Reduction In Hemoglobin Content Research Articles

Diet-Influenced Performance of Juvenile Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Experimental Aeromonas Infection

The effects of two diets, SGP 493 (Aller Aqua, Denmark; SGP) and chironomid larvae (Katrinex, Poland; CHI), on juvenile carp survival and hematological values after subcutaneous infection with Aeromonas veronii bt. sobria (strain K144) were studied. All infected fish developed skin ulcers and both groups developed anemia, i.e., a severe reduction in hemoglobin content with- out a decrease in red blood cell count and a minor decrease in hematocrit. There were higher levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin in the CHI group at the beginning of the infection, together with a slightly higher erythropoietic potential. At the end of the experi- ment, partial recovery of hemoglobin levels took place. The SGP diet induced considerable leukocytosis in healthy fish, which did not enhance their resistance to the infection. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced phagocyte activity took place in all infected fish. Survival 15 days after injection was 50% in SGP and 63% in CHI, suggesting that fish fed natural food were slight- ly less susceptible to Aeromonas-induced anemia even though feeding natural food or SGP did not significantly affect the performance of infected fish.

Accessing the Erythrocyte Cytoplasm: A Method for Manipulating the Intracellular Environment of Erythrocytes for the Study of Malaria Invasion, Trafficking and Growth.

Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria parasites requires participation of both parasite ligands and host determinants. Further recent studies show that erythrocyte G protein signaling regulates malarial infection. Many of the Gs-associated signaling components reside on the cytoplasmic leaflet of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, rendering them inaccessible to most extracellular probes. Since erythrocytes are enucleated and terminally differentiated, they cannot be transfected to express exogenous transgenes. We have modified methods of hypotonic lysis and isotonic resealing to generate loaded erythrocyte ghosts that can be efficiently infected by Plasmodium falciparum and sustain normal levels of intraerythrocytic parasite growth and replication. Further, we show that these ghosts can be filled with various membrane-impermeable peptides or other proteinaceous cargoes for studying signaling and transport events inside the erythrocyte. Resealed ghosts morphologically resemble normal erythrocytes, albeit with reduced hemoglobin content. Other measures of erythrocyte function and malarial infection are being investigated. Studies will be presented on the use of ‘reconstituted' erythrocytes in elucidating mechanisms parasite invasion as well as parasite protein trafficking in erythrocytes infected by P. falciparum.

Clinical and radiographic dental findings in X linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.

X linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was studied in the dentition of both affected males and carrier females. Hypodontia was more severe in males than females and there were differences in the pattern of tooth absence between the sexes. Abnormal crown form, with the maximum diameter of the teeth being apically displaced, was noted particularly in the anterior teeth. Taurodontism was commonly seen radiographically.

An investigation into the long-term effects of rhine water on rainbow trout

Rainbow trout were maintained in Rhine water for a period of 18 months in order to determine the chronic toxicological quality of this water. An equal number of trout were kept in ground water of drinking water quality under identical experimental conditions. Compared to this control group, the rainbow trout in Rhine water showed growth inhibition, enlarged liver and kidneys, reduced hemoglobin content, increased blood glucose level and a significant accumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in adipose tissue. Moreover, histological changes were observed in the liver and spleen at the end of the experiment. The effects mentioned are of a nature and extent such that it may be concluded that Rhine water is chronically toxic to rainbow trout.

Computed tomography of splenic subcapsular hematomas: an experimental study in dogs.

Following baseline CT scans, splenic subcapsular hematomas were produced in dogs by direct splenic trauma. The CT scans of the spleen were obtained one to two hours before and after administration of IV contrast media and one, two, seven, 14 and 28 days following splenic trauma. Variations in the CT image of the hematomas was correlated with time and alterations in the chemical and histologic nature of the hematoma. Initially, the hematomas were isodense with the normal spleen and identified only following IV contrast administration. The initial number of hematomas identified by CT decreased to about half after seven to 14 days and then remained stable. Analysis of the hematomas revealed an initial increase in hemoglobin which was followed by a decrease. Dry weight increased, then decreased; lipid content decreased over time; and calcium content showed no appreciable change. The CT appearance of splenic subcapsular hematomas is dependent on the age of the hematoma. CT scans done soon after trauma should be performed following administration of intravenous contrast media, while less acute hematomas should be apparent without contrast media. Changes in attenuation values of hematomas appear due to a reduction in hemoglobin content and an increase in water content of the hematoma.

The influence of acute normovolemic anemia on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption of anesthetized rats.

The influence of acute normovolemic anemia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRo2) was studied in normocapnic rats under nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The arterial hemoglobin content was reduced to values of about 12, 9, 6 and 3 g.(100 ml)(-1) by arterial bleeding and substitution with equal volumes of homolgous plasma. The CBF increased in proportion to the reduction in hemoglobin content to reach values of 500-600 per cent of normal at extreme degrees of anemia, but CMR02 remained unchanged. Cerebral venous PO2 and oxygen saturation did not decrease below normal values, indicating that tissue hypoxia did not develop. However, since the increase in CBF at hemoglobin concentrations of below 9 g(100 ml)(-1) was far in excess of that expected from the decrease in viscosity the results indicate thatdilatation of cerebral resistance vessels occurred. This dilatation, which was obviously related to the fall in arterial oxygen content, cannot be explained by any of the current theories proposed to explain cerebral hyperemia in hypoxia.

Pathologic physiology and chemotherapy of Plasmodium berghei: II. Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains

Mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei die of progressive parasitemia and anemia in about 7 days postinoculation. The blood collected from mice sacrificed on days 4, 5, 6, and 7 after inoculation revealed the following features which contrast with blood from normal noninfected mice: (1) reduction in hemoglobin content; (2) reduction in oxygen content, when blood was equilibrated with gas mixtures of 5.25, 9.84, 19.9, and 93.85% oxygen and 5.12, 5.46, 4.95, and 6.15% carbon dioxide, respectively; (3) reduction in blood pH when blood was equilibrated with the above mentioned gas mixtures; and (4) the dissociation curve for oxyhemoglobin was shifted to the right. The blood collected from the mice infected with chloroquine-resistant strain of P. berghei showed essentially the same features as the blood from the mice inoculated with the sensitive strain with the following minor difference: the anemia was more severe but the parasitemia was less intense in the mice with chloroquine-resistant strain. The dissociation curve for the oxyhemoglobin obtained from mice infected with resistant strain was between the curve from noninfected mice and the curve from mice infected with sensitive strain.

Toxicity of selenium to post-weanling rats

Dietary selenium, as sodium selenite and as seleniferous wheat, was fed to young rats in 6-week experiments. The selenium additions were at levels of 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, 8.0, 9.6, and 11.2 ppm in a wheat-type diet. Except for a slight growth reduction with the diet containing 4.8 ppm of selenium as sodium selenite, growth retardation did not occur unless the diets contained 6.4 ppm or more of the additive from either source. Mortality occurred after the fourth week when the additive was at 8.0 ppm or more. In observations with seleniferous-wheat selenium at growth inhibitory levels, voluntary feed intake reduction accounted for growth reduction, since equal amounts of control diet gave similar or somewhat less weight gain. Diets containing seleniferous-wheat selenium at 1.6–8.0 ppm did not affect water consumption in 4-week observations. However, 6.4 ppm in the diet increased spleen weight and altered liver appearance; and 8.0 ppm or more caused further effects such as enlargement of the pancreas, reduction in hemoglobin content of blood, and elevation of bilirubin content of serum. Selenium from seleniferous wheat was deposited in tissues such as liver, thigh muscle, and hair to a greater extent than was selenium from sodium selenite.

Effect of feeding 5 per cent l-phenylalanine to young chicks

1. 1. A diet containing a 5 per cent excess of phenylalanine was fed to day-old and 4-week-old chicks for periods of four weeks. 2. 2. The following deficits were noted: depressed feed efficiency, depressed growth rate, malformation of hock joint and toes, poor motor coordination, discoloration of shank and face, crop enlargement, rough feather development, reduced hemoglobin content of the blood and, in general, retarded growth and development in all physical parameters. 3. 3. Complete remission of all somatic deficits except spleen weight was obtained within four weeks by supplying the animals with a normal diet.