Red Seedless Research Articles

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Ekstrak Aseton Kulit Putih Semangka Merah Non Biji (Citrullus Vulgaris S) dengan Niacinamide sebagai Gel Pelembab Kulit dengan Uji Kelembapan

This research was carried out with the aim of identifying the content of phytochemical compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in the acetone extract of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris), knowing the results of evaluating the physical properties of the acetone extract gel of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) with niacinamide against various concentrations of moisturizing gel preparations, and comparing the best moisture test concentration on acetone extract gel preparations of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in providing optimal results. This research is a laboratory study of the experimental formulation of acetone extract of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) to determine the formulation and concentration of the best extract produced. The research results showed that acetone extract from the white skin of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) contained phytochemical compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, and polyphenol as well as lycopene in the white skin of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris). The results of the evaluation of the physical properties of the acetone extract gel of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in the negative control, 2.5% concentration, 5% concentration, and 7.5% concentration met the test requirements but did not meet the spreadability test requirements. And the best concentration of water content test in the acetone extract gel preparation of seedless red watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris) in providing optimal results is found in the gel preparation with a concentration of 7.5%.

НАГРУЗКА КУСТОВ БЕССЕМЯННЫХ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА ПОБЕГАМИ И ГРОЗДЯМИ: ОБЗОР

The article considers the issue of loading bushes of seedless grape varieties with shoots and bunches in the world practice. The analysis is presented on the timing and length of pruning shoots, the load of bush by shoots, the load of bushes by bunches and methods for regulating the compactness of bunches of seedless grape varieties. The timing of pruning regulates the growth strength of shoots and the maturation time of early seedless grape varieties. Experiments on the timing of pruning often combined with subsequent treatment with growth regulators to increase yields. The length of the pruning of shoots affects the condition and death of the buds, the timing of the passage of phenological phases, productivity and quality of seedless varieties. Variety specificity and pruning dependence are noted: some varieties prefer short pruning (Perlett in India, White Seedless and Red Seedless in Iran), some – long (Beauty Seedless in India, Kishmish Batir in Uzbekistan, etc.). With an increase in the number of shoots per bush, yield capacity increase, however, the quality of grapes decreases, which also happens when the load of bunches increases. For the Jumba Seedless variety, despite the high performance with a low load of bushes with bunches, a higher one is recommended for an optimal ratio of productivity and quality. Thinning of bunches is also a common technique for regulating yield and quality, however, it is necessary to take into account the timing of thinning – too early removal of part of the inflorescences can lead to the formation of an excessively loose bunch, as in the BRS Vitoria variety in Brazil. Studies of the load of bushes of seedless grape varieties with shoots and bunches are relevant, especially in view of modern climate changes and increasing demand for high-quality products. Such studies are few in number in Russia, which requires closer study for the development of table seedless viticulture.

Determination of the influence of packaging measures of a variety of Husayni grapes

The loss of the product during post-harvest practices in agriculture is one of the most common problems that threaten food security today. Identifying and eliminating the causes of post-harvest losses is the best strategy to increase the efficiency of the farms and farmers who grow the product and ensure food safety, rather than using additional resources to increase the volume of production of any type of product. World’s yearly table grape production is 16.5 million tons. Producing areas are China, Turkey, Europe, Brazil, Chili and United States. Some popular grape varieties are Thompson Seedless, Flame Seedless, Crimson Seedless, Red Globe, Ruby Seedless, Red Seedless, Muscat and Sugraone. Although in recent years different reviews have described technological advances in maintainingthe quality of table grapes during postharvest, the mechanisms through which they exert theirbeneficial effects require an in-depth review. Thus, the present work aims to review existing literatureon the different potential mechanisms, giving special attention to molecular mechanisms regulatedby the postharvest treatments applied in order to improve table grape quality. Although we havemade an effort to review the mechanisms behind different postharvest treatments, it is important tohighlight that most published studies up until now examining both the effectiveness of treatmentsand their mechanisms, have used the modification of storage atmosphere composition as the onlypostharvest treatment.

The Effects of Some Exogenous Applications on Quality in ‘Crimson Seedless’ Grape

‘Crimson Seedless’ is a red seedless table grape (Vitis vinifera) and although it is widely cultivated in Aegean Region, it does not develop adequate color in warm climate. The present study was carried out to estimate the effect of abscisic acid (S-ABA), ethephon and girdling on color of bunches and metabolic profile on ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevine variety. To achieve this goal, experimental treatments were carried out during two successive seasons (2017–2018). Experimental materials were eight-year-old ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevines grafted onto 1103P (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris) of similar vigor and grown in a loamy soil structure under drip irrigation system. In this study a randomized block experimental design with three replications was used, with each plot consisting of six grapevines. Exogenous plant growth regulator (PGR) like S‑ABA and Ethephon was applied to the plant materials in five different application method. T4 (S-ABA+ Ethephon) application for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape among different applications yielded more effective results on maturity index (SS/TA), total soluble solids (°Brix), a*, CIRG (Color Index of Red Grapes) and cluster lenght (mm) properties than other applications. Exogenous S‑ABA+ Ethephon promoted color development in ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape berries. For this reason, it has been determined that T4 (S-ABA+ Ethephon) treatment gives the best results for “Crimson Seeddless” grape variety. These results indicate that ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevines grown in a warm climate, where color development is poor, would benefit from a spray of 400 mg/L S‑ABA, ten days after the veraison and 500 mg/L Ethephon, ten days after the first S‑ABA application.

Designing a Low-Cost Thyroid Ultrasound Phantom for Medical Student Education

Using ultrasound for the diagnostic workup of thyroid lesions is a widely accepted technique. An inexpensive phantom model of thyroid lesions would be an invaluable tool for engaging medical students in learning the diagnostic algorithm for thyroid lesions and how to perform fine needle aspiration (FNA). The aim of this study was to devise an inexpensive and reproducible training phantom model for thyroid lesion detection, image interpretation and in vitro FNA using ultrasound guidance. A simple phantom model imitating benign cystic lesions, intermediately suspicious lesions and highly suspicious lesions was developed using a chicken breast, red seedless grapes, pimento olives and blackberries. The phantom was constructed for a total cost of $4.09 per unit and constructed in approximately 3 min. Nine models were constructed in total, demonstrating that the model design is replicable. This thyroid FNA phantom is an inexpensive, easy-to-produce model that allows medical students to practice measuring lesions and performing FNAs using ultrasonography. Future studies could be explored to assess this model's role in medical student education.

Organic matter and moringa leaf extract’s effects on the physiology and fruit quality of red seedless watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

This study was designed to assess the effects of different types of organic matter on the quality and biochemical properties of red seedless watermelon. The research was a single factor experiment, which involved six (6) treatments and four (4) replications. Watermelon grown and harvested from five (5) different organic matter sources, namely; vermicompost (VC), poultry manure (PM), cow dung (CD), goat dung (GD), and moringa leaf extract (MLE), at the rates of 10 ton, 20 ton, 30 ton, 30 ton, and 3000 L ha-1, respectively, were used in this study. The results revealed that the treatment of vermicompost improved the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, internal carbon dioxide, net photosynthetic rate, fruit weight and mineral nutrient content of watermelon. The application of cow dung reduced the rind thickness and increased the TSS and antioxidant activity of the watermelon. The goat dung treatment significantly affected fruit size, juice content and the pH content of the watermelon’s fruit juice. The poultry manure (PM) and moringa extract (MLE) treatments resulted in the highest anthocyanin content of all the watermelon. Although all the organic matter, in their unique ways, improved the quality of red seedless watermelon, the study shows that the vermicompost application had better growth, yield and improvement in the quality of watermelon.

Rootstocks for table grape ‘BRS Maria Bonita’ in the São Francisco Valley, northeast Brazil

‘BRS Maria Bonita’ is a red seedless table-grape cultivar developed by Embrapa’s grape breeding program. This work aimed to study the influence of rootstock on production components and physico-chemical characteristics of ‘BRS Maria Bonita’ grapes in the tropical conditions of the Sao Francisco Valley. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Embrapa Semiarido in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, during five production cycles, using six rootstocks: ‘Harmony’, ‘SO4’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 766’. The experimental design was random blocks with three replicates. The averages of five production cycles presented statistically significant differences for most variables. Rootstock ‘IAC 766’ increased yield and number of bunches compared with ‘Harmony’ and ‘SO4’. An average of 14.8 t ha(‑1) per cycle and 35 bunches per plant was obtained on ‘IAC 766’. The sizes of the bunch and berry were lower with rootstock ‘SO4’, but did not differ with the other rootstocks. Soluble solids content (SSC) was not influenced by rootstock, reaching mean values of 16.24 °Brix, while the titratable acidity (TA) was higher when the grapes were grafted on ‘SO4’ (0.56 g tartaric acid 100 mL(‑1)) in comparison with ‘Harmony’ (0.45 g tartaric acid 100 mL(‑1)) and’ IAC 313 ‘(0.47 g tartaric acid 100 mL(‑1)). The SSC/TA ratio also did not show differences between rootstocks, ranging from 32.4 (‘SO4’) to 41.8 (‘Harmony’). Rootstock ‘IAC 766’ should be used to increase yield and number of bunches of ‘BRS Maria Bonita’ grown in the Sao Francisco Valley, northeast Brazil.

Screening and histological characterization of Guava (Psidium guajava) cultivars against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii

Survey was done in major guava growing districts of Tamil Nadu in India for incidence for guava root knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii was found positive in all the districts, Theni district showing total infestation. The screening results showed that Mini Guava (4.0), Local (4.0), White seedless (3.6), Red seedless (3.6), Panneer guava (3.6) were susceptible to M. enterolobii, based on gall index, unfortunately other cultivars were highly susceptible. Root exudate was collected in 15 cultivars and tested the hatching ability of eggs and second stage juvenile (J2s) mortality rate. The root exudate increased the egg hatching ability and decreased the juvenile mortality rate. The increase in hatching ability and decrease in mortality rate was directly proportional to increase in time and concentration. Moreover, the histopathological response of M. enterolobii infested roots showed complete damage of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem and phloem cells of roots and different stages of M. enterolobii were found exist in clusters.

Impacts of vermicomposting rates on growth, yield and qualities of red seedless watermelon

Impacts of vermicomposting rates on growth, yield and qualities of red seedless watermelon

Comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance in 68 Vitis germplasm resources

Temperature is a crucial factor limiting plant growth. Grapevine is frequently subjected to high temperature during its maturation stage, and this seriously influences grape growth and development. Here, we selected 68 grapevine varieties and examined the heat damage index, relative electrolyte leakage, and Fv/Fm after exposure to 50 °C. 'Red Seedless', 'Hong Yuli', 'At Suma', 'Hupei 3#', and 'Tamina' were tolerant to high-temperature stress; however, 'Brazil', 'Shenfeng', 'Gold Finger', 'Heimeixiang', 'Kaiji', and 'Zuijinxiang' varieties were sensitive to high-temperature stress and died after exposure to 50 °C. Our findings provide a valuable insight into resistance breeding programs for grapevine.

Evaluation the effect of rootstocks on postharvest berries quality of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes

‘Flame Seedless’ (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most valuable grape cultivars in Egypt. Also, it is one of the earliest ripening red seedless cultivars which appeared in the Egyptian market. The current investigation was conducted during the two season 2013 and 2014 on 8 years old vines in the commercial orchard when soil was sandy. Vines were grafted on four rootstocks Freedom, Ruggeri, Paulson and Flame Seedless. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different rootstocks on fruit quality attributes during shelf-life. The Paulson rootstock presented highly marketable under Egyptian conditions compared with other rootstocks as to physical and chemical quality characteristics. As the main conclusion, graft Flame Seedless vines onto Paulson rootstock to improved fruit quality and also to enhance economic crop in Egyptian market

Quality evaluation of watermelon using laser-induced backscattering imaging during storage

Non-destructive and optical-based technologies are rapidly being engaged as alternative techniques for monitoring quality changes in agricultural produce. In the present work, the feasibility of laser-induced backscattering imaging was investigated to predict the changes of firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, and moisture of watermelon during storage. Backscattering images were obtained from Black Beauty and Red Seedless watermelons using a laser diode emitting at the wavelength of 658 nm. Different multivariate methods were evaluated on the backscattering parameters (BP) for monitoring the quality changes of watermelons at different storage days. A partial least squares (PLS) regression was applied to the BP extracted from the backscattering images to analyze the quality attributes of the two watermelon cultivars. Among all of the quality changes, the moisture prediction gave the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.942 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.492, respectively. Therefore, this study has demonstrated the capability of laser-induced backscattering imaging as a useful, rapid, and non-invasive optical technique for the evaluation of the quality of watermelons during storage.

NOVEL BRAZILIAN GRAPE CULTIVARS

In Brazil, genetic breeding aiming at the development of novel grapevine cultivars is based on the diversity maintained in the Grapevine Germplasm Bank. It consists of approximately 1500 accessions; 1000 of them have been characterized and evaluated for the most important agronomical and industrial traits, such as disease responses and must features. The program employs mainly sexual hybridizations, followed by screening and field selection cycles. During the final stages of developing novel cultivars, advanced selections are tested under semi-commercial scale, in real production conditions. The agronomical characteristics and the features of the grapes, of the juice or of the wine from the potential cultivar, are evaluated in collaboration with growers. As a result, 18 grapevine cultivars were developed in the last years, contributing to several segments of the Brazilian grape productive chain. In 2012/2013, four novel grapevine cultivars were released; three are table grapes and the fourth, for juice making. ?BRS Magna? is a new juice cultivar with intermediate productive cycle and wide climatic adaptation, released as an alternative for color, sugar contents and the flavor improvement. ?BRS Vitoria? is a novel black seedless table grape cultivar presenting excellent agronomic behavior, high bud fertility and tolerance to downy mildew, the main grapevine disease in Brazil. ?BRS Isis? is a red seedless table grape, also tolerant to downy mildew, presenting high yields, naturally large berries and uniform color, in the absence of chemical treatments. ?BRS Nubia? is a seeded table grape, with good black color and neutral flavor. It is high yielding and presents large berries (24×34 mm, no gibberellin) with crisp flesh. The three novel table grapes are recommended to Brazilian subtropical and tropical areas.

Farklı anaçlar üzerine aşılı bazı virüsten ari altıntop çeşitlerinin meyve kalite özellikleri

Sanitation studies against virus and virus like diseases causing large economic losses in citrus plantations in Turkey were begun at Antalya Citrus Research Institute in 1988. As a result of the study, some virus-free grapefruit varieties (Redblush, Rio Red, Ray Ruby, Henderson, Star Ruby and Marsh Seedless) budded on Local sour orange and Troyer citrange rootstocks were planted at breeding parcel in 1995. Effects of rootstocks on fruit quality properties were investigated in these grapefruit varieties. Local sour orange and Troyer citrange affected similarly on the fruit quality of grapefruit cultivars. It could be suggested that these rootstocks could be recommended for grapefruit growing.

Effect of pre-treatments on solar drying kinetics of red seedless grapes (cv. Monukka)

<p>Two different pre-treatments were applied to grapes prior to drying in a mixed mode solar dryer. Grapes were blanched in water and in a 0.1% sunflower oil water emulsion, both at 99◦C and for approximately 15 seconds. Several models were tested to fit the experimental data of drying curves but the normalized Newton model gave the best fit results. Samples blanched in hot water or in the 0.1% edible oil emulsion had faster drying rates than untreated samples. Contrary to what was expected, pre-treating with the 0.1% edible oil emulsion did not increase the drying rate to a higher extent than blanching. Pre-treatments did not give a noteworthy difference in the total drying time. However, they had an important role in accelerating initial drying rates, thus preventing moulds and bacterial growth and consequently increasing farmers’ income</p>

Effect of pre-treatments on solar drying kinetics of red seedless grapes (cv. Monukka)

Two different pre-treatments were applied to grapes prior to drying in a mixed mode solar dryer. Grapes were blanched in water and in a 0.1% sunflower oil water emulsion, both at 99oC and for approximately 15 seconds. Several models were tested to fit the experimental data of drying curves but the normalized Newton model gave the best fit results. Samples blanched in hot water or in the 0.1% edible oil emulsion had faster drying rates than untreated samples. Contrary to what was expected, pre-treating with the 0.1% edible oil emulsion did not increase the drying rate to a higher extent than blanching. Pre-treatments did not give a noteworthy difference in the total drying time. However, they had an important role in accelerating initial drying rates, thus preventing moulds and bacterial growth and consequently increasing farmers’ income.

TABLE GRAPE BREEDING AT THE ARC INFRUITEC-NIETVOORBIJ, SOUTH AFRICA; ITS IMPACT ON THE SA INDUSTRY AND LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

Since its inception in 1952 and first releases in 1965, the ARC table grape breeding program released a total of 28 cultivars. In 1985 one ARC cultivar (?Bien Donne?) made a noteworthy contribution to export (3%), while the contribution of six ARC cultivars was 25,9% of the total export in 2006. Changes in consumer preferences necessitate regular revision of aims. For example, export of seedless cultivars from SA grew from a minimal contribution in 1985 to over 52% in 2006 and is still growing. New seedless cultivars are developed by in vitro embryo rescue techniques, while crosses to develop seeded cultivars with unique characteristics are also made. The first seedless cultivar was released in 1986, followed by another five seedless cultivars. Two new, early ripening, red seedless cultivars will be released in the near future to the SA industry. Since 2004, DNA technologies and molecular approaches were introduced as an essential component of the disease resistance breeding program. An extensive DNA fingerprint of table grape cultivars/selections was constructed and is used to solve identity issues. ?Regent?, an interspecies hybrid, is resistant to powdery and downy mildew (Fisher et al., 2004) and was used to introduce resistance into the ARC table grape breeding program. We report validation of the resistance loci previously identified, following a QTL approach in a ?Regent? × ?RedGlobe? population. We identified plants that phenotypically displayed resistance to both downy and powdery mildew, whilst also carrying flanking markers for both resistance QTL. These plants are prime candidates to be used in future crosses to introduce resistance, whilst also selecting for good fruit quality. The population and the genetic map is a valuable resource that can be used in future to map other disease resistance loci present in Regent or fruit quality traits of ?RedGlobe?.

USING SAFETY ENVIRONMENT ESSENTIAL OIL TO IMPROVE QUALITY AND STORAGE ABILITY FOR GRAPES

Table grapes are one of the oldest fruit known their cultivation in Egypt. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea the most important postharvest disease of table grapes. The fungus grows vigorously on harvested grapes and can spread among berries even at low temperatures (−0.5°C). The most common commercial method to control decay is the use of SO2 during cold storage. The SO2 is harmful to human health and environmental. The main objective is found alternative of Sulfur dioxide pad. In this study used two varieties of grapes: - 1)Sugraone Seedless: It is a white seedless, and 2)Crimson Seedless:It is a red seedless. With threetreatments. 1) Were used LifeSpan (MAP) and essential oil pad. 2) Were used LifeSpan and essential oil was sprayed before harvest with 24 hour .3) were used LifeSpan as a kind of Modified Atmosphere Packing only (control treatment). Measurements the properties which the quality of grapes depend on its like Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S %), total acidity, weight losses, shatter percentage, brown and rots percentage and diameter .storage grapes at Maintaining a low temperature is a primary consideration in securing cooling of grapes it’s 1±1. However, maintaining a high relative humidity of 95% and above during the storage is very important to minimize moisture loss and keep the stems in good condition and green.From this experiment, the LifeSpan and Bail oil was the best treatment with Sugraone (white grapes) and Crimson (red grapes). It got storage period until 60 days with very good quality.

HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds in 5 Seedless Table Grapes Grown in Apulian Region

Flavonoids present in skin extracts of red seedless table grape varieties Summer Royal, Autumn Royal, and Crimson, and white seedless varieties Carati and Thompson were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS, in 3 y of study (2006 to 2008). The anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding p-coumaroyl derivatives), peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (with their corresponding acetyl, caffeoyl, and p-coumaroyl derivatives) were found. In addition the flavonols quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and the flavan-3-ols procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and catechin were also detected. Anthocyanins were the main flavonoids in red grapes ranging from 24 (Crimson) to 500 (Summer Royal) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes; consistent levels of flavonols and flavan-3-ols were also quantified in all varieties. To determine the effective climatic influence on flavonoids content in field conditions, viticultural practices have been developed, that could exclude the effects of direct solar radiation from confounding the assessment of those related to thermal conditions alone. A strong positive correlation was determined between flavonoids and temperature data that seem to be responsible for the difference of these metabolites along the years; furthermore, it has been possible to define a linear relationship (R(2) = 0.6871, P = 0.0057) between thermal amplitude and total flavonoids values in the red grapes. Grapes are economically the most important fruit species in the world and approximately 30% of its production is used as fresh fruit. Because of the very important role of flavonoids in food quality as well as their health-promoting properties, and considering that our experiments were performed along 3 consecutive years, gathered results in this research are quite promising to give a useful information on the flavonoid contents and their evolution in 5 seedless table grapes that are widespread in Mediterranean regions but also in California and South America, and are grown in a viticultural climate (Apulia, South Italy) very close to some regions of Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, and Israel.

In-package use ofMuscodor albusvolatile-generating sachets and modified atmosphere liners for decay control in organic table grapes under commercial conditions

Introduction . In-package biofumigation with the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus was tested to control fungal decay in organic table grapes stored at a commercial packinghouse. Materials and methods . Sachets containing two different amounts of activated M. albus culture were inserted into shipping boxes containing approximately 4.5 kg of ‘Thompson Seedless’ or ‘Red Seedless’ table grapes. The volatiles were contained inside the boxes either by wrapping pallets of the boxes externally with plastic film after pre-cooling (pallet wrapping) or by using a modified atmosphere liner inside each box. Decay incidence was evaluated after 7 weeks of storage at 0 °C. Results . The M. albus sachets reduced decay incidence among ‘Red Seedless’ table grapes in both wrapped pallets and boxes with liners. In this cultivar, the modified atmosphere liner alone reduced decay incidence by about 70% and the M. albus treatment in the liner further reduced decay incidence, regardless of the amount of M. albus used. The combination of the M. albus sachet and the modified atmosphere liner proved to be the most effective decay control treatment. Decay incidence was lower among ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grapes and a significant decay control was only observed after the grapes had been allowed to warm up after storage with the 50-g rates applied inside the liner. No adverse effects were associated with the treatment or the liners. Discussion . Based on our results, biofumigation with M. albus sachets is compatible with the commercial handling of organic table grapes and could provide significant improvement in their shelf life.