Redevelopment Projects Research Articles

Effect of Redevelopment Project District Characteristics on Neighboring Housing Prices

This study analyzed the impact of nearby redevelopment project characteristics on the apartment and single/multi-family house prices in all areas of Seoul. The impact of the distance to the redevelopment project area, the number of supply households, and the number of project areas were analyzed using the housing sale transaction price from 2006 to 2020, and all housing types show the same direction. Findings reveal that the closer the supply of households, the higher the transaction price. Moreover the number of project areas has a positive effect after a certain distance. This indicates a positive effect on factors such as price synchronization when new houses are supplied from nearby project areas, expectations as project candidates, and shares in the benefits of improving the residential environment. Redevelopment projects are likely to be used as large-scale housing supply assurance measures in the future. When designing an area, one must consider planning and progress by region so that the size, number of union members, and maintenance infrastructure ratio do not significantly impact the housing market. This study obtained general results for all regions in Seoul, yielding important policy implications and providing useful basic data to investors, public policymakers, and practitioners.

도시정비사업 활성화를 위한 사전타당성검토 개선방안 연구

Busan Metropolitan City introduced a pre-feasibility review system that utilizes the residential maintenance index without designating a newly planned area through the 「2030 Busan Metropolitan City Urban and Residential Environment Renovation Basic Plan」 announced in December 2019. After two years have elapsed, this study was conducted to suggest problems and improvement plans for the pre-feasibility review system. In order to protect business operators and not damage the public nature, problems and improvement measures were derived through case analysis and in-depth interview with experts. As a result of the analysis, the importance of problems to be improved the 1st priority is to change the date of calculation of rights for prior feasibility review, the 2nd priority is to implement the procedure by combining the preliminary feasibility study and the designation of the maintenance area. The 3rd priority is the designation of qualification requirements for the pre-feasibility review business agency. The 4th priority is the stipulation of the components of the redevelopment promotion committee and the scope of work. The 5th priority is to newly establish the redevelopment project integration support group. Through the improvement of these systems, the rights and private interests of the redevelompment association should be protected, and the urban reorganization project should be activated in a direction that expands without damaging the public interest.

Drawing the boundaries of ‘good citizenship’ through state-led urban redevelopment in Dikmen Valley

This article explores the role of contemporary urban redevelopment in invoking a renegotiation of citizenship. There has been a wide acknowledgement that neoliberalism is a political project involving transformations in the state–market–citizen relations. However, the scholarly emphasis on market-led principles in remaking places and people falls short of acknowledging political aspirations and struggles that intrude in processes of inclusion and exclusion at the city scale. Focussing on the case of Turkey, where neoliberal urban policies and practices have been linked to the central government’s political ambitions, the article illustrates that urban redevelopment projects help the state actors realign citizenship with the authoritarian regime. A focus on the state-led urban interventions from the perspective of bordering the ‘good citizen’ suggests that neoliberal urban redevelopment projects are mobilised by the state to promote official citizenship agendas. Drawing on in-depth interviews, photos and observations from 9-month fieldwork in Dikmen Valley (Ankara), this article ethnographically documents how the ideals of the ‘good citizen’ in an authoritarian context differ from the market-led promotion of consumerist, aspirational and active citizens.

Urban governance and the implementation of major infrastructure projects in Kumasi, Ghana

ABSTRACT This paper explores power dynamics among stakeholders in the Kejetia/Central Market Redevelopment Project in Kumasi, Ghana. It adopts a case study approach and draws on multiple qualitative data collection methods, including in-depth interviews of 62 representatives of evicted traders and project officials. The study reveals the use of participatory approaches that ignored many informal stakeholders of the project. These stakeholders also adopted varied strategies to engage city authorities with myriads of outcomes. We argue that the major infrastructure development projects in emerging African cities should have built-in mechanisms for identifying and including stakeholders at all stages of their implementation process.

Land redevelopment under ambiguous property rights in transitional Vietnam: A case of spatial transformation in Hanoi city center

Since the economic reform in 1986, there have been important changes in the institutions for land-use in Vietnam, which set the foundation for the transition from “land as a means of production” to “land as an assest”. Along with the gradual transition of land-use rights, a dual land market prevails as a result of the coexistence between marketization and centralization. In that system, the gap of land prices between market and non-market tracks has created landed interests that are embedded intricately within the resultant built environment, coupled with the rent-seeking behavior of SOE land holders and developers. Through the empirical case studies of the land redevelopment projects led by the state-owned enterprises in Hanoi’s city center, the study shows the hidden logic of spatial transformation and conflicts between the planning control under state’s ideology and land-rent seeking behavior in the reality. From the perspective of land rights, it is observed that state assets going through spontaneously “informal privatization” under ambiguous property rights has caused hasty redevelopment, leading to the development control mechanism not working properly. As a result, the externalities of un-controlled development are not internalized, causing over-compaction in the city’s center and lowers the environmental quality. This paper suggests that clarification of property rights should be the goal for further institutional change and of strengthening the state's capacity in development control.

5 Reconstructing Russell City, California's Past: “The City May Be Gone, But the Memories Live On”

ABSTRACTRussell City, California was once a small farming settlement located near San Francisco Bay. Its population increased and demographics changed during the 1940s, when African American and Latinx families migrated to the area and became the town's majority. The hamlet was never incorporated and lacked basic utilities, yet Russell Cityans self‐governed, provided civic safety services, established churches and businesses, and sealed financial deals between neighbors. In the 1950s, however, surrounding areas began considering Russell City a blight. Newspaper articles reinforced this idea, while simultaneously detailing governmental attempts to impede Russell City's improvement efforts. In 1963, Alameda County began the forced relocation of Russell's tenants via a redevelopment project. Residents protested to no avail, and by 1968 the town was destroyed. The area is now an industrial park.Contemporary archaeology methods like archival research, oral history, material analysis, photography, and mapping are essential to understand Russell City's past. Using these approaches also enables former residents to cognitively bridge past and present, contributes to forming individual identities, fortifies community solidarity, and exposes the paradox of how living in Russell City was experienced by townspeople compared to how it was viewed by those outside its perimeters. Lastly, documenting Russell Cityans’ experiences and mapping the town are acts that confront the race and class‐based systems that not only shaped their lives as well as others in similar communities across the United States, but continue to affect marginalized peoples today.

전원도시 이론에 기반한 지속가능한 도시재개발사업 구조에 관한 연구

Sustainability is an important topic from the perspective of cities as a common international task related to the survival of humanity. Especially, this topic is critical from an urban redevelopment perspective. The garden city model, suggest by Howard, provides the theoretical foundation needed for sustainable city construction. This paper proposes a sustainable urban redevelopment structure to analyzing the garden city model and cases evaluated as successful redevelopment projects: Battery Park City and Hudson Yards. Our proposal is as follows: First, urban redevelopment projects should adopt the land or superficies lease method. This method creates a positive feedback system that converts profits from the land into public resources and reinvests them to the city. Second, a public corporation should establish for each urban project. This corporation manages urban development projects as well as maintains the city after the project is complete. This method can alleviate the inefficiency and agency problems from a bloated organization that has excessive authority. Third, the government should reflect the above proposal to smart city construction, a new urban paradigm. The usability of the garden city model proves through the United States case. Therefore, adopt our proposal can strengthen city construction competitiveness.

By the fjord: successful public and private collaboration in a neighbourhood redevelopment project in Norway

The purpose of this paper is to investigate and study the green procurement processes in the new and ongoing neighbourhood-building project named ‘Fjordbyen’ in Norway. The purpose behind this study is to look at how Fjordbyen approached these processes in order to contribute to the pool of knowledge on this topic. The Fjordbyen project is located on the shoreline in the Drammensfjord and represents in effect the development of a new neighbourhood. This new development aims to settle at least 16 000 new residents and 16 000 jobs in a zero-emission urban area that is green and future oriented. The topic is addressed by using a case study approach. The data for this paper were collected through a combination of desk research, a study of secondary data such as document studies (reports, documents from websites etc.), two citizen surveys and four interviews with the key personnel involved in the front-end planning process of the Fjordbyen project. Through a combination of urban planning and typological considerations, green procurement was conducted in the context of ensuring that not just greener products were purchased but also green supply chains were managed, as were the ‘grassroots’ development processes themselves. The finding of this study has an impact on the consideration of processes leading towards green procurement in urban and city development projects. This is particularly the case with regard to pushing even further research on the value and challenges associated with green procurement processes.

The redevelopment of a low-income neighbourhood in Naples, the Vergini-Sanità area: an endogenous redevelopment project?

Cette contribution étudie le rôle d’un réseau d’acteurs culturels, informels et associatifs dans la réappropriation d’un quartier populaire du centre historique de Naples, l’aire Vergini-Sanità. Les initiatives bottom up s’y accélèrent aujourd’hui, puisqu’elles s’intéressent non seulement au patrimoine, mais aussi à l’aménagement des espaces publics et à leur animation. Ces acteurs semblent avoir compris qu’il faut dépasser la seule valorisation des biens, des lieux isolés, mais aussi repenser leur environnement pour changer véritablement l’image de leur quartier.Dans quelle mesure la mise en œuvre d’une politique urbaine à dimension participative dans un quartier populaire défavorisé peut-elle redonner aux habitants un nouveau sens de l’urbain, susciter de nouvelles pratiques spatiales et générer de nouveaux usages dans l’espace public ? Au-delà de cet exemple napolitain et de ses singularités, l’article interroge le jeu des acteurs et leur structuration dans ce Sud italien souvent en marge de la légalité (La Spina 2005). Il questionne les interrelations entre acteurs associatifs et institutionnels dans le processus de revitalisation urbaine, ainsi que la dimension participative des politiques urbaines publiques et leurs limites.

Evaluation of Land-Use Layout of the Rail Station Area Based on the Difference in Noise Sensitivity to Rail Transit, Taking a Suburb of Tokyo as an Example

Rail transit has been deemed a sustainable means of transportation, but its agglomeration effect and the noise therefrom create conflict. Generally, such conflict can be solved by designing the architecture and facilities of rail transit using noise-reduction methods. However, relevant studies have pointed out the limitations of such methods from the perspective of enforceability and social justice. Specifically, extensive monitoring of noise is difficult, and the cost of noise reduction is mostly borne by the surrounding residents. Thus, another question has been raised: Can we apply a land-use layout that takes into account the difference in sensitivity to rail noise of different types of land so as to weaken the negative impact of rail noise? In this paper, we adopted various methods of the characteristic price method, progressive multivariate regression analysis method and noise simulation method, and adopted the suburban rail transit system in Japan as the research object to analyze the impact of rail noise on the price of residential land within 200 m of the rail line. Additionally, we investigated the impact of the accessibility to the station site on the price of commercial and residential land within 800 m of the rail line. We also established the evaluation model on this basis. Lastly, we conducted a further discussion on the evaluation model by studying the re-development project of Tokyo’s Futako Tamagawa Station. The major conclusions in this paper are the following: rail noise is negatively related to the price of residential land within 200 m of the rail line; the price of commercial land within 800 m of the station site is negatively related to the station’s accessibility; and the price of residential land is unrelated to the station’s accessibility. According to the results of the analysis of Tokyo’s Futako Tamagawa Station, designing and arranging commercial land that is insensitive to rail noise in the area surrounding the rail line and using commercial buildings as a shield for the residential land behind them will be beneficial for weakening the negative impact of noise and maximizing the use of the commercial value generated by the station’s accessibility.

Production-Technology Selection Optimizes Redevelopment Project in Austria

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200290, “Production Technology Selection for an EOR Redevelopment Project: Lessons Learned From Polymer Pilots,” by Michaela Hoy, SPE, Timur Cimitoglu, and Philipp Knauhs, SPE, OMV, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. OMV operates 26 oil fields in Lower Austria. The majority were developed in the 1950s and ’60s and show an extended period of decline. The challenge of operating brownfields can be tackled by a major chemical-enhanced-oil-recovery field-redevelopment project. The scope of the polymer field rollout is to create and operate efficient horizontal polymer injection patterns in Lower Austria. Introduction The operator historically has executed several enhanced oil recovery trials, but during the past 10 years, polymerflooding has grown in importance in its development plans. For testing its efficacy in the Tortonian Horizons (TH) of the Matzen field, single vertical polymer patterns were created. Because the vertical polymer patterns showed operational success and incremental-oil-production potential, horizontal flooding patterns were considered. In 2017, the first horizontal pilot pattern was drilled and completed.

Non-linear effects of developer obligation on property prices: A perspective of land dedication in China's bottom up urban redevelopment

Developer obligations (DOs) have been increasingly adopted to capture land value increases and finance urban infrastructures in countries around the world. The practice of DOs in China emerged mainly for the purpose of urban redevelopment. This research attempts to examine how DOs affect the property prices of redevelopment projects from the perspective of land dedication in China's bottom up urban redevelopment. The hedonic pricing model and spatial economic models are applied to 2357 real property transaction price samples for analyzing the DO effects in Shenzhen, China. Research findings reveal that DOs have positive impacts on the property prices of redevelopment projects. Thus, developers and property owners do not have to be against the fulfillment of their obligations. Furthermore, empirical results indicate a non-linear relationship between DOs and property prices: with the increase of DOs, property value premiums present an inverted U-shaped curve (increase first and then decrease). The redevelopment projects with 27%–38% land dedication ratio have the highest value premium. The reasons for the inverted-U shaped effects are further analyzed. The findings from this study provide valuable references for decision makers to formulate effective and tailor-made DO strategies in the field of land value capture and urban redevelopment.

서울시 정비사업 수익률 분석을 통한 해제지역의 사업 재추진 가능성 연구*

Newtown and Redevelopment projects, which were popular in the 2000s have caused various conflicts among different social and economic interest groups due to the prolonged recession in the real estate market. Accordingly, the Seoul government implemented an exit strategy for the maintenance project in 2012 to release the maintenance area and implemented a new paradigm-based urban regenration policy. However, the exit strategy for the maintenance project caused other problems; since 2013, housing prices in Seoul have been on the rise, which led to the recent market pressure on the resumption of the maintenace project. The current study confirmed that the resumption of the maintenance project would be possible if an approximately 10% return was expected from the perspective of the union members in the maintenance project areas. A return rate analysis on the six areas that were released as a part of the exit strategy showed that the maintenance project for all areas could be resumed in the private sector, exceeding 10% of the preliminary required return.

Revisiting entrepreneurial governance in China’s urban redevelopment: a case from Wuhan

ABSTRACT The unprecedented scale and varied forms of urban redevelopment in China provide an experimental field for understanding the transformation of urban governance. Noting that existing studies have often focused on coastal or developed Chinese cities, this study examines urban redevelopment in Wuhan, an inland city. We use the Erqi Riverfront Business District (RBD) redevelopment project as a case to examine the evolving entrepreneurial governance in Wuhan. We found that the making of RBD is featured by an absolutely dominant role of the local state, with public and private partnerships formed at a later stage. Both financialization and planning centrality have been used by the local state to fulfill its long-term vision of urban development. This study produces grounded knowledge to deeper understand varied entrepreneurialism and its modality for emerging Chinese cities. By articulating the significance of local contexts, it also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of urban entrepreneurial governance.

An Analysis of Transaction Costs Involved in the Urban Village Redevelopment Process in China

A well-designed institutional arrangement for urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) must consider transaction costs, but academic papers discussing it from the perspective of transaction cost economics are lacking. This paper applies theory of transaction cost economics to analyse the types and sizes of transaction costs and who bears these costs during redevelopment when implementing UVRPs in China. This paper finds that transactions in UVRPs have high asset specificity, high uncertainty and low frequency, which easily results in high levels of transaction costs. Based on 439 UVRPs collected from seven cities, this paper finds that UVRPs implemented with top–down institutional arrangements remain prevalent in China. Based on semi-structured interviews with participating parties, this paper proves that the sizes and types of transaction costs and the distribution of these costs borne by different participating parties vary with the change of stage under dissimilar institutional arrangements. This implies that a high level of transaction costs at one stage does not necessarily mean the costs stay high at another stage. Transaction costs have essential implications for process efficiency, so policymakers need to consider transaction costs and use hybrid institutional arrangements to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of policies.

Nomocracy versus teleocracy: Comparing participatory urban redevelopment in Shenzhen and Kashgar

ABSTRACT The Chinese regime in urban redevelopment has evolved from a command type to one that seems committed to adopting the successful elements of participatory institutions. Recent studies mostly focus on the analysis of cities populated by the Han ethnic group and, as such, are susceptible to ethnographical and cultural bias. Building upon the concepts of habitus and nomocratic-teleocratic imbrication, this article investigates the variegated forms of Chinese urban governance in redevelopment projects through a comparative view of critical geopolitics in cities with stark ethnographical differences—a Uyghur community in Kashgar’s Old Town, and a Han community in Shenzhen. Our findings reveal that, when faced with a teleocratic order imposed on their nomocratically formed space, Uyghur residents with a community-based habitus preferred non-confrontational practices for self-protection, rather than direct engagement in open conflict; conversely, Shenzhen residents with state-preference habitus chose public mobilization as a means to seek state attention, largely because their teleocratic community was allowed certain room for negotiations and contestation in the planning process. Two hybrid planning orders are identified: teleocratized nomocracy and nomocratized teleocracy, manifesting the divergent ways in which collaborative strategies have been incorporated by China’s governing authorities in order to increase policy adaptability. These findings contribute to understanding the complexity and flexibility of urban governance in the participatory transformation of the urban policy framework in China.

The Reclamation of an Industrial Site and Design Impacts on Environmental, Social, and Economic Resilience

Background and objective The industrial crisis in Michigan, USA calls for the redevelopment of abandoned industrial sites into functioning public spaces. Neglected spaces have negative impacts on the surrounding communities, promoting aesthetic, safety, economic, and environmental issues. The purpose of this study was to explore and discuss the possible redevelopment of an underused site, with particular focus on its industrial site elements; quantitative measures were then applied to determine redevelopment's effects on the nearby community. Methods The Michigan Central Station in Detroit, Michigan, USA was selected as a case study. Landscape performance research methods were applied to quantitatively analyze the environmental, social, and economic benefits of reclaiming this abandoned industrial site and its various elements. Results The findings show that implementing the case study redesign would result in positive environmental impacts. These impacts include expanded areas of ecologically valuable land, a reduction in sulfur dioxide, and increases in carbon sequestration, retained stormwater, and the use of recycled contents. The case study redevelopment project would impact the surrounding economic context through savings on water treatment costs obtained from the use of retained stormwater, increased property values, and job creation. Furthermore, the redesign would also impact social aspects by increasing the available gathering spaces and public open areas and enhancing safety by adding sidewalks and bike lanes. Conclusion The findings of this study will help designers and planners recognize the value of reusing existing industrial sites instead of undertaking harmful demolition processes, eventually leading to more sustainable community designs.

Urban renewal governance and manipulation of plot ratios: A comparison between Taipei, Hong Kong and, Singapore

Urban governance involves institutional rules that can be combined to serve aims of providing and delivering public welfare and services. Such combination can be achieved by engaging stakeholders holding respective resources and power into a rule-structured interaction to orient the collective outcome towards a more favourable end, while the conflicts among actors remain as the governance imperative in the urban renewal arena. This paper aims to elucidate against this background of urban renewal governance and consequences of its resource mobilization by comparing three high-density Asian cities from north to south: Taipei, Hong Kong and Singapore all with a Chinese cultural background. The comparative study investigates the capacity of actors and implications of instrumental tools to mobilize non-state resources in different urban renewal governances. In particular, the assembly of, concession in, incentive for, and transfer of plot ratio, are further accentuated as the said manipulation by public authorities, private sectors, and the community. The findings identify the practical utilities rooted in the manipulation of plot ratios to fuel the redevelopment projects, and highlight that while the mobilization of non-state resources relieves the government deficit of service delivery, the value-laden governance approach and policy instruments for resource mobilization can also strengthen the unbalanced power relations between actors and have consequences on various aspects. As urban governance evolves in response to local and global pressures, the findings in this paper will shed light on the future of urban renewal governance.

Redevelopment of Brownfields for Cultural Use from ERDF Fund—The Case of Hungary between 2014 and 2020

In the current research we aim to analyse the public redevelopment projects financed in Hungary from the Territorial and Settlement Development OP between 2014 and 2020, with special focus on cultural use. Brownfield redevelopment is a major topic in an urban development context from an urban sustainability, circularity, and creative urban/regional development point of view. Within the examined period, 39% of the brownfield redevelopment projects have cultural ties. A detailed introduction of the cases highlights the importance of landscape-oriented spatial strategies, temporary use, and mixed land use options in redevelopment for long-term viability. The original function of redevelopment projects encompasses a wide range. We could find industrial brownfields from the 19th century to agro-food facilities from the soviet era, which proves that the allocation of ERDF funds for brownfield redevelopments helped the rehabilitation of those sites which are important in showcasing Hungarian history.

A study on setting the direction of digital twin implementation for urban regeneration business

In Korea, after the period of urban development, many cities entered a period of decline. Accordingly, the market for urban businesses such as urban regeneration, redevelopment, and reconstruction is expanding. However, even though these businesses are large businesses that generate a lot of added value, there is a high risk that it is difficult to accurately predict the direction of the business and the profit and cost of the business. However, if a city digital twin is established from the perspective of an urban digital business, any reasonable market participant can promote urban regeneration, redevelopment, and reconstruction projects as an urban digital business. Therefore, in this study, from the perspective of urban digital business, the purpose of constructing a digital twin for urban regeneration digital business was to be presented by analyzing the case of establishing a digital twin of the urban regeneration project by the town as a case. As a result of analyzing the case site through public DB and on-site surveys, a total of 237 parcels and 156 buildings were analyzed. As a result, a total of 54 public Databases and actual cases were found to be inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, four directions were suggested for the establishment of a digital twin for urban regeneration digital business at the village level. The first is to secure consistency between the current government's public ledgers (public DB). The second is to improve the problem that it is difficult to check information such as empty houses. Third, it is a regular and detailed field survey to improve books that are inconsistent with various current conditions, such as when buildings are actually destroyed, but there are buildings on the ledger or buildings without a building register (most of them are expected to be illegal buildings). Fourth, the government's cost and time to develop and apply digital twin technology for the old cities, which are most cities in Korea, is a step away from what is currently being built/developed around pilot cities such as new towns and smart cities at the government level. It is commitment.