric transport. It was established that the optimization of the public transport network plays a decisive role in the implementation of low-carbon transportation. Conceptual provisions for the creation of an intelligent system for the organization of low-carbon passenger transportation in a smart city were proposed, which were displayed using activity, state, and deployment diagrams. The optimization of the routes of the public transport system is proposed to be implemented through the concept of adding a new passenger, supplementing the route, and adapting public transport networks to the needs of consumers and the demand for transport to achieve the goals of the concept of a smart city - reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The scientific novelty of the proposed intelligent system concept consists of the use of an integrated approach to the optimization of vehicle routes in a smart city to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

Evaluation of a cost-effective photoelectric sensor for daylight harvesting in smart public lighting systems

Global warming concerns, along with international agreements and regulations, reflect a broader effort to change the public's high energy demand in recent years. Smart public lighting systems are gaining popularity due to their energy-saving capabilities, reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and improved public comfort. However, transitioning to smart public lighting requires careful planning and multiple stages. This is not only to accommodate public behavior, revise scenarios, and test citizen acceptance but also due to the necessary infrastructure investments. Smart public lighting incorporates new technologies, often with a breakeven point that takes several years to reach. To promote the widespread adoption of smart public lighting, it is essential to produce relatively expensive components in large quantities and explore cost-effective solutions. This research focuses on investigating a cost-effective photoelectric sensor for smart public purposes. The primary originality of this study lies in identifying a cost-effective photoelectric sensor that can replace technically equivalent but more expensive sensor solutions for indoor and outdoor lighting control purposes.

Optimization of mechanical properties and water resistance of sawdust-magnesium oxychloride cement composites based on orthogonal tests

Sawdust-magnesium oxychloride cement composites (SMOCC) are new low-carbon and environmentally friendly building materials. Its development not only reduces carbon dioxide emissions, but the use of sawdust can improve wood utilization rates and play important roles in protecting the environment. Nonetheless, SMOCC's performance is affected by various factors, and its overall sustainability remains to be comprehensively evaluated, which limits widespread application. For this reason, the effects of different factors (including MgO/MgCl2 molar ratio, MgCl2 solution concentration, and content of NaH2PO4) on the performance of SMOCC were initially obtained through single-factor experimental analysis. Next, multi-factor experiments were performed using the Taguchi orthogonal experimental method. The effects of different multifactor on the mechanical properties and water resistance of SMOCC were systematically investigated using response surface methodology, and relevant polynomial regression models were established and verified. Subsequently, the composition of the hydration products and the SMOCC's micromorphology were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the strength and water resistance of the SMOCC were affected by single factors as well as the interactions of multi-factor. The optimum contents of MgO/MgCl2 molar ratio, MgCl2 solution concentration, and content of NaH2PO4 were 11, 25 %, and 0.5 %, respectively, under which the SMOCC exhibited excellent strengths and water resistance. In addition, the proposed quadratic polynomial models accurately predicted the properties of SMOCC and reflected the effects of multi-factor interaction on the mechanical strength and water resistance of SMOCC.

Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, economic, and environmental analyses and multi-objective optimization of a novel combined cooling and power system with dual-pressure Kalina cycle-absorption refrigeration

A novel combined cooling and power system, the dual-pressure Kalina cycle-absorption refrigeration (DPKC-AR-CCP), is proposed for the cascade utilization of waste heat from high-temperature flue gas and jacket water from internal combustion engines. A pneumatic booster pump unit is employed to increase the inlet pressure of the low-pressure expander, with heat generated during the compression process utilized for preheating the ammonia/water mixture, and exhaust gas from the low-pressure expander is combined with driving gas for absorption refrigeration. By integrating the first and second laws of thermodynamics with the SPECO Methodology, models for energy, exergy, exergoeconomy, economy, and environment of the DPKC-AR-CCP system are developed. A multi-objective optimization model is formulated with maximum exergy efficiency, minimum total exergy cost rate, and maximum annual equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction as objective functions. MATLAB software (combined with REFPROP software) is utilized for simulation and multi-objective optimization. The performance of each component under specific conditions is assessed, and a comparison with the simple absorption refrigeration/Kalina cogeneration system (AR/KC) highlights the advantages of the DPKC-AR-CCP system; an investigation into the effects of different operating parameters on performance is conducted. The results indicate that, under identical operational parameters, the DPKC-AR-CCP system exhibits a substantial increase in net output power (230.2 %), cooling capacity (98.7 %), and exergy efficiency (148.8 %) compared to the simple AR/KC system; payback period is reduced by 64.8 %; and annual equivalent CO2 emissions are decreased by 202.2 %. However, there is an increase in the total exergy cost rate by 90.5 %. The optimal concentration of ammonia/water is determined to be 0.816/0.184, with a heat exchanger outlet temperature of 341.07 K, driving pressure of 0.654 MPa, and low-pressure expander inlet pressure of 5.064 MPa. Correspondingly, the optimal exergy efficiency is 87.2 %, the annual reduction in CO2 emissions is 5.53 × 107 kg, and the total exergy cost rate is 288.48$/h.

Dynamic mechanical properties of one-part ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete

Geopolymer has been recognized as a promising construction material offering performance comparable to traditional cementitious materials while significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Notably, the recent development of “one-part geopolymer”, which transforms the alkaline activator solution into a solid activator powder, has greatly enhanced construction convenience. One-part ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete (OP-UHPGC), which has mechanical properties comparable to ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), has been developed recently. This study investigates the dynamic compressive and splitting tensile properties of OP-UHPGC using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The damage progression, failure mode, dynamic stress and strain, dynamic increase factor (DIF), and energy absorption of OP-UHPGC specimens were systematically studied. Test results showed that OP-UHPGC exhibited strain rate sensitivity. Both compressive and splitting tensile DIFs increased with the strain rate, and empirical formulas were proposed to predict the DIFs of OP-UHPGC. The DIFs of OP-UHPGC were comparable with those of steel fibre-reinforced geopolymer or cementitious composites, yet smaller than those of plain geopolymers or conventional concrete reported in the existing literature. In addition, the energy absorption of OP-UHPGC under dynamic compression and splitting tension both increased with the strain rate. This study provides a valuable reference for the dynamic mechanical properties of OP-UHPGC.

Mathematical optimization modeling for scenario analysis of integrated steelworks transitioning towards hydrogen-based reduction

To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the steel industry, efforts are made to introduce a steelmaking route based on hydrogen reduction of iron ore instead of the commonly used coke-based reduction in a blast furnace. Changing fundamental pieces of steelworks affects the functions of most every system unit involved, and thus warrants the question of how such a transition could optimally take place over time, and no rigorous attempts have until now been made to tackle this problem mathematically. This article presents a steel plant optimization model, written as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, where aging blast furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces could potentially be replaced with shaft furnaces and electric arc furnaces, minimizing costs or emissions over a long-term time horizon to identify possible transition pathways. Example cases show how various parameters affect optimal investment pathways, stressing the necessity of appropriate planning tools for analyzing diverse cases.

Approaching zero emissions in ports: implementation of batteries and supercapacitors with smart energy management in hybrid ships

The urgent need to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact in the shipping industry has prompted research and industry to explore new solutions for minimizing fuel usage. This study examines the potential effects and benefits of integrating electrical energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, into short sea shipping ships during port stay. Specifically, a novel dynamic simulation tool is developed to conduct suitable analyses that investigate the feasibility of charging electrical storage systems while at navigation and utilizing them as alternatives to traditional diesel generators while in port. The analysis reveals that lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are effective tools for reducing pollutant emissions by minimizing diesel generator usage during port stopovers, resulting in a significant reduction in fuel consumption from 1.148 kt/year to 0.511 kt/year. Moreover, under identical conditions, the use of supercapacitors increases the lifespan of batteries from 10.6 years to 11.9 years. Additionally, there is a 55 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions during port stays, decreasing from 2.98 kt/year to 1.64 kt/year.

Lignite reduces carbon and nitrogen loss from litter in commercial broiler housing

The loss of carbon and nitrogen from broiler litter limits nutrient recycling and is damaging to the environment. This study investigated lignite, a low-rank brown coal, as an amendment to reduce the loss of carbon and nitrogen from broiler litter over 3 consecutive grow-out cycles, November 2021 to May 2022, at a commercially operated farm in Victoria, Australia. Lignite-treated litter contained significantly more carbon and nitrogen, with an increase of 70.1 g/bird and 12.6 g/bird for carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Lignite also reduced aerobic microbial respiration, with a 46.0% reduction in CO2 flux recorded in week 7 of the study, resulting in reduced mass loss. It is expected that this is a key mechanism responsible for nutrient retention in litter following treatment with lignite. Furthermore, lignite treatment lowered litter moisture content by 7, 6 and 3 percentage points for grow-out 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These findings present lignite as a beneficial litter amendment for increasing the nutrient value of waste and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The study highlights the potential of lignite to reduce the environmental impact of poultry production and presents an alternative use for lignite as an existing resource.

Forecasting urban passenger transportation emissions: a green and new energy approach

ABSTRACT Passenger transportation significantly contributes to urban carbon dioxide emission. Decreasing these emissions is essential to achieving low-carbon development. This research focused on Xi’an City to enhance previous research works by considering factors such as road greening, online ride-hailing, and use of vehicles with new energy sources. Using system dynamics method, a carbon dioxide emission prediction model was developed for urban passenger transportation in Xi’an. The developed model estimated total emissions from 2012 to 2021 and projected carbon dioxide emission reduction plans through six different scenarios for the time period of 2023 to 2032. The analysis identified private cars as the main contributors to carbon emission in urban passenger transportation. Single scenario simulations indicated that passenger traffic in Xi’an would not achieve carbon emission peak by 2030, but multi-scenario simulations showed it would. Specific recommendations for carbon emission reduction in urban passenger transportation were provided, focusing on travel patterns, energy sources, and promotion of green initiatives.

Analysis of passenger transportation and the public transportation impact on the reduction in a smart city

The state of atmospheric pollution is determined by the growth of the population, the amount of transport and the generated volumes of emissions. The object is the process of analyzing passenger transportation in the city. The subject is passenger transport analysis methods. Purpose: analysis of passenger transportation and approaches to optimization of public transport based on the concept of a smart city. Tasks: analysis of passenger transportation, classification of existing conceptual approaches to optimization of public transport with low carbon emissions, systematization of existing methods, means and types of neural networks in smart cities, analysis of successful implementation projects. Methods of statistical analysis, linear and non-linear interpolation, logical generalization, comparison, grouping, analysis and synthesis. Results: the analysis of passenger transportation in the city revealed that statistical data sets indicate a decrease in the main indicators of passenger traffic and an increase in the volume of emissions of carbon-containing compounds. The classification of existing approaches to the optimization of public transport is carried out according to the priority of public transport, hybridization and electrification of vehicles and the implementation of IT monitoring. During the systematization of methods and means in smart cities, the following are highlighted: smart transport systems; electric vehicles; transport sharing networks; smart applications and information systems; innovative payment systems; unmanned vehicles; information boards and announcement systems; networks of bicycle paths and equipped sidewalks; environmental monitoring systems. Among neural networks, recurrent, convolutional, and deep neural networks have been proposed as those that contribute to route optimization and traffic prediction. Conclusions: the statistical analysis of passenger transportation established that reducing carbon dioxide emissions is an unresolved task for both public transport and the transportation system. It is proposed to include methods and means that optimize public transport, reducing the carbon footprint of the initiatives of implementing the concept of a smart city, which are successful all over the world. It is proposed to use recurrent, convolutional and deep neural networks to optimize passenger transportation in smart cities.

The Science, Engineering, and Validation of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal and Storage.

Scenarios to stabilize global climate and meet international climate agreements require rapid reductions in human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, often augmented by substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. While some ocean-based removal techniques show potential promise as part of a broader CDR and decarbonization portfolio, no marine approach is ready yet for deployment at scale because of gaps in both scientific and engineering knowledge. Marine CDR spans a wide range of biotic and abiotic methods, with both common and technique-specific limitations. Further targeted research is needed on CDR efficacy, permanence, and additionality as well as on robust validation methods-measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification-that are essential to demonstrate the safe removal and long-term storage of CO2. Engineering studies are needed on constraints including scalability, costs, resource inputs, energy demands, and technical readiness. Research on possible co-benefits, ocean acidification effects, environmental and social impacts, and governance is also required.

Road surface cold-mixed cold-laid recycled carbon-reduced pavement material research

ABSTRACT In recent years, the concept of sustainable circular economy has emerged due to the increasing awareness of environmental protection. In 2015, the United Nations proposed the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ and developed 17 sustainable development goals, with Goal 12 being ‘Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns by promoting a green economy and significantly reducing waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling, and reuse’. In 2015, Taiwan passed the ‘Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act’ (referred to as the GHG Act), with the legislative purpose of addressing climate change and fulfilling environmental responsibilities. In 2022, the Ministry of Economic Affairs formulated the ‘2050 Net Zero Emissions Pathway Plan’ with four major strategies and two foundations (technology research and development and climate legislation) as the main focus. The four major strategies include industrial transformation, encouraging the manufacturing sector to focus on process improvement and energy conversion, and introducing carbon reduction technology in the construction sector to achieve a circular economy. As Taiwan’s road construction area continues to grow, a new pavement material called ‘Cold-mixed cold-laid recycled carbon-reduced pavement material’ has been developed. This innovative material reduces carbon dioxide emissions by eliminating the need for on-site fuel heating during construction. It saves energy and helps to reduce greenhouse effects, aligning with environmental protection goals.

Newly evidence across the world on how climate financing helps in ensuring a greener future

Investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a promising approach to address the negative impacts of climate change on the environment and to encourage efforts to adjust to changing conditions. Climate funding is a kind of foreign aid that seeks to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and promote ecologically sustainable economic development. However, it is not quite clear to what extent it helps recipient countries transition to low-carbon pathways. This research examines the worldwide flow of climate finance from 1999 to 2017 to determine the impact of climate funds on reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development in recipient countries. The data suggest a potential correlation between climate funding and the reduction of carbon emissions, with investments in mitigation seeming to have a greater impact than spending on adaptation. Furthermore, countries that have achieved significant economic progress and Small Island developing states stand to benefit more from climate aid aimed at reducing emissions. This is due to the fact that both sorts of nations exhibit greater rates of economic growth. These results are significant for policymakers, who may use them to accelerate the transition to net-zero combustion levels and enhance environmental sustainability.

Optimization design analysis on sodium chloride solution evaporative crystallization system driven by high-temperature heat pump

Industrial crystallization is an essential procedure for food, chemistry, and seawater desalination, whereas it accompanies with considerable energy consumption. Although the mechanical vapor recompression serves as an effective tool for heat recovery, it cannot adapt to the lower evaporation temperatures of crystallization process (45–90 °C). To address the above issues, this paper proposed a composited system consisting of high-temperature heat pump and draft tube baffle evaporative crystallizer, which can achieve higher energy efficiency. The coupling mathematical model is solved through the Newton iterative method. The optimized input parameter is determined based on thermal analysis, and the coefficient of performance can reach 5.85. Moreover, the system employs R1234ze as the working medium, achieving the minimum total heat exchange area of 19.27 m2. Simultaneously, this system with different evaporation capacities exhibit similar cycle rates, approximately 58.3. After the system is constructed, the energy-saving and economic evaluation is performed. The result indicates that the system demonstrates an annual carbon dioxide emission reduction about 550 tons, an annual cost reduction of 221,718 CNY, and a dynamic payback period of only 0.89 years, presenting significant economic advantages. By this study, it provides some theoretical guidance for practical engineering applications.

Experimental studies on behavior of one-part geopolymer composite slabs subjected to blast loading

Over the past two decades, geopolymer has emerged as a noteworthy alternative to traditional cementitious materials in construction, offering comparable performance with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The recent development of one-part geopolymer composites, which transform the alkaline activating solution into a solid powder form, has significantly enhanced the scalability and applicability of geopolymer in construction contexts. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of one-part geopolymer composite slabs when subjected to blast loading. Four slab specimens were constructed using the one-part geopolymer composite. Two of these specimens were reinforced with steel wire mesh, while the other two used PVA fibers for reinforcement. These slabs were tested under various blast loading induced by a shock tube. Employing three-dimensional digital image correlation techniques, the dynamic responses and damage mechanisms exhibited by these slabs were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results reveal that the fiber-reinforced geopolymer composite (FRGC) slabs demonstrate superior blast resistance compared to those reinforced with steel wire mesh. In particular, the one-part geopolymer matrix combined with PVA fibers exhibited a synergistic effect, indicating an enhanced capacity for energy dissipation. The findings suggest that one-part geopolymer concrete reinforced with PVA fibers holds significant potential for applications in the field of protective engineering, marking a step forward in the development of sustainable and resilient construction materials.

Portraying on-road CO2 concentrations using street view panoramas and ensemble learning

A significant reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by transportation is essential for attaining sustainable urban development. Carbon concentrations from road traffic in urban areas exhibit complex spatial patterns due to the impact of street configurations, mobile sources, and human activities. However, a comprehensive understanding of these patterns, which involve complex interactions, is still lacking due to the human perspective of road interface characteristics has not been taken into account. In this study, a mobile travel platform was constructed to collect both on-road navigation Street View Panoramas (OSVPs) and the corresponding CO2 concentrations. >100 thousand sample pairs that matched “street view-CO2 concentration” were obtained, covering 675.8 km of roads in Shenzhen, China. In addition, four ensemble learning (EL) models were utilized to establish nonlinear connections between the semantic and object features of streetscapes and CO2 concentrations. After performing EL fusion modeling, the predictive R2 in the test set exceeded 90 %, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was <3.2 ppm. The model was applied to Baidu Street View Panoramas (BSVPs) in Shenzhen to generate a map of average on-road CO2 with a 100 m resolution, and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) was then used to identify high CO2 intensity spatial clusters. Additionally, the Light Gradient Boost-SHapley Additive exPlanation (LGB-SHAP) analysis revealed that vertically planted trees can reduce CO2 emissions from on-road sources. Moreover, the factors that affect on-road CO2 exhibit interaction and threshold effects. Street View Panoramas (SVPs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) were adopted here to enhance the spatial measurement of on-road CO2 concentrations and the understanding of driving factors. Our approach facilitates the assessment and design of low-emission transportation in urban areas, which is critical for promoting sustainable traffic development.

Techno-economic study of chimneyless electric arc furnace plants for the coproduction of steel and of electricity, hydrogen, or methanol

Electric arc furnace (EAF) is the most common technology for steel production from steel scrap. Although the input energy is mostly constituted by electricity, significant amounts of carbon dioxide are emitted with the exhaust gases, most of which are classifiable as process-related. The main goal of this study is to perform a techno-economic analysis of chimneyless electric arc furnace plants, fed by either scrap or direct reduced iron (DRI), and able to coproduce steel as well as electricity, hydrogen, or methanol. Several plant configurations are investigated, featuring different combinations of oxy-postcombustion, carbon capture, carbon monoxide-rich gas recovery, hydrogen or syngas production by high-temperature electrolysis or coelectrolysis, and methanol synthesis. These configurations are also characterized by decreased false air leakage and by heat recovery for steam production. Results show that all cases allow achieving a substantial reduction of direct carbon dioxide emissions, close to 99% compared to the unabated conditions. From an economic perspective, in a long-term scenario, the internal rate of return is always above 8%, and up to 73% for the DRI-fed case. However, in a short-term scenario, only cases with sole power production are economically viable. Hydrogen and methanol are competitive with market prices only for low electricity costs. In a higher electricity cost scenario, the case of carbon capture and storage is more competitive than the case of carbon capture and utilization. With an electricity cost of 100 €/MWh, a steel premium of 10–40 €/t allows to reach economic feasibility if methanol or hydrogen selling prices are in line with current market conditions. In general, the configurations with DRI-fed furnaces obtain more favorable economic performance than scrap-fed ones. The competitiveness of sole electricity, hydrogen or methanol production configurations depends on the case study and on the future market prices.

Розроблення жароміцних ливарних сплавів на основі системи Al-Fe-Mn-Ni

Development of new creep-resistant materials is a constantly existing task for modern materials science. At the same time, the creation of creep-resistant aluminum alloys plays an important role due to the combination of low density and the potential to achieve high resistance to properties degradation unter elevated temperatures. Increasing the level of operating temperatures for aluminum alloys makes it possible to replace some of the parts made of iron-based materials in cars, airplanes and various machinery. This will allow to reduce the weight of machines and mechanisms, increase their energy efficiency and environmental friendliness due to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the widely used creep-resistant aluminum alloys belong to the Al-Si-Cu, Al-Cu and Al-Si-Cu-Fe-Ni systems. Such alloys have a relatively low level of mechanical properties, which is insufficient for modern requirements. Their significant advantage is the ease of obtaining finished products by using casting processes. Among the alternative systems of heat-resistant aluminum alloys, those containing Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn are often considered. Iron and nickel are able to form fibrous nano-sized components of eutectics with aluminum, which are stable at high temperatures. They are effective barriers for the movement of dislocations and they also do not eliminate alloys plasticity. The disadvantage of such alloys is the zero alloying of the matrix metal, which means potentially low strength. Alloying of heat-resistant aluminum alloys should be carried out with elements that have a low diffusion coefficient in aluminum. The best option for this is manganese, which can dissolve in Al-matrix in a large quantities and forms a stable strengthening intermetallic Al6Mn with aluminum. Al-Fe-Mn-Ni alloys, because of their structural and phase features, can be subjected to plastic deformation, which, in combination with heat treatment, significantly increases the level of mechanical properties of alloys in a wide temperature range due to grain refinement and inhibition of recrystallization by stable ultradispersed intermetallic particles. Keywords: сasting aluminum alloys, creep-resistant alloys, new materials, Al-Fe-Mn-Ni.

Spatial relevance of synergistic effects between air pollutants and carbon dioxide emission reductions: A case study in the Bohai Rim region of China

Analyzing the spatial correlation of synergistic effect of reducing air pollutants and carbon dioxide (SERAC) between cities, which are spatial hubs characterized by dense populations, industries, and energy usage, provides a foundation for devising regional joint prevention and control policies tailored to local circumstances at this scale. The study analyzed 43 cities in the Bohai Rim region, assessing synergistic emission reduction effects from 2006 to 2020 using a coupled coordination model based on air pollutants (AP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission trends. Social network analysis is employed to investigate the structural characteristics and robustness of the spatial correlation network and to unveil the position and significance of each city within the network. The study found that: (1) AP emission equivalent peaked in 2011, while the growth rate of CO2 emission equivalent slowed down in the Bohai Rim region. (2) The low-value areas for the SERAC are spatially clustered in Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan, with 90% of the cities in a coordinated state. (3) The network showcasing the spatial correlation between the SERAC features both “local clustering” and “global correlation” coexisting, and its robustness needs improvement. (4) Membership within the plates is relatively stable. On this basis, it is proposed that the Bohai Rim region can enhance the SERAC by establishing a “lead-follow” inter-city mechanism, strengthen the stabilizing role of core entities, implement differentiated emission reduction measures in communities, and expand regional cooperation, ultimately reducing costs and increasing efficiency.