The subject of the study is gender professional segregation by type of economic activity. The purpose of the paper is to attempt to assess the contribution of gender segregation of employees by type of economic activity to the formation of differences in the level of general unemployment of women and men. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the quality and efficiency of women’s professional employment. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of new factors in the formation of differences in the level of general unemployment of women and men. The research methods are logical analysis, mathematical statistics, and mathematical modeling. The level of gender segregation by type of economic activity was determined using the Duncan index. The main calculations were made based on data from 2017–2019. The following research results were obtained: a large-scale reduction in gender segregation by type of economic activity in order to reduce the gap between the wage levels of women and men, carried out only as a redistribution of women to male professions and activities, without organizing a counter redistribution of male labor forces, may create a threat of increasing the level of general unemployment among women and increasing personnel shortages in highly feminized public sectors. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop alternative ways to reduce the gap between the wage levels of women and men in the economy, for example, increasing the prestige and wages in highly feminized public sectors such as education, healthcare, and science.