Reduce Completion Time Research Articles

An Integrated Approach to Constraints Theory and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) in Construction Projects (Case Study)

The research endeavors to harness the benefits stemming from the integration of constraint theory into construction project management, with the primary goal of mitigating project completion delays. Additionally, it employs fuzzy analysis to determine the relative significance of fundamental constraints within projects by assigning them appropriate weights. The research problem primarily revolves around two key issues. Firstly, the persistent utilization of outdated methodologies and a heavy reliance on workforce experience without embracing modern computerized technologies. Secondly, the recurring problem of project delivery delays. Construction projects typically encompass five fundamental constraint types: cost restrictions, time constraints, administrative and legal limitations, technical and design constraints, and environmental constraints. To address these issues, a field study was conducted, focusing on the development of a housing complex in Qa'imaqamiya, Al-Mada'in district, Bismayah. The researchers propose a three-stage methodology to tackle these challenges. In the initial stage, the theory of accelerated activities is applied to all concurrent implementable tasks. Subsequently, the second stage introduces a hierarchical analysis process, known as FAHP, to quantify the importance of each constraint. Finally, in the third phase, fuzzy logic is employed to calculate the projected duration and associated costs for each activity, ensuring project execution and delivery within agreed-upon timeframes. After applying the proposed methodology, there is a reduction in completion time by up to (23%). Research Type: Research Paper

Effects of aquatic and dry land physiotherapy on the functional capacity in individuals with and without parkinson's disease: a protocol study followed by a randomized clinical trial

Background Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), particularly those with the rigid-akinetic with postural instability (RA) subtype, often experience motor symptoms that impair functionality and postural control. Physiotherapy interventions, including both dry land and aquatic therapies, can help manage PD treatment. This study aimed to develop and assess the effects of two exercise protocols emphasizing the extensor musculature of the vertebral column (dry land and shallow water) on functional capacity in individuals with and without RA-type PD. Methods The study utilized a protocol study followed by a randomized clinical trial, with the registry number NCT04863118, involving ten RA-type PD (intervention group) and ten individuals without PD (reference group). Participants underwent exercise protocols of varying intensity levels, and their pre and post-intervention functional capacity were evaluated using standardized tests. The applicability and safety of these protocols were assessed through a self-perception questionnaire. Results Significant improvements were observed in functional capacity parameters following both dry land and aquatic physiotherapy interventions among PD individuals, including increased repetitions in the Sit-to-Stand test and reduced completion time in the Timed Up and Go test. Similar positive outcomes were observed in individuals without PD, indicating the efficacy of these interventions irrespective of PD status. Conclusion A single session of physiotherapy, whether on dry land or in shallow water, focusing on the extensor musculature of the vertebral column, enhances functional capacity in PD and non-PD individuals alike. Furthermore, the protocols demonstrated safety, comfort, and acceptability, promoting treatment adherence and future recommendations. These findings support the implementation of these protocols in clinical practice, aiding therapists in enhancing rehabilitation outcomes while ensuring individual safety. Registration Name of registry: Acute Effects of Strength Training and High Intensity Training on Functional and Biochemical Measurements of Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease in Different Environments and Depths Registry number: NCT04863118 Registration date:, 09/02/2024 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04863118.

Multi-objective scheduling for an energy-efficient flexible job shop problem with peak power constraint

Controlling electricity costs, which are closely related to the peak power reached, while simultaneously reducing completion time and energy consumption, is crucial for achieving sustainability in the manufacturing industry. However, most existing research on energy-efficient flexible job shop scheduling problems primarily focuses on optimizing completion time and energy consumption, often neglecting the critical aspect of controlling electricity costs. With decreasing resources and increasing energy prices, it is necessary to control electricity costs by limiting the peak power reached during production. To address this gap, this paper investigates an energy-efficient flexible job shop scheduling problem with peak power constraint considering setup and transportation time (EEFJSSP-PPST). We establish a mathematical model for EEFJSSP-PPST and propose an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (INSGA-II) incorporating several key improvements. We first introduce three scheduling rules in decoding to optimize objectives and employ heuristic rules to generate a high-quality initial population. Then, we propose an innovative cluster crossover method to accelerate convergence and design an adaptive-based local optimization strategy to further enhance performance. Finally, our experiments explore the impacts of different degrees of the peak power constraint on objectives and evaluate the effectiveness of the three scheduling rules. Additionally, the performance of INSGA-II is tested using 135 benchmark instances. The results indicate that INSGA-II outperformed its variations without improvements, achieving the best hypervolume (HV) indicator in 80% of the instances and the best inverted generational distance (IGD) indicator in 68.89% of the instances. Compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, INSGA-II achieves the best HV and IGD indicators in 82.2% and 81.5% of the instances, respectively, and demonstrates better convergence and a superior Pareto front. Therefore, we conclude that the improvements in INSGA-II are effective and enhance the algorithm’s performance, making it outstanding in solving EEFJSSP-PPST.

Enhancing User Experience in VR Environments through AI-Driven Adaptive UI Design

This paper presents a new approach to improving user experience in virtual reality (VR) environments using AI-driven user interface (UI) design. The proposed system uses advanced machine learning techniques to update UI content based on user interaction and real-time context. A comprehensive literature review examines the current state of VR interfaces, AI applications in UI/UX design, and evolving UI technologies. Data is a multi-layered process combining data collection, processing, and editing over time. The design was developed and evaluated through a rigorous study involving 50 participants, comparing a modified UI against a static UI control. The results showed a significant improvement in performance, experience reduction, and overall user satisfaction. The modified UI group showed an 18.6% reduction in completion time, a 47.8% reduction in errors, and a 34.9% increase in user satisfaction scores compared to the static UI group. Physiological data analysis supports these findings, showing reduced stress and increased engagement. This research contributes to the field of VR interface design by providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of AI-driven adaptive UIs in improving user experience and field performance. Virtual.

Learning curves of novice residents on cataract surgery simulator: the E3CAPS pedagogic study

IntroductionTraining novice ophthalmology residents on the EyeSi® simulator increases cataract surgery safety. However, there is no consensus regarding how much training residents should perform before their first time on patients. We evaluated the French national training program through the analysis of the learning curves of novice residents.MethodsThis prospective multicentric pedagogic study was conducted with French novice residents. Each resident completed the recommended four two-hour training sessions and performed a standardized assessment simulating standard cataract surgery before the first session (A0), at the end of the first (A1), second (A2), third (A3) and fourth (A4) sessions. For each surgical step of each attempt, the following data were collected: score, odometer, completion time, posterior capsular rupture and cumulative energy delivered (ultrasounds) during phacoemulsification. A performance threshold was set at a score of 80/100 for each surgical step, 400/500 for the overall procedure. Only descriptive statistics were employed.ResultsSixteen newly nominated ophthalmology residents were included. Median score progressively increased from 95 [IQR 53; 147]) at A0 to 425 [IQR 411; 451] at A4. Despite a significant progression, the “emulsification” step had the lowest A4 scores 86 [IQR 60; 94] without reduction in completion time, odometer or ultrasounds delivered. The rate of posterior capsular rupture decreased linearly from 75% at A0 to 13% at A4 during “emulsification” and from 69 to 0% during “irrigation and aspiration”. At A4, only 25% [8; 53] of residents had > 80 at each step and only 75% [47; 92] had > 400/500 overall.ConclusionA training program consisting of four two-hour sessions on the EyeSi simulator over four consecutive days effectively enhances the surgical skills of novice ophthalmology residents. Undergoing more training sessions may improve scores and decrease the incidence of surgical complications, particularly at the emulsification step of cataract surgery. The learning curves presented here can reassure residents who are progressing normally and help identify those who need a further personalized training program. Trial registrationClinicalTrials registration number: NCT05722080 (first submitted 22/12/2022, first posted 10/02/2023).

WP8.13 - Validating Remote Basic Surgical Skills Certification: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract Aims Simulation based training comprises a fundamental component of modern surgical education, necessitating the development and advancement of affordable, functional, and validated simulators. This study explored the effectiveness of using the Inovus Basic Surgical Skills (BSS) simulator in improving core surgical skills amongst junior trainees. Methods This was a multicentre, RCT between August 2022 – November 2022 involving junior trainees yet to complete a validated basic surgical skills course. All participants completed an initial series of basic surgical tasks, including a range of suturing and knot-tying techniques. Three parameters (objective scoring tool, time taken for task completion, self-assessment questionnaire) were used to evaluate each surgical skill. Subsequently, participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (BSS simulator) for at home training, or the control group receiving no further training. Results 5 domains were assessed for suturing tasks through respect for tissue, motion and efficiency, visuo-spatial, suture quality and time taken. Knot-tying was assessed by quality and time taken. Independent samples t-test revealed no significant difference between control and intervention groups (p>0.05) despite improvement in task quality and reduced completion time. Self-assessment questionnaires revealed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in confidence performing more complex tasks in intervention groups. Conclusions Study results demonstrate an improvement in both the quality of basic surgical skills and reduced completion time with use of the BSS simulator. Participants report increased confidence post-intervention following use of the BSS simulator. Despite the limitation of a small sample size, these findings underpin the potential benefits of BSS simulator use for surgical education amongst trainees, increasing accessibility to surgical training through an exceptionally realistic remote training environment.

Container Scheduling Algorithms for Distributed Cloud Environments

Due to the difficulty of existing container scheduling algorithms to adapt to large-scale complex scenarios and meet the diverse application and load requirements, this study delves into a groundbreaking hybrid scheduling approach that melds Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed method initially employs a container grouping policy to reduce the overhead associated with frequent inter-container calls. Subsequently, to address the computational inefficiency of large-scale scheduling, a genetic algorithm is utilized for rapid global optimization. To overcome the problem of genetic algorithms being highly susceptible to falling into local optimality, the DDPG algorithm is applied for local optimization, with a cross-mutation operation introduced to escape local optima. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed algorithm enhances cluster load balancing by 81.13%, improves the fitness function by 3.26%, reduces completion time by 19.06%, and decreases container dependency overhead by 2.75%. Furthermore, under the experimental conditions, the system performs best when the group size is 10. This research offers a novel paradigm for the development of container scheduling algorithms in distributed intelligent data clouds, advancing the field of resource management in cloud computing environments.

Combining Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride With Targeted Muscle Activation Training to Treat Upper Extremity Stroke: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo examine a treatment for upper extremity impairment in stroke survivors that combines administration of cyproheptadine hydrochloride with repetitive practice focused on control of muscle activation patterns. DesignDouble-blind, randomized controlled trial. SettingsLaboratory within a free-standing rehabilitation hospital. ParticipantsA total of 94 stroke survivors with severe, chronic hand impairment were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. InterventionsParticipants received either a placebo or cyproheptadine hydrochloride in identical pill form. The daily dosage of cyproheptadine/placebo was gradually increased from 8 to 24 mg/d over 3 weeks and then maintained over the next 6 weeks while participants completed 18 therapy sessions. Therapy consisted of either (1) active practice of muscle activation patterns to play “serious” computer games or control a custom hand exoskeleton or (2) passive, cyclical finger stretching imposed by the exoskeleton. Main Outcome MeasuresHand control was evaluated with the primary outcome measure of time to complete the Graded Wolf Motor Function Test (GWMFT) and secondary outcome measures including finger strength and spasticity. ResultsAcross the 88 participants who completed the study, a repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of GroupxEvaluation interaction on GWMFT (F=1.996, P=.026). The 3 groups receiving cyproheptadine and/or actively practicing muscle activation pattern control exhibited significant reduction in mean time to complete the GWMFT tasks; roughly one-third of these participants experienced at least a 10% reduction in completion time. Gains were maintained at the 1-month follow-up evaluation. The group receiving placebo and passive stretching did not show improvement. No significant differences among groups were observed in terms of changes in strength or spasticity. ConclusionsDespite chronic, severe impairment, stroke survivors were able to complete the therapy focused on muscle activations and achieved statistically significant improvement in hand motor control. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride is a potential complementary treatment modality for stroke survivors with hand impairment.

OPTIMIZATION SCHEDULING PROJECT REHABILITATION BUILDING AND HALL DEKRANASDA AND KALIMANTAN BARAT MUSEUM FENCE USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)

This study investigates the optimization of project scheduling using the Critical Path Method (CPM) in construction projects. Focusing on the Building Rehabilitation Project, Dekranasda Hall, and Kalimantan Barat Museum Fence, the research aims to reduce project duration without altering costs. CPM is employed to map out activities in a network, identifying the critical path to enhance time management. The initial project duration was 249 days. By breaking down work items and increasing the number of workers in critical activities, the duration was reduced to 125 days. Optimization involved dividing tasks into manageable segments and determining the appropriate workforce through trial and error. The study demonstrates that effective project scheduling and resource allocation can significantly reduce completion time, highlighting CPM's value in project management for achieving efficiency and meeting deadlines. The findings emphasize the importance of detailed planning, dependency logic, and continuous monitoring to optimize construction project timelines.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) Training on Performance among Senior and Junior Female Kho-Kho Players in Mumbai Region

Abstract: This study examines the impact of an eight-week Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training program on senior and junior female Kho-Kho players in Mumbai. Sixty players were evenly divided into experimental and control groups. Results show significant improvements in SAQ-trained players’ performance, including enhanced speed, agility, and quickness observed through reduced completion times in Kho-Kho drills. ANOVA analysis indicates statistically significant differences in performance between experimental and control groups across various parameters. SAQ-trained groups consistently outperformed controls in sprint times, agility test scores, and reaction times. For instance, seniors in the experimental group improved from a pre-training mean sprint time of 12.5 sec to 10.8 sec post-training, while juniors improved from 13.2 sec to 11.2 sec. In contrast, control group means remained relatively unchanged. Similarly, experimental groups exhibited substantial enhancement in agility test scores and reaction times compared to controls. Seniors’ agility scores increased from a pre-training mean of 18 points to 24 points post-training, and juniors’ scores improved from 16 points to 22 points. Reaction times for both senior and junior experimental groups decreased notably post-training, whereas control groups showed minimal change. These findings emphasize the significance of integrating SAQ training into the routine of female Kho-Kho players, regardless of their age or skill level. Such training interventions hold promise for augmenting players’ physical capabilities and overall performance, thereby bolstering their competitiveness in Kho-Kho tournaments.

Evaluation of thermal storage system during freezing and loading nano-powders

In pursuit of advancing the efficiency of cold energy storage, a uniquely designed curved container has been employed, filled with a water-nanoparticle mixtureQ. The container is equipped with fins, strategically leveraging the enhanced conduction facilitated by the presence of nanoparticles. The simulation of the intricate unsteady phenomena in this study has been conducted using the finite element technique, providing a robust analytical framework. The incorporation of an adaptive grid ensures a refined resolution, particularly in the vicinity of the ice front region. The nanoparticle fraction (ϕ) emerges as a pivotal factor directly influencing the rate of solidifying. The dispersion of nano-powders leads to a noteworthy reduction in completion time, demonstrating a substantial 33.21% improvement. The diameter of the nano-powders (dp) introduces diverse effects on the solidification process, primarily due to its significant influence on the conductivity of the nanomaterial. An in-depth exploration of the impact of dp reveals compelling insights. As the dp increases from its smallest size to 40 nm, there is a commendable 15.12% reduction in the required freezing time. However, a subsequent increment in dp beyond this threshold results in a notable 36.56% increase in the freezing time. The findings presented here not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of freezing processes but also hold practical implications for the design and optimization of cold storage systems.

Stakeholders' Perception on the Current Practices of Industrial Building System (IBS) Construction Technology

The Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been adopted in the Malaysian construction sector to replace the conventional building approach. Despite the government's attempts to encourage IBS adoption, the use of IBS in Malaysian building projects remains low. This study aims to gather stakeholders' views on drivers, barriers, and strategies to improve IBS implementation in Malaysia. About 52 questionnaires were received from IBS stakeholders in Johor such as consulting firms, contractors and IBS manufacturers. Average Index Analysis was used to analyse the questionnaire data on the main factors: current drivers, factors when considering IBS construction, current barriers and strategies to increase IBS construction. From the questionnaire survey, among the main drivers of IBS construction in Malaysia are technology advancement, reduce completion time and improve quality and productivity. Stakeholders also perceived that supervision on continuous and regular improvements and IBS implementation needs planning for productive process among the main factors when considering IBS construction. Meanwhile, the main barriers for IBS construction perceived are high initial cost investment in projects related to IBS construction, lack of skilled workers and unable to adapt instant changes to design modification in IBS construction. Several main strategies were noted to enhance the IBS implementation such as improving the balance between supply and market demand, innovation in creating eco-friendly sustainable construction and factory production optimization for IBS items. The outcomes of the study could assist relevant parties to understand the current drivers and barriers of IBS construction, and further help them to enhance the IBS implementation in Malaysia.

An efficient computation offloading in edge environment using genetic algorithm with directed search techniques for IoT applications

The contemporary computations in the IoT environment are often outsourced to remote infrastructures due to inherent computation-intensive nature of tasks or to circumvent the high expenditures associated with establishing local infrastructures. Traditional approaches, be it cloud-based or localized, are deemed impractical for computation offloading in this scenario due to the trade-off between benefits and increased latency which is unacceptable for many real-time IoT applications. Computation offloading at the edge environment is a promising solution in leveraging the untapped resources at Edge. Offloading application execution to edge servers offers the potential to reduce completion time and fulfill application requirements. However, the simultaneous offloading of multiple entire applications to edge servers may strain their hardware and communication channels and also poses significant challenge for ensuring Quality of Service. To overcome this, a multi-site workflow offloading problem is conceptualized wherein tasks are strategically distributed across various edge sites for efficient execution. The problem is combinatorial and an optimal solution is never guaranteed through deterministic procedures. Thus this work proposes a novel metaheuristic approach based on modified Genetic Algorithm with Directed Search (GADS) operators that aim at optimizing the overall Execution Time (ET) and Energy Consumed (EC). The efficiency of GADS is demonstrated against alternatives, and a relative comparison is carried out in terms of the quality of the solution and the pace of convergence to the solution and approximately a minimum of 1% and maximum 15% gain is achieved.

Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes

Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions. Oxygenation and blood distribution during the cognitive challenge were measured using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Measurements were taken in both the prefrontal brain and the sub-navel region, where the highest glucose uptake was detected under the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A significant reduction in completion time for the Stroop test was observed after defecation compared to the non-defecated condition (non-defecation: [27.1 ​± ​1.1] s; non-magnesium defecation: [24.4 ​± ​0.9] s; magnesium defecation: [23.4 ​± ​0.8] s, p ​< ​0.05). Stroop test performance was improved in all (100%, 13/13) of the participants after magnesium-induced defecation and most (69%, 9/13) of the participants after non-magnesium-induced defecation. While no alterations in oxygenation and blood distribution were observed in the prefrontal brain during the Stroop test, decreased oxygenation levels were observed in the sub-navel region under both defecated conditions, without significant changes in blood distribution (p ​< ​0.05). This data suggests an acute increase in oxygen consumption at this specific region. The result of this study suggests an unexplored causal link between the state of the rectum and cognitive performance. Magnesium supplementation to improved rectal emptying presents a novel application for optimizing cognitive function in athletes navigating intricate racing conditions.

Development of numerical code for mathematical simulating of unsteady solidification phenomena in existence of nanomaterial

This research zeroes in on improving the freezing process by synergistically employing a wavy wall and fins. To enhance cold penetration, the phase change material (PCM) is enriched with nanoparticles, and a single-phase model is adopted due to the low nanoparticle concentration. The numerical simulations leverage the Galerkin method and the validation procedure affirms the precision of the code, extensively evaluating the impacts of φ (concentration of additives) and dp (particle diameter). With an increase in particle diameter (dp), there is an initial 19.76% decrease in the required time, succeeded by a subsequent 50.56% increase when φ = 0.04. Furthermore, an escalation in φ results in an 11.04%, 40.91%, and 26.36% reduction in completion time for dp values of 50, 40, and 30 nm, respectively. Without the inclusion of powders, the solidification process lasts for 84.8 s. However, with the introduction of the optimal powder size, this duration significantly reduces to 50.1 s. This emphasizes the efficiency improvements attained through the strategic integration of a wavy wall, fins, and PCM infused with nanoparticles.

Simulation of Scheduling Production System by Using Integrating Simulation Models with Artificial Neural Network Model

Traditional methods of dealing with finding the relationship between the inputs data of simulation models and the outputs data fail or takes a long time to find this relationship. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the ability to learn complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Their use can greatly enhance simulation models and allow for more accurate representations of real life scenarios.This paper is concerned with the application of the mechanism of integrating simulation models with artificial neural network (ANN) model. This mechanism was tested by integrating simulation models of re-tubing heat exchangers line (RTHEL) with ANN model to schedule entering exchangers to inside retubing workshop. The result of applying this mechanism of integration in system (RTHEL) was in reducing completion time of re-tubing batches of heat exchangers by about (12.5%).

Pedal Quadrant-Specific Strength and Conditioning Considerations for Endurance Cyclists

ABSTRACT The performance-enhancing effects of strength training on cycling are well documented with findings from research, demonstrating resistance training with heavy loads conducted 2–3 times per week for at least 8 weeks can improve power output (maximal and submaximal), extend time to exhaustion, and reduce completion time for set distances, while not adding to the total body mass. Despite the evident benefits of strength training, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the most effective exercises to enhance endurance cycling. This uncertainty is evident when considering movement-specific exercises to enhance dynamic transfer to cycling. A range of lower-limb exercises involving hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension seems to enhance cycling performance more so than static or single-joint exercises. These improvements may be attributed to enhanced coordination and improved pedaling technique. This study presents 5 strength training exercises designed to target cycling pedaling quadrants and replicate the unilateral opposing nature of cycling (simultaneous flexion and extension of the legs) to enhance transfer from weight room-based strength training to the bike. These exercises are presented in example programs alongside established “traditional” exercises that may be used to guide the development of strength training for cyclists.

Usability Evaluation and Enhancement of the AI-Powered Smart-Campus Framework: A User-Centred Approach

This study employs a user-centred approach to improving the user experience and maximizing the system functionality of an AI-powered smart-campus framework. The study aims to conduct the usability evaluation of the framework and identify areas for improvement. The focus areas include AI-powered features, user interactions, and design concepts. The study used Likert scale evaluations to measure user satisfaction and perceived usability. The identification and application of improvement measures resulted in positive outcomes. The feedback integration technique involves collecting and analyzing user feedback to identify areas for improvement. This feedback is then used to make iterative improvements to the framework. The study found that the feedback integration technique increased user happiness through iterative improvements. The redesign valve interface strategy involves redesigning the valve interface to make it more user-friendly. The study found that the redesign valve interface strategy raised perceived usability. Workflow optimization involves streamlining the workflow to make it more efficient. The study found that workflow optimization reduced completion times. The study used the UMM to evaluate the planning, design, implementation, and feedback aspects of the AI-powered smart-campus framework. The study found that the framework had advanced design maturity, indicating good integration of user personas and workflows. The framework also showed intermediate maturity in planning, with consistency in implementation but space for improvement. The study also highlighted the theoretical connections between UMM dimensions and quantitative metrics. This alignment between qualitative principles and quantitative measures is important for demonstrating the value of user-centred design.

Controlling the rate of discharging by loading nanoparticles incorporating numerical method in presence of water within the storage enclosure

In this groundbreaking study, an adaptive grid approach was harnessed to simulate the unsteady phenomena of freezing within a complex enclosure, employing an implicit approach. The equations were streamlined by disregarding velocity impact, and two critical equations were addressed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Within the enclosure, innovative tree-shaped fins were integrated, and the introduction of loaded nano-powders marked a pivotal advancement in accelerating the rate of freezing. Extensive validation of our numerical procedure was conducted, and we systematically examined the influences of “m” and ϕ across various cases. The implementation of a single-phase approximation was pivotal in deriving crucial features. With the dispersion of nanomaterials, we observed a remarkable increase in the penetration of cold regions, resulting in a substantial 26.86 % reduction in completion time. Additionally, the utilization of blade-shaped nano-powders led to a notable 6.98 % decrease in completion time. It is noteworthy that the influence of each variable becomes more pronounced in the presence of higher values of the other parameter. This pioneering approach significantly advances our understanding of solidification processes within complex enclosures utilizing nanoparticles.

Modeling of solidification via Galerkin method within storage unit utilizing nano-powders incorporating unsteady source term

The employed numerical method, which incorporates nanomaterial and fins, represents a noteworthy advancement in simulating enhanced freezing processes. This technique leverages an adaptive grid approach, providing a sophisticated framework for estimating the characteristics of the nanomaterial. A key innovation lies in considering the final material as a homogeneous mixture. Notably, the exclusion of gravity's influence on the freezing process, leading to the omission of velocity terms, adds to the precision of the model. This approach holds substantial promise for a range of applications requiring controlled and efficient freezing. The study's significance lies in its potential to revolutionize freezing technologies, offering improved outcomes across various industrial contexts. The analysis's physical outputs, demonstrating notable reductions in completion time, further underscore the method's efficacy in enhancing freezing processes. The Finite Element Method (FEM) has been employed to obtain a comprehensive solution, allowing for an assessment of the effect of the shape factor “m” and nanoparticle concentration (ϕ) on the freezing process. Notably, the introduction of nanoparticles leads to a significant acceleration of the process, resulting in a remarkable 26.77 % reduction in completion time. This finding underscores the crucial role that nanoparticle dispersion plays in enhancing the efficiency of the solidification process. This insight holds substantial promise for applications where controlled and rapid freezing is paramount. The choice of particles with higher “m” values leads to an enhancement in the conduction mode. Consequently, this results in a nearly 7 % reduction in completion time, demonstrating the efficiency of this selection. The fastest process achieves solidification in a mere 538.98 s, while in the absence of nanomaterial, the process with water alone takes significantly longer at 975.69 s. This showcases the substantial improvement that can be achieved with the incorporation of nanoparticles. This information is vital for industries where rapid, controlled solidification is critical.