Reduced Hydrogen Sulfide Research Articles

Effect of Dosing PIX 113 Coagulant to the Batch on Mesophilic Fermentation Process and Reducing Hydrogen Sulfide Content in Biogas

Effect of Dosing PIX 113 Coagulant to the Batch on Mesophilic Fermentation Process and Reducing Hydrogen Sulfide Content in Biogas

Engineering interface between bioenergy recovery and biogas desulfurization: Sustainability interplays of biochar application

The sustainability of anaerobic digestion (AD) is often challenged by the low energy efficiency of sulfur-contaminated waste and subsequent high carbon emission in biogas desulfurization. Recent advances in the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) mechanism present a unique biotechnological means to cope with relevant fundamental constraints of microbial competition. This study aims to provide a systematic investigation regarding how and to what extent can DIET-conductive materials (especially biochar) mitigate relevant AD away from the environmental burdens of hydrogen sulfide generation. Through the experimental validation of biochar applications in bioreactor trials, the profiles of intermediates pathways and electron diversion were first examined together with microbiological analysis. Instead of suppressing the notorious growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria, the results revealed an interesting phenomenon of enriched coexistence but a reduced hydrogen sulfide generation with DIET application. In a stoichiometric relationship, around 26.6% of the total electrons were migrated from hydrogen sulfide production back to methane generation. Sensitivity analysis of life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to better understand the environmental significance of electron diversion by biochar application in the systematic context of bioenergy recovery and biogas desulfurization. The LCA results characterized the benefits and limitations of DIET-driven desulfurization for the environmental performance of each impact category, while the potential improvement through better resource circularity in the desulfurization unit was also highlighted. Overall, built on experimental validation, this study frames relevant evaluations to achieve insights into the pivotal roles of biochar application as well as the quantitative interdependencies between DIET-driven desulfurization and AD sustainability.

Applied Research Note: Evaluation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial as a strategy to reduce hydrogen sulfide emissions from poultry excreta using a practical monitoring method

Effective implementation of noxious odor mitigation strategies requires a thorough understanding of production causes, a clear definition of harmful odor limits, and practical and effective methods to measure emissions into the environment. With the increasing demand for poultry products and consequently, intensification of production systems, there is a need for versatile odor remediation approaches. Hydrogen sulfide ( H 2 S ) is a pungent noxious gas associated with poultry farms. The presence and intensity of H 2 S from animal excreta is the result of the dynamic balance of its formation and reduction, under primarily anaerobic microbial fermentation conditions. Unlike other odors such as ammonia, H 2 S production and emission is a less researched subject. In the present study, a practical monitoring method was devised to evaluate the efficacy of a Bacillus -based microbial product as a strategy to remediate H 2 S emissions from poultry excreta. The evaluated excreta were preconditioned with distilled water and then incubated for 24 h under controlled temperature before odor measurement. Plastic containers were used as incubation units, and H 2 S diffusion tubes were used as the monitoring tool. Hydrogen sulfide emitted from the excreta of broilers fed the microbial product was reduced on average by 42.9% compared to a nonmicrobial fed group. Under the current trial conditions, H 2 S emitted from growing broiler chicken excreta was easily detectable and variation was low. Moreover, the method allowed dynamic and quick H 2 S monitoring that will further offer tools to the commercial poultry industry for evaluating the effectiveness of feeding strategies in odor remediation.

Structural and (Pseudo-)Enzymatic Properties of Neuroglobin: Its Possible Role in Neuroprotection.

Neuroglobin (Ngb), the third member of the globin family, was discovered in human and murine brains in 2000. This monomeric globin is structurally similar to myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) α and β subunits, but it hosts a bis-histidyl six-coordinated heme-Fe atom. Therefore, the heme-based reactivity of Ngb is modulated by the dissociation of the distal HisE7-heme-Fe bond, which reflects in turn the redox state of the cell. The high Ngb levels (~100–200 μM) present in the retinal ganglion cell layer and in the optic nerve facilitate the O2 buffer and delivery. In contrast, the very low levels of Ngb (~1 μM) in most tissues and organs support (pseudo-)enzymatic properties including NO/O2 metabolism, peroxynitrite and free radical scavenging, nitrite, hydroxylamine, hydrogen sulfide reduction, and the nitration of aromatic compounds. Here, structural and (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of Ngb, which are at the root of tissue and organ protection, are reviewed, envisaging a possible role in the protection from neuronal degeneration of the retina and the optic nerve.

Enhancing pollutant removal and electricity generation in Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell with nano zero-valent iron

A nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) was added into sediments to enhance the capacities of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) for pollutant removal and electricity generation. Open and closed circuits were applied to confirm the impact of NZVI on the pollutant removal performance of SMFCs. The operation of SMFCs in a closed circuit with 0.06% NZVI produced a current density of 340.8 mA/m 2 . Adding 0.6% NZVI to closed-circuit SMFCs reduced hydrogen sulfide from 12.5 mg/L to 0 mg/L. Moreover, adding NZVI to closed-circuit SMFCs reduced phosphate concentration from 49 mg/L to 11 mg/L. With the same amount of NZVI, the pollutant removal in a closed circuit was higher than that in an open circuit because of the electricity flow at SMFCs. In conclusion, addition of NZVI to SMFCs effectively enhanced the produced current density and reduced the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and phosphate in sediments. • Addition of NZVI to the anode chamber enhanced electricity production in SMFCs. • The higher current density of 340.8 mA/m2 in SMFC with addition 0.06% of NZVI . • Addition of 0.6% of NZVI reduced phosphate and hydrogen sulfide in sediments. • Excessive NZVI reduces electricity production in SMFCs.

Mill Scale Addition to Reduce Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Anaerobic Digestion

Direct addition of sulfur-reducing agents during anaerobic digestion (AD) is very effective in controlling hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content in biogas, although one major problem is the high operational cost due to the large amount of chemicals used. The objective of this study was to remove H2S using a waste mill scale (MS) as a sulfur-reducing agent. To evaluate its feasibility, MS was added to AD fed with food waste (FW) at concentrations between 0 and 160 g MS/kg total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) during the batch test, and the experimental results were compared to those of the batch test with the addition of iron chloride (FeCl3). Both FeCl3 and MS played an important role as electro-conductive materials in improving methane productivity by promoting direct interspecies electron transfer. An increase in H2S removal efficiency was observed with increases in both materials. In total, 30%, 60%, and 90% of H2S production based on the maximum sulfur in the form of H2S (control) was 3.7, 9.4, and 23.8 g FeCl3/kg TCOD and 13.3, 34.1, and 86.2 g MS/kg TCOD, respectively. This finding indicates that MS can be used as a sulfur-reducing agent substitute for H2S removal in AD fed with FW.

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide and miR-21 antagonism attenuates macrophage-mediated inflammation in ischemia reperfusion injury of the aged kidney.

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the aging population. A reduction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the old kidney and renal IRI contribute to renal pathology and injury. Recent studies suggest that microRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of AKI and a significant crosstalk exists between H2S and miRs. Among the miRs, miR-21 is highly expressed in AKI and is reported to have both pathological and protective role. In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of age-induced reduction in H2S and mir-21 antagonism in AKI. Wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) mice aged 12-14weeks and 75-78weeks underwent bilateral renal ischemia (27min) and reperfusion for 7days and were treated with H2S donor, GYY4137 (GYY, 0.25mg/kg/day, ip) or locked nucleic acid anti-miR-21 (20mg/kg b.w., ip) for 7days. Following IRI, old kidney showed increased macrophage polarization toward M1 inflammatory phenotype, cytokine upregulation, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis compared to young kidney. Treatment with GYY or anti-miR-21 reversed the changes and improved renal vascular density, blood flow, and renal function in the old kidney. Anti-miR-21 treatment in mouse glomerular endothelial cells showed upregulation of H2S-producing enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and cystathionineγ-lyase (CSE), and reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and collagen IV expression. In conclusion, exogenous H2S and inhibition of miR-21 rescued the old kidney dysfunction due to IRI by increasing H2S levels, reduction of macrophage-mediated injury, and promoting reparative process suggesting a viable approach for aged patients sustaining AKI.

Подбор нейтрализаторов сероводорода для получения товарного мазута на Астраханском ГПЗ

The content of hydrogen sulfide in the gas condensate of the Astrakhan gas condensate field, which is the raw material of the Astrakhan gas processing plant (Astrakhan GPP), is about 26% by volume. The high content of sulfur compounds in the reservoir mixture leads to an increased content in the fraction of >350°C, which is obtained during the primary fractionation of stable condensate. The selection of an effective reagent for the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from fuel oil is a very urgent task that is important for the company’s economy. The results of laboratory tests of reagents-neutralizers are the first stage of admission to industrial use at the Astrakhan GPP. This article is devoted to the search for analogs of reagents-neutralizers for reducing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in the fuel oil of the Astrakhan GPP.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor is involved in hypertension and vascular alterations caused by environmental toxicant hexachlorobenzene.

Environmental hexachlorobenzene (HCB) increases blood pressure (BP) in female rats, causing alterations in arterial structure and function. Here we study the role of Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) in HCB-induced hypertension through the use of AT1 antagonist losartan. HCB-treated male rats showed a 22.7% increase in BP which was prevented by losartan. Losartan blocked HCB-induced changes in arterial morphology (decreased aorta cell number and increased wall thickness). Losartan also prevented HCB-induced alterations in artery relaxation by acetylcholine and nitroprusside but not the reduction in the maximum contraction by phenylephrine. Losartan rescued arterial molecular alterations caused by HCB (i.e. an increase in TGF-β1 and AT1 expression and a decrease in eNOS expression and nitrite levels) and reduced hydrogen sulfide plasma concentration. In conclusion: in this work we demonstrate that AT1 activity is involved in HCB effects on the vascular system leading to hypertension.

Hydrogen sulfide reduction by conductive concrete with MFCs strain

The objective of this study is to reduce the production of Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sewer pipe by using conductive concrete and electricity-producing bacteria (EPB). This work was mainly focused on evaluating the effect of inoculation of EPB isolated from sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant for decreasing production of H2S. The experimental results showed that inoculation of EPB could decrease the concentration of H2S, indicating that produced H2S in an anaerobic sludge sediment layer (bottom of sewer pipe) was biologically oxidized by EPB. These results demonstrated that conductive concrete can provide an electron pathway from anaerobic sludge sediment in the bottom of sewer pipe to oxygen dissolved in surface water, and as a result the electron generated from hydrogen H2S oxidation in anaerobic environment was accepted by oxygen via conductive concrete.

Complex chemical kinetic mechanism reduction for simultaneous catalytic oxidation and desulphurization of hydrogen sulphide

Complex chemical kinetic mechanism complicates simulation of advancedadsorption column, particularly inthe coupling of simultaneous catalytic oxidation and desulphurization of hydrogen sulphide. In the present study, a new reduction method of the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism was postulated based on genetic algorithm and least square error to solve for both reactions class-based global sensitivity and path sensitivity analyses. During the reduction process, the influence of the species and reactions was determined according to the contribution of their corresponding reaction classes to the prediction uncertainties by calculating the normalized sensitivity index (NSI) and the path sensitivity coefficient (PSC) of each reaction class from the detailed mechanism. Through solving both NSI and PSC with MATLAB coding incorporating genetic algorithm and least square error, a reduced hydrogen sulphide mechanism with 15 species and 7 reactions is obtained. By comparing the calculated value from reduced mechanism with experimental data, 16 useful kinetic parameters were estimated and validated through the root mean square error (RMSE). Good agreements for the predicted data between the reduced and experimental data indicate the advantages of the present reduction method. Furthermore, the validated reduced mechanism also suggests that the exponential-like diffusion coefficient is suitable to explain the behaviour of pore blockage due to solid product formation. Lastly, the interaction between significant operating variables such as temperature, concentration, flow rate, and mass of adsorbent were also studied and presented under the umbrella of response surface method and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Redox Homeostasis Impairment as Pathomechanisms of Brain Damage in Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy: Insights from Animal and Human Studies.

Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a severe intoxication disorder caused by mutations in the ETHE1 gene that encodes a mitochondrial sulfur dioxygenase involved in the catabolism of hydrogen sulfide. It is biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of hydrogen sulfide and its by-product thiosulfate, as well as of ethylmalonic acid due to hydrogen sulfide-induced inhibition of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Patients usually present with early onset severe brain damage associated to encephalopathy, chronic hemorrhagic diarrhea and vascular lesions with petechial purpura and orthostatic acrocyanosis whose pathophysiology is poorly known. Current treatment aims to reduce hydrogen sulfide accumulation, but does not significantly prevent encephalopathy and most fatalities. In this review, we will summarize the present knowledge obtained from human and animal studies showing that disruption of mitochondrial and redox homeostasis may represent relevant pathomechanisms of tissue damage in EE. Mounting evidence show that hydrogen sulfide and ethylmalonic acid markedly disturb critical mitochondrial functions and induce oxidative stress. Novel therapeutic strategies using promising candidate drugs for this devastating disease are also discussed.

Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and garlic (Allium sativum) product mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious-gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs

Context Dietary supplementation with a single feed additive or a combination of different feed additives as growth promoters has been researched extensively. However, few studies have tested the combined use of probiotics (yeast culture) and phytogenics (garlic products) in pigs. Aims The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a mixture of yeast culture, garlic extract and garlic essential oil (YGM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious-gas emission and meat quality in finishing pigs. Methods Two hundred [(Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc] finishing pigs (50.37 ± 1.89 kg) were randomly allotted into two dietary treatments on the basis of bodyweight (BW) and sex for a 10-week feeding trial. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON) and CON containing 0.1% of YGM. The YGM was composed of 54.5% of yeast culture, 40% of garlic extract powder and 5.5% of garlic essential oil. There were 20 replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. Pig BW was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Feed consumption was recorded daily during the experiment, on a pen basis, to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Key results Dietary YGM supplementation resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) final BW and ADG than in the control groups. Pigs fed YGM supplementation diet led to a higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter (DM) than in CON. The emission of hydrogen sulfide gas from faeces was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in pigs fed YGM diets; however, ammonia and total mercaptan emissions were not influenced. There were no differences in meat-quality parameters between the two treatments. Conclusions Dietary YGM supplementation exerted beneficial effects on BW and ADG and DM digestibility, reduced hydrogen sulfide gas emission, and did not have any adverse effects on meat-quality parameters that are related to consumer acceptance. Implications The study has provided a basis and insight for future research on application of a combination of yeast culture, garlic extract and garlic essential oils, as an alternative to antibiotics in finishing pig diets.

Effects of in-sewer dosing of iron-rich drinking water sludge on wastewater collection and treatment systems

The use of coagulants and flocculants in the water and wastewater industry is predicted to increase further in the coming years. Alum is the most widely used coagulant, however, the use of ferric chloride (FeCl3) is gaining popularity. Drinking water production that uses FeCl3 as coagulant produces waste sludge rich in iron. We hypothesised that the iron-rich drinking water sludge (DWS) can potentially be used in the urban wastewater system to reduce dissolved sulfide in sewer systems, aid phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and reduce hydrogen sulfide in the anaerobic digester biogas. This hypothesis was investigated using two laboratory-scale urban wastewater systems, one as an experimental system and the other as a control, each comprising sewer reactors, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for wastewater treatment, sludge thickeners and anaerobic digestion reactors. Both were fed with domestic wastewater. The experimental system received in-sewer DWS-dosing at 10 mgFe L−1 while the control had none. The sulfide concentration in the experimental sewer effluent decreased by 3.5 ± 0.2 mgS L−1 as compared with the control, while the phosphate concentration decreased by 3.6 ± 0.3 mgP L−1 after biological wastewater treatment in the experimental SBR. The dissolved sulfide concentration in the experimental anaerobic digester also decreased by 15.9 ± 0.9 mgS L−1 following the DWS-dosing to the sewer reactors. The DWS-doing also enhanced the settleability of the mixed liquor suspended sludge (MLSS) (SVI decreased from 193.2 ± 22.2 to 108.0 ± 7.7 ml g−1), and the dewaterability of the anaerobically digested sludge (the cake solids concentration increased from 15.7 ± 0.3% to 19.1 ± 1.8%). The introduction of DWS into the experimental system significantly increased the COD and TSS concentrations in the wastewater, and consequently the MLSS concentration in the SBR, however, this did not affect normal operation. The results demonstrated that iron-rich waste sludge from drinking water production can be used in the urban wastewater system achieving multiple benefits. Therefore, an integrated approach to urban water and wastewater management should be considered to maximise the benefits of iron use in the system.

Enhanced dark fermentative hydrogen production from waste activated sludge by combining potassium ferrate with alkaline pretreatment

Alkaline pretreatment was demonstrated to be effective in the enhancement of hydrogen production. However, the sludge solubilization rate of alkaline pretreatment is still limited. This study reports a new strategy of K2FeO4 + pH 9.5 for sludge mesophilic anaerobic fermentation. Experimental results showed that the combination of K2FeO4/pH 9.5 pretreatment had a greater hydrogen yield than the individual K2FeO4 and pH 9.5. The maximum hydrogen yield was 19.2 mL per gram volatile suspended solids (VSS) under the optimal condition (0.02 g per gram total suspended solids K2FeO4 + pH 9.5). Kinetic analysis showed that the highest hydrogen production potential of 19.9 mL/g VSS was obtained in the combined reactor, which well fitted the first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9925). Besides, the fermentation type was mainly acetic and butyric in the combined reactor, which contributed to hydrogen production. Further analyses showed that the combined pretreatment reduced hydrogen sulfide yield, providing an environmentally friendly method to sludge treatment.

Estradiol-17β inhibits homocysteine mediated damage by promoting H2 S production via upregulating CBS and CSE expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Associated with reduced hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) production in Hcy metabolic disorders, Plasma Hcy accumulation can bring about vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, recently proposed therapies for vascular damage by estrogen could contribute to promoting endogenous hydrogen sulfide production. This study explores whether estrogen can come into play in protection in hyperhomocysteinemia and hypertensive patients at a population level, and then analyses the specific mechanism of estrogen protection in homocysteine (Hcy)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at the foundational level. A case-control study, conducted on 1277 female hypertension and non-hypertensive patients from Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, showed that the Hcy concentration of hypertensive patients emerged higher than that of healthy controls (P < .001), and that of estrogen was the reverse (P < .001). Estrogen had a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure and plasma Hcy concentration. HUVECs were treated with estrogen and Hcy in the basic experimental part, and 17β-estradiol (E2β) stimulated proliferation and inhibited damage in Hcy-treated umbilical vein endothelial cells. Treatment with Hcy dampens the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) then cuts down H2 S production in cultured HUVECs, however, E2β reverses this process. To sum up, we have demonstrated a significant correlation between estrogen, Hcy concentration and systolic blood pressure reduction, which is bound up with Hcy metabolism and endogenous hydrogen sulfide production. The role of E2β was further strengthened by CBS and the CSE inhibitor through overthrowing the change in hydrogen sulfide of Hcy-treated HUVECs.

HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND ALKANTHIOLS IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF HYDROXY GROUPS IN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS

Hydrogen sulfide and alkanethiols are toxic compounds containing in the production of wells in many oil and gas condensate fields. Because the policy of hydrocarbon processing enterprises aimed at the development of new fundamental research, processes and technologies in order to find rational use of raw materials, the conversion of hydrogen sulfide and alkanethiols into valuable compounds is one of the strategic goals of the oil and gas industry. The methods of "green" chemistry are perspective processes for converting hydrogen sulfide and alkantiols into valuable organic compounds, which allow working in environmentally friendly conditions with minimal energy and resource costs. The reactions of direct nucleophilic substitution of butanol-2, pentanol-1 and hexanol-1 to HS- and RS- group by single-electron reduction of hydrogen sulfide and alkanthiol in acetonitrile and ionic liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with a single by-product - H2O were described. The possibility of conducting an experiment without electrolyte due to the intrinsic electrical conductivity of the ionic liquid allows not only lowering the consumption of reagents, but also facilitating the isolation of the target product. Due to the structuring and the matrix effect in ionic liquids, the duration of electrolysis in the reactions under consideration is 2-3 times less than in the case of aprotic solvents.

Assessment of the use of mainstream iron addition for phosphorous control on H2 S content of biogas from anaerobic digestion of sludges.

A material flux analysis on sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe) was conducted for two WWTPs (Galt and Kitchener) to evaluate the potential of coagulants that are employed for phosphorus control to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) emissions in the biogas from anaerobic digestion. It was found that while the Galt WWTP receives higher concentrations of S in the raw wastewater than the Kitchener WWTP, this had only a modest impact on the speciation of S entering anaerobic digestion. At both plants, only 2%-4% of influent S entered the digesters. The presence of Fe in the sludge stream was found to cause S, that is released by volatile solid destruction and sulfate ( ) reduction, to become particulate-bound. A dosage of 1.1mg/L of Fe into the raw wastewater (11% of the Fe dosed for P control) was sufficient for sulfide (S2- ) control. Transitioning the Galt WWTP from Al to Fe dosing for P control had no significant impact on effluent P concentrations and resulted in a substantial reduction in the biogas H2 S concentration. An additional secondary benefit was an increase in the solid content of the dewatered cake. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Material flux analyses can be employed to gain insight into the fate of key elements contributing to biogas quality. The use of iron for phosphorous control can effectively control H2 S in anaerobic biogas. Conversion from Al2 (SO4 )3 to FeSO4 dosing for P control resulted in increased solid content of centrifuged biosolids.

Mental retardation in Down syndrome: Two ways to treat

Mental retardation is a progressive condition in Down syndrome: intelligence starts to decline linearly within the first year. This phenomenon could be related to the overproduction of a toxic compound, hydrogen sulfide. Indeed, a gene located on chromosome 21 controls the production of cystathionine-β-synthase, an enzyme involved in hydrogen sulfide production in the central nervous system. It has recently been demonstrated that excess cystathionine-β-synthase levels are needed and sufficient to induce cognitive phenotypes in mouse models of Down syndrome. Thus, two therapeutic options might be used in Down syndrome patients: the use of a specific cystathionine β-synthase inhibitor and the use of an effective antidote to reduce hydrogen sulfide toxicity. Prenatal treatment of Down syndrome fetuses is also suggested.

Investigating the probiotic characteristics of four microbial strains with potential application in feed industry.

The present study aimed to evaluate the probiotic characteristics of certain microbial strains for potential use as feed additives. Three bacterial strains and a yeast previously isolated from different environments were investigated. The strains were subjected to molecular identification and established as Lactobacillus paracasei CP133, Lactobacillus plantarum CP134, Bacillus subtilis CP350 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CP605. Lactobacillus sp. CP133 and CP134 exhibited antibiosis, antibiotic activity, and relative odor reduction ability. Bacillus subtilis CP350 was thermotolerant, reduced hydrogen sulfide gas and showed significant proteolytic activity, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae CP605 exhibited high acid and bile salt tolerance. In general, the isolates in this study demonstrated improved functional characteristics, particularly acid and bile tolerance and relative cell adhesion to HT-29 monolayer cell line. Results in this work provides multifunctional probiotic characteristics of the strains for potential development of probiotics and cleaning of the environment.