Reducing Plaque Accumulation Research Articles

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Probiotic Mouthwashes in Reducing Dental Plaque in Primary and Permanent Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Due to the disadvantages of chemical mouthwashes, the search for an effective and safe anti-plaque agent has led to the emergence of probiotics.Aim: To compare the effectiveness of nonchemical mouthwashes (probiotic) with chemical mouthwashes (fluoride) on plaque accumulation in orphan children after seven, 14, and 30 days of use.Materials and methods: The present study was a triple-blind randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups (A and B), which included 30 healthy children. Each group included 15 children aged between eight and 10 years from Dar Al-Rahma Orphanage in Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. Group A used 10 ml of probiotic mouthwash (ProbioClean) and group B used 10 ml of fluoride mouthwash (Colgate) for 60 seconds for 30 days. Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein (TMQH) plaque index was used in this study to record the values of plaque accumulation on days seven, 14, and 30.Results: Mann-Whitney U test showed statistical significance between probiotics and fluoride mouthwashes on days 14 (p < 0.001) and 30 (p = 0.001), and there was no statistical significance on day seven (p = 0.934).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, probiotic mouthwashes are considered an effective solution for maintaining oral health. However, probiotics are more effective in reducing plaque accumulation after a month of use.

Evaluation of effect of consumption of probiotics on the gingival and periodontal health status in children undergoing chemotherapy.

Probiotics consist of live microbes. They do not have any adverse effects on health. They provide nutritive benefits to individuals when ingested in adequate quantities. The most common oral infections of the oral cavity are those affecting the periodontal and dental tissues. 1) To evaluate the antimicrobial role of oral probiotics against microorganisms involved in infections of periodontal and dental tissues. 2) To evaluate the state of health of gingival and periodontal tissues of children undergoing chemotherapy after the use of oral probiotics. 60 children, between the age group of 3 and 15 years, undergoing chemotherapy were randomly distributed under control and probiotics administered test group for 90 days. The gingival, periodontal, and oral hygiene statuses were evaluated along with their caries activity test. The parameters were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0. The oral probiotics consumption significantly reduced the plaque accumulation between days of observation among those in the treatment group (P < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in the gingival and periodontal status in the tested group (P < 0.05). Snyder test was conducted to assess caries activity. Score 1 was found in 10 children, score 2 in eight children. Score 3 was not found in any child under the study group. The results show that the regular consumption of oral probiotics significantly reduces plaque accumulation, calculus formation, and caries activity among the test group.

Chlorhexidine Mouthwash for Gingivitis Control in Orthodontic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To summarise the available data on the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in treating gingivitis during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Multiple electronic databases were searched up to December 7th, 2021. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2.0). After data extraction and risk of bias assessment, differences were recorded in several oral hygiene indices in time and mean percentage change in those indices using different antimicrobial solutions. Fourteen studies were deemed eligible for inclusion, reporting on a total of 602 patients with an age range of 11-35 years. The experimental solution was a 0.06%, 0.12%, or 0.2% CHX mouthwash with the control either a placebo mouthwash or a selection from a variety of mouthwashes. Treatment duration varied from 1 day to almost 5 months and the follow-up period varied from 1 min to 5 months. Chlorhexidine mouthrinses led to reduced plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation during orthodontic treatment, while at the same time, some of the control group mouthrinses were deemed equally effective. No statistically significant difference was detected in the meta-analysis between CHX and mouthwashes with propolis/probiotics/herbs in terms of the gingival index at 3 to 4 weeks (mean difference 0.07, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.31, p = 0.59). Chlorhexidine mouthwash in orthodontic patients successfully controls gingival inflammation and bleeding when compared to untreated controls, but is equally effective as other mouthrinses where various oral health indices are concerned.

Application of antibacterial nanoparticles in orthodontic materials

Abstract During the orthodontic process, increased microbial colonization and dental plaque formation on the orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries are major complications, causing oral infectious diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. To reduce plaque accumulation, antimicrobial materials are increasingly being investigated and applied to orthodontic appliances and auxiliaries by various methods. Through the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to exhibit excellent antibacterial properties and have been applied in orthodontic materials to decrease dental plaque accumulation. In this review, we present the current development, antibacterial mechanisms, biocompatibility, and application of antibacterial NPs in orthodontic materials.

Efektivitas Pemakaian Sikat Gigi Timer Dua Menit Terhadap Penurunan Skor Plak Gigi pada Anak Usia 7-8 Tahun

Background: The global prevalence of dental caries is still high and reach 60 to 90% of school children. Dental caries is caused by dental plaque that can be prevented by brushing teeth. ADA recommended two minutes as duration of brushing teeth, but many Indonesian children haven’t reached that standard. Purpose: Knowing the effectiveness of two minutes toothbrush timer and conventional toothbrush to the plaque accumulation. Methods: This was an experimental study using pre and post-test group control with single blind design. Amount of 40 students aged 7-8 years divided to two group (control and intervention) using simple random sampling technique. The respondens was instructed to brushing teeth (Bass method) for two minutes, then the plaque index was measured by Löe &amp; Silness method. Results: Independent t-test results showed the significant differences (mean of plaque index reduction was higher in toothbrush timer group compared to conventional toothbrush group). However, there was no significant difference at the last visit. Conclusion: Using two minutes toothbrush timer is not effective to reduce plaque accumulation. With the increasing of children’s ability in brushing teeth, making the use of timer toothbrush or without timer is useful in reducing plaque.

Loss of CD226 protects apolipoprotein E-deficient mice from diet-induced atherosclerosis

CD226 is a costimulatory molecule that regulates immune cell functions in T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Because macrophage-derived foam cell formation is a crucial factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, we aimed to evaluate the potential roles of CD226 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The effects of CD226 on atherosclerosis were investigated in CD226 and apolipoprotein E double-knockout (CD226−/− ApoE−/−) mice fed with a high-cholesterol atherogenic diet. CD226 expression in macrophages was evaluated using flow cytometry. Histopathological analysis was performed to evaluate the atherosclerotic lesions. Inflammatory cell infiltration was detected using immunofluorescence staining. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and peritoneal macrophages (PEMs) were isolated from the mice and used to explore the mechanism in vitro. The in vivo results indicated that CD226 knockdown protected against atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, evidenced by reduced plaque accumulation in the brachiocephalic artery, aortic roots, and main aortic tree. CD226 gene-deficient macrophages showed reduced foam cell formation under ox-low density lipoprotein stimulation compared with wild-type (WT) cells. CD226 deficiency also decreased the expression of CD36 and scavenger receptor (SR)-A (responsible for lipoprotein uptake) but increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (two transporters for cholesterol efflux). Therefore, loss of CD226 hinders foam cell formation and atherosclerosis progression, suggesting that CD226 is a promising new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.

Circulating Soluble ACE2 Plays an Independent Role to Protect against Vascular Damage in Diabetic Mice.

Circulating levels of soluble ACE2 are increased by diabetes. Although this increase is associated with the presence and severity of cardiovascular disease, the specific role of soluble ACE2 in atherogenesis is unclear. Previous studies suggested that, like circulating ACE, soluble ACE2 plays a limited role in vascular homeostasis. To challenge this hypothesis, we aimed to selectively increase circulating ACE2 and measure its effects on angiotensin II dependent atherogenesis. Firstly, in Ace2/ApoE DKO mice, restoration of circulating ACE2 with recombinant murine soluble (rmACE219-613; 1 mg/kg/alternate day IP) reduced plaque accumulation in the aortic arch, suggesting that the phenotype may be driven as much by loss of soluble ACE2 as the reduction in local ACE2. Secondly, in diabetic ApoE KO mice, where activation of the renin angiotensin system drives accelerated atherosclerosis, rmACE219-613 also reduced plaque accumulation in the aorta after 6 weeks. Thirdly, to ensure consistent long-term delivery of soluble ACE2, an intramuscular injection was used to deliver a DNA minicircle encoding ACE219-613. This strategy efficiently increased circulating soluble ACE2 and reduced atherogenesis and albuminuria in diabetic ApoE KO mice followed for 10 weeks. We propose that soluble ACE2 has independent vasculoprotective effects. Future strategies that increase soluble ACE2 may reduce accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes and other states in which the renin angiotensin system is upregulated.

Effect of grape seeds versus tooth brushing and dental flossing on plaque accumulation in high caries risk participants

Objective the purpose of this study was to assess the effect grape seeds mouthwash on plaque accumulation in high caries risk individuals. Materials and methods: 66 students were recruited in the study. All students were high caries risk patients. They were divided into three groups according to the protocol they followed for one year. Plaque scores were calculated for each patient at baseline and after one year to show the effect of each preventive protocol. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-Square teat to calculate significance between groups. Result: Chi-Square Test showed that there was no statistical significant difference in the plaque score between the three groups at baseline (p value&gt; 0.05). Regarding the plaque scores at 1-year, Chi-Square Test showed that there was no statistical significant difference between group 1, and group 2. There was a statistical significant difference between group 3 and both groups 1 and 2 at 1-year (p value= 0.000). Conclusion: Grape seeds extract mouthwash can improve the plaque score after 1 year. Natural grape seeds extract is an effective substitute to synthetic agents such as chlorhexidine and fluoride for reducing plaque accumulation.

Anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody attenuates high-fat diet and zymosan-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice by modulating TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway.

Objective(s):Excess intake of a high-fatty diet (HFD) together with zymosan administration mediates vasculitis response which leads to impaired serum lipid levels and causes arterial stiffness. In the development of new cholesterol-lowering medications, PCSK9 inhibitor (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is an emerging therapeutic. The goal of the present study was to see whether anti-PCSK9 mAb1 might prevent vasculitis in C57BL/6 mice by blocking TLR2/NF-B activation in HFD and Zymosan-induced vasculitis. Materials and Methods:Protein-protein molecular docking was performed to validate the binding affinity of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 against TLR2. Under the experimental study, mice were randomly allocated to the following groups: Group I: standard mice diet (30 days) + Zymosan vehicle (sterile PBS solution of 5mg/ml on 8th day); Group II: HFD (30 days) + Zymosan ( single IP dose 80 mg/kg on day 8th); Group III: HFD+Zymosan + anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (6 mg/kg, s.c. on 10th and 20th days); Group IV: HFD+Zymosan+anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (10 mg/kg, s.c. on 10th and 20th days).Results:In comparison with the low dose of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (6 mg/kg), the high dose of anti-PCSK9 mAb1 (10 mg/kg) together with HFD and Zymosan inhibited vasculitis more effectively by decreasing aortic TLR2 and NF-B levels, reducing serum TNF- and IL-6, and up-regulating liver LDLR levels, which down-regulated serum LDL-C and improved serum lipids levels. Histopathological studies showed that anti-PCSK9 mAb1 treatment reduced plaque accumulation in the aorta of mice.Conclusion:These findings indicate that anti-PCSK9 mAb1 has therapeutic potential in reducing HFD and Zymosan-induced vascular inflammation.

Effectiveness of the Lorodent Probiotic Lozenge in Reducing Plaque and Streptococcus mutans Levels in Orthodontic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial

Orthodontic patients are at a significant risk for oral diseases due to increased plaque accumulation and oral bacterial dysbiosis. We aimed to determine the efficacy of the commercially available Lorodent Probiotic Complex at reducing plaque accumulation and Streptococcus mutans bacterial levels in adolescent orthodontic patients. Sixty adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for a minimum of 6 months were recruited in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. They received either Lorodent probiotic lozenge (intervention, n = 30) or placebo lozenge (control, n = 30) orally every day for a 28-day administration period. Participants were assessed at four appointments (T1–T4) over a total of 56 days. Compliance and lozenge satisfaction were monitored. Saliva samples and supragingival plaques were collected for evaluation of S. mutans levels. Clinical assessment using a Plaque Index (PI) was used. Compliance with lozenge intake of all participants was over 90%. There was no significant change in the PI and composite PI scores in both placebo and probiotic groups at each time frame (all p > 0.05) or the relative S. mutans DNA levels in the saliva and plaque between the probiotic and placebo groups. The findings of high compliance and satisfaction with the probiotic lozenges combined with the study's rigorous design offer a baseline for subsequent testing of further potential probiotics (of varying formulations, concentrations), especially in adolescents.

Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alleviates the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Macrophages during Atherosclerosis via the miR-1a-3p/sFRP1/Wnt/PCP-JNK Pathway.

Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has shown great effects in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In a murine model, it significantly reduced plaque accumulation, lowered plasma lipid levels, and decreased inflammation levels, which was also observed in vitro. Using microRNA sequencing, we identified differentially expressed microRNAs, among which miR-1a-3p was selected for further validation. Overexpression of miR-1a-3p in RAW264.7 cells worsened lipid accumulation, increased oxidative stress, and exacerbated inflammatory responses whereas its downregulation produced the opposite results. Potential targets of miR-1a-3p were analyzed by prediction tools. Then, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1), an antagonist of the Wnt pathway, was confirmed as the target gene of miR-1a-3p by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Further research showed that in macrophages, EPA influenced the activation of the Wnt/planar cell polarity-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Wnt/PCP-JNK) axis, which is consistent with the phenomenon that miR-1a-3p has an impact on this same axis. Collectively, our findings suggest that EPA mitigates inflammatory responses and oxidative responses both in vivo and in vitro by targeting the miR-1a-3p/sFRP1/Wnt/PCP-JNK axis in macrophages, which may explain the cardioprotective role of EPA and promote the application of EPA in clinical practice.

An in-vitro study of plaque sedimentation and wear between self-ligating and conventional brackets

Objectives: Different systems were studied aiming a reduction of the friction particularly in vitro. A significant inferior effort was performed study the strict interaction between bracket type and hygiene protocols in order to reduce plaque accumulation and appliance wear for the entire duration of an orthodontic treatment. This qualitative study aims to evaluate the variation … Continued

The Primary Failure of Eruption in orthodontics: knowledge to prevent overtreatment

OBJECTIVES: Different systems were studied aiming a reduction of the friction particularly in vitro. A significant inferior effort was performed study the strict interaction between bracket type and hygiene protocols in order to reduce plaque accumulation and appliance wear for the entire duration of an orthodontic treatment. This qualitative study aims to evaluate the variation … Continued

Antiplaque Efficacy of a Novel Moringa oleifera Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Study.

The use of herbal dentifrices has grown exponentially over the years. They are categorically referred to as ethnomedicines. Various agents have been tried with contradicting findings based on phytopharmacological analysis. Miswak is one agent which has been used over the years. A novel Moringa oleifera-based dentifrice has shown promising results in terms of its cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the efficacy of two commercially available miswak- and moringa-based herbal dentifrices on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis scores. This randomized clinical crossover study included 20 subjects with mild to moderate gingivitis. The study was conducted over a total examination period of 20 days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks between the use of both the toothpastes. The plaque index and gingival index of the study subjects were recorded at the designated time intervals throughout the study period. The data collected were entered on Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis using SPSS software (SPSS version 28, IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, United States) was done. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Moreover, p ≤0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that the reduction in mean gingival index scores from baseline to day 3 was more statistically significant in the moringa-based dentifrice. Similarly, the plaque index scores showed statistically significant reduction following the use of the moringa-based dentifrice when compared with the miswak dentifrice. This study reveals that the moringa dentifrice is a safe and effective agent in reducing plaque accumulation and treating gingival inflammation. The current study aims to provide an insight into the possible role of moringa dentifrice as a possible adjunctive oral hygiene aid.

Effectiveness of Standard Oral Care Plan During Hospital Stay in Individuals With Brain Injury.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an existing standard oral care program (SOCP) and factors associated with it during hospitalization in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).Material and Methods: A total of 61 individuals underwent a SOCP for 4 weeks in a longitudinal observational study. Rapidly noticeable changes in oral health were evaluated by performing plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing (BOP) and bedside oral examination (BOE) at weeks 1 and 5. Individuals' brushing habits, eating difficulties, and the onset of pneumonia were retrieved from their medical records. Association between oral-health outcomes to systemic variables were investigated through multilevel regression models.Results: Dental plaque (P = 0.01) and total BOE score (P < 0.05) decreased over time but not the proportion of dental calculus (P = 0.30), BOP (P = 0.06), and tooth brushing frequency (P = 0.06). Reduction in plaque and BOE over time were negatively associated with higher periodontitis scores at baseline (coef. −6.8; −1.0), respectively, which in turn were associated with an increased proportion of BOP (coef. ≈ 15.0). An increased proportion of calculus was associated with eating difficulties (coef. 2.3) and the onset of pneumonia (coef. 6.2).Conclusions: Nursing care has been fundamental in improving oral health, especially reducing dental plaque and BOE scores. However, our findings indicate a need for improving the existing SOCP through academic-clinical partnerships.Clinical Relevance: Early introduction of oral care program to brain-injured individuals is beneficial in reducing plaque accumulation and improving oral health.

EFFECT OF RINSED WITH Psidium guajava LINN LEAVES DECOCTION ON PLAQUE INDEX AND SALIVARY pH ON STUDENTS OF SMPN 29 PALEMBANG

Background: Dental plaque is a structurally and functionally organized biofilm. Caries is a disease that caused by acids from bacterial metabolism. Psidium guajava Linn leaves decoction contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin that can reduce plaque accumulation and phosphate that can neutralize salivary pH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rinsed with Psidium guajava Linn leaves decoction on plaque index and salivary pH. Method: This experimental research was done with pretest and posttest control group design involving 102 students of SMPN 29 Palembang. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, group I (Psidium guajava Linn leaves decoction), group II (chlorhexidine 0,06%), group III (distilled water). Subjects were instructed to rinse with 10 ml of mouthrinse twice a day for 7 days. At baseline and 7 days plaque was assessed using Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modification of Quigley Hein index. Saliva was collected with spitting method and salivary pH was measured with digital pH at baseline and 7 days. Data was analyzed with paired t-test, one way ANOVA, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis. Result: There was a significant decrease in plaque index and a significant increase in salivary pH on group I (p

The effect of Miswak varnish on streptococcus Mutans count and gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients

Objective: Primary objective: To evaluate the effect of Miswak extract varnish on streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) counts in saliva and plaque, gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) in orthodontic patients. Secondary objective: to suggest an appropriate frequency Miswak varnishes application to produce maximum efficiency. Material and methods: Enrolled patients (n=75) were randomly and equally divided into 3groups. Chlorhexidine varnish group, Miswak varnish group and control group. S.mutans counts in plaque and saliva, GBI and PI were evaluated at different time points; T0: before brackets bonding, T1: two weeks after brackets bonding, T2: one months after brackets bonding and T3: three months after brackets bonding. Results: Both chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes reduced plaque S.mutans counts significantly at T2 compared to the controls, with no significant difference between Chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes at this timepoint. After 3 months, chlorhexidine varnish group had the lowest S.mutans plaque counts followed by Miswak varnish group, while the control group had the highest counts. GBI was reduced significantly in both chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes groups, when compared to the control group at both one month and 3 months timepoints with no statistically significant differences between chlorhexidine and Miswak neither at one month nor at 3 months. PI showed no statistically significant differences between the 3 study groups at different timepoints. Conclusions: Miswak varnish can be an acceptable natural substitute to chlorhexidine varnish as an anticariogenic agent if applied at monthly basis. Mechanical brushing is mandatory to reduce plaque accumulation and maintain proper gingival health.

Effectiveness of a Selective Etching Technique in Reducing White Spots Formation around Lingual Brackets: A Prospective Cohort Clinical Study

The risk of developing white spot lesions (WSLs) after orthodontic treatment with lingual brackets is generally considered lower than with labial ones, even if plaque accumulation is frequently higher due to the increased difficulty level in oral hygiene maintenance. In this prospective clinical study, selective enamel etching technique effectiveness in reducing plaque accumulation and WSLs was tested. Thirty patients were bonded with a split-mouth approach: two randomly selected opposite quadrants were used as the test sides, using customized plastic etching guides, and the other two as control sides, applying traditional direct etching methods. The plaque presence around the braces was recorded after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months according to a lingual plaque accumulation index (LPAI), as was the presence of WSLs. PAI measured values were significantly higher in the control sides during the observation period. Test and control sides differed significantly for new WSL onset only after 12 months of treatment. Therefore, the present research demonstrated that this guided enamel etching technique allowed for significant reduction in plaque accumulation around the lingual brackets and reduced onset of white spots after one year of treatment.

Mild magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia promotes the disaggregation and microglia-mediated clearance of beta-amyloid plaques

The formation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is a classical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is associated with the promotion of neuroinflammation and subsequent neurotoxicity. Given the limited therapeutic options for targeting and clearing Aβ plaques in AD, there is an urgent need to develop effective approaches to reduce plaque accumulation. The objective of this study was to validate mild magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia technology as a strategy to clear Aβ deposits and determine the impact on microglia functionality. Our results demonstrated that the heating of MNPs localized to Aβ aggregates upon exposure to high frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) was sufficient to disrupt Aβ plaques, resulting in its fragmentation. Importantly, this could facilitate the phagocytic clearance of Aβ as well as attenuate pro-inflammatory responses by human microglial cells. Our results support the feasibility of mild MNP/AMF hyperthermia as a new strategy for reducing beta-amyloid burdens in Alzheimer's disease.

Evaluation and comparison two types of prefabricated zirconia crowns in mixed and primary dentition: A randomized clinical trial

IntroductionPrefabricated zirconia crowns are available to treat anterior and posterior primary teeth, which possess high resistance, long durability, and short working time. They are also esthetic and available in various sizes for all primary teeth. However, their high costs can present a clear disadvantage in many communities around the world. Materials and methodsThis random clinical trial study sample included 63 crowns (31 CCZC, 32 NZC) applied to 44 children aged five to nine years with zirconia crowns placed on anterior or posterior primary teeth. Group (1): Locally manufactured crowns were created with different measurements by using CAD/CAM (CCZC) and Group (2): NuSmile® zirconia crowns (NZC). Glass ionomer cement was used to cement all crowns. The children were followed-up at one, three, and six months, using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI–S), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and crown margin extension. Statistical analyses used: Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon test. ResultsThis study showed that CCZC did not cause gingival changes after crown application in clinical tissue appearance, bleeding, and gingival recession. Reduced plaque accumulation was observed during follow-up periods. Finally, there was no statistically significant difference between CCZC and NZC, according to this study. ConclusionsCCZCs are a convenient and economical option to achieve esthetic, healthy, and functional aspects during restoring primary teeth.