Red Prawn Research Articles

Shaping pathways of the Musang King and Black Thorn in the Penang Island durian industry

ABSTRACT A quick Google search about Penang durians will immediately showcase a diversity of durian varieties like Red Prawn, Green Skin, and Khun Poh, in the Penang durio-tourism industry. Durio-tourism attracted tourists making Penang Island a hub where tourists could have a farm-to-table experience by learning the art of tasting durian varietals. This connoisseuring focus differs sharply from the situation encountered in durian plantations in other states in Malaysia which focus predominantly on producing and exporting two premium durians to China, Musang King and Black Thorn. However, this paper argues that Penang durian farmers are less committed to diversity than they are committed to ‘following the wind’. In-depth semi-structured interviews with durian farmers, sellers, tour guides and the Penang Department of Agriculture found that durian farmers had been grafting their durian trees to these premium varieties since the 1990s. Using practice theory, this paper explores the rationale of Penang Island durian farmers and agropreneurs’ practices as they ‘follow the wind’. These farmers’ practices grew alongside the structural availability of transportation mobility and governmental plans which led the farmers to create a vibrant and responsive community as they catered to various consumers and markets in the ever-changing landscape of the durian industry.

CATCH COMPOSITION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS LEVEL OF SONDONG FISHING GEAR LANDED AT THE FISHERY HARBOR OF RIAU PROVINCE

Sondong fishing gear is one of the dominant fishing gear used by fishermen in the UPT Fisheries port of Riau Province Dumai City, which, when operated, can scrape to the bottom of the waters. The specifications of sondong fishing gear affect the catch. This study aimed to determine the composition of catches based on type, length, and weight and explain the level of environmental friendliness of sondong fishing gear that refers to the FAO 1995 CCRF criteria and Taeran 2014 subcriteria. The method used in this research is a survey method, which is conducted by conducting interviews and collecting data directly in the field, then analyzing it using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the composition of the main catch was white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), red prawn (P.monodon), and kelong shrimp (P. indicus). At the same time, the bycatch was white pomfret (Pampus argenteus), gulamah (Pseudocienna amovensis), gangetic anchovy (Thryssa mystax), malung (Muraenesox cinereus), stingray (Dasyatis sp), and crab (Portunus pelagicus). The environmentally friendly level of sondong fishing gear, with a value of 16.43 from the interviews with 23 respondents using 8 criteria, states that sondong fishing gear is a category of fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly.

Postharvest quality indices of different durian clones at ripening stage and their volatile organic compounds

The aim of the present work was to characterize the quality of durians at consumptions stage. Seven clones of durian namely “Musang King”, “D24″, “D88″, “IOI”, “XO”, “Red Prawn” and “Black Thorn” were characterized based on their physiochemical properties. The organic acid contents, sugar compositions and β-carotene of durian clones were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC), while the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). There were significant differences on all the postharvest parameters in the selected durian clones. “Black Thorn” having orange pulp yieled the highest β-carotene content (4.55 × 10−5 kg/kg FW). The dominant sugars in the pulp of all durian clones were dominated by sucrose followed by glucose and fructose. Sulfur- and ester-containing compounds were the predominant VOCs found. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for the grouping of different durian clones based on VOCs.

Composition of the Stow Net Catches Operated at Full Moon Phase and Full Dark Moon Phase in Sialang Pasung Village Rangsang Barat District Meranti Islands Regency

Sialang Pasung waters as a part of Selat Air Hitam Waters were the area for operating tidal fishing gears. The height of tide is affect by the moon phase. This research undertaked to compare the catches of stow net as tidal fishing gear at highest tidal condition namely the full moon and the full dark phases. In the village of Sialang Pasung, regency Meranti Islands. This study revealed the composition and the bulk of catches of the stow net which is operated at both phases. The method used in this study is the survey method, collected all need data from the fishing operation spot.Filter net as a trap is classified as a passive fishing gear by utilizing the tidal migratory behavior of fish. So high tidal oscillations associated with moon phases could influence the catch of filter net. But this kind of scientific information, particularly on filter net, has not available yet. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effect of the moon phases on the catch of filter net; to identify the kind of catch and environmental factors. This research was done in Selat Air Hitam waters, based on descriptive method, starting from August 12nd- 14th, and September 25-28th 2018. The main catches of stow net of both phases were pepay shrimp (Mysis relicta), and anchovy fish Stolephorus indicus). While the by-catches are indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), Common Hairtail (Thirchius savala), Elongated Ilisha (Iisha elongata), Bombay duck (Horpodon neherus), Dorab wolf-herring (Chirocentrus dorab), Mullet ((Valamugil seheli), Gangetic anchovy (Tryssa mystax)), spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), vanname ((Litopenaeus vannamei), red prawn (Paneus monodon), Mud spiny lobster (Panulirus sp), Padachirus (Psettodes erumeri)), white pomfret (Pampus argentus), Sagor catfish (Hexanematichthys sagor) and Squid (Loligo sp.) and Spanish mackerel (Cybium commersoni). Full moon phase bring more catches than full dark moon phase in weight. The dominan catches during full moon Bombay duck and Common hairtail.

A Trypsin from Royal Red Prawn (Haliporoides sibogae) and its Possible Application for Collagen Hydrolysis

Trypsin was purified to homogeneity from hepatopancreas of royal red prawn by ammonium sulphate (400 g L−1–600 g L−1 saturation) precipitation, Benzamidine affinity column, and MonoQ column chromatography. Trypsin was purified to 91.0-fold with a yield of 12.1% and showed a single band on native-PAGE. Trypsin had a molecular weight of 27 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and temperature for Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-MCA hydrolysis were 9.0 and 50°C, respectively, while purified enzyme was stable to heat treatment up to 50°C and over a pH range of 7.0-11.0. Trypsin activity was strongly inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), and Pefabloc SC and was partially inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Apparent Km value of trypsin was 0.28 μM and kcat value was 656.44s−1 for Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-MCA. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 20 residues of trypsin was IVGGTVATPYEFPYQISFQD, which was highly homologous with those from other species of prawn. Purified trypsin also showed high collagenolytic activity toward prawn and shrimp collagens, suggested that it is possible to use for collagen’s hydrolysis.

Green Apples and Red Prawns: The Colour of Time in Peter Greenaway'sA Zed & Two Noughts(Z.0.0.)

Green Apples and Red Prawns: The Colour of Time in Peter Greenaway's<i>A Zed &amp; Two Noughts</i>(<i>Z.0.0.)</i>

Possible impacts of the greenhouse effect on commercial prawn populations and fisheries in New South Wales

Penaeid prawns are currently the second most important fisheries resource in New South Wales, being worth ~$25 million annually at the point of first sale. Four species comprise over 99% of commercial landings (Table 1). Eastern king prawns are exploited offshore from the Swains Reefs off southern Queensland. (21oS) to the Gippsland Lakes in eastern Victoria (38oS). The fishery operates year round north of South West Rocks, NSW (fig. 1) and between summer and winter south of there. School prawns are exploited offshore between Noosa heads in southern Queensland (26 oS) and Gippsland lakes from spring through to winter. Commercial and recreational estuarine fisheries for both of these species operate between Noosa Heads and Gippsland Lakes between spring and autumn. Likewise, greasyback prawns are cought between Noosa Heads and Gippsland Lakes from spring to autumn, but they are exploited only in estuaries. Royal red prawns are fished between Tweed Heads in northern NSW (28 oS) and Bermagui in southern NSW (36 oS) but only offshore. The seasonality of this lattr fishery varies between regions but tends to become more year round further to the north.

Growth, mortality and yield-per-recruit of deep-water royal red prawns (Haliporoides sibogae) off eastern Australia, using the length-based MULTIFAN method

The MULTIFAN method of Fournier et al. was used to analyse a series of monthly length-frequency distributions of deep-water royal red prawns (Haliporoides sibogae de Man, 1907, Solenoceridae) for the estimation of growth, mortality and yield-per-recruit. Length data were collected from commercial catches made between Latitude 33° and 35°S from November 1988 to May 1990. MULTIFAN distinguished six cohorts in the royal red prawn population, aged at 6 mo intervals from about 1.5 to 4 yr. Most prawns were between 2 and 3 yr of age. Females and males were fully recruited at 23.1 and 21.5 mm carapace length (CL) respectively, when about 2 yr old. Females grew faster and reached larger sizes at age than males (growth coefficient, K=0.37 yr-1 and asymptotic length, L ∞=48.3 mm CL for females, and K=0.49 yr-1 and L ∞=33.5 mm CL for males). Total mortality (Z) was estimated at 1.6 and 1.2 yr-1 for females and males, respectively. Approximate values for natural mortality (M) ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 yr-1 for females, and from 0.4 to 0.8 yr-1 for males. Analysis of yield-per-recruit suggested that while the current yield could possibly be increased by decreasing the length at first capture (L c ), there seems to be little potential for an increase in yield from increased fishing effort in the area currently fished.

Reproductive biology of commercially exploited deep-water royal red prawns (Haliporoides sibogae, Solenoceridae) in south-east Australia

Deep-water royal red prawns (Haliporoides sibogae de Man, 1907; Solenoceridae: Penaeidea) were sampled from commercial catches off south-east Australia between November 1988 and May 1990. Four stages of sexual development were distinguished macroscopically for each sex. For the females, histology and analysis of oocyte size were used to validate the macroscopic staging of ovaries into “undeveloped”, “developing”, “early ripe” and “ripe”. Females were larger than males, reaching a maximum size of 46 mm carapace length (CL) compared to 32 mm CL for males. Average size at sexual maturity was 30.8 mm CL for females and 25.8 mm CL for males. Females apparently breed several times in their life, whereas males probably breed only once. Individual fecundity (ranging from about 58 000 to 140 000 oocytes) was relatively low compared with other penaeids, but oocytes were larger (mean diameter=0.41 mm). Two short breeding seasons occurred per year (February to April and July to August). There was a clear size-related latitudinal distribution of the prawns, with largr prawns (spawners) being more abundant in the northern region of the fishing area, and juveniles (CL≤20 mm) being more abundant in the south. Most of the spawning stock probably lies outside the main fishing ground, while the fishery targets mainly prawns below the size at maturity.

Assessment of the Australian deep-water royal red prawn stock using commercial catch and effort data

Trends in standardized catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) were analyzed to assess the state of the deep-water royal red prawn ( Haliporoides sibogae) stock exploited off eastern Australia since the mid 1970s. Two aspects of uncertainty in using CPUE as an index of abundance were recognized. First, it was difficult to determine accurately the impact of the fishery on the prawn abundance because all the biological and/or technical factors influencing the CPUE could not be identified and quantified. Analyses of covariance showed that differences in vessel characteristics, period and location of fishing explained only part (33.9%) of the variability of CPUE. The second problem was related to the fact that the fishery exploited only part of the stock, and therefore, trends in CPUE reflected only trends in abundance for that part of the stock. The fishery was concentrated within 1° latitude (34°00′S–35°00′S), from 400 to 500 m deep, and declined markedly during winter months each year. These fishing patterns were more related to economic motivations than to the abundance of prawns which were apparently available year round and over a wider geographic range. Despite its limitations, analysis of CPUE provided useful information for a first appraisal of the state of the stock. The stability of annual landings (300–350 t) and standardized CPUE (300–400 kg per boat-day) since the early years of the fishery indicates that the royal red prawn stock is in a steady state under the current level of fishing effort.

Inorganic and organic arsenic in some commercial East Australian crustacea.

AbstractThe levels of inorganic and organic arsenic have been determined in a total of 86 samples of crustacea which included School prawns (Metapenaeus macleayi), King prawns (Penaeus plebejus), Royal Red prawns (Hymenopenaeus sibogae), Eastern Common crayfish (Jasus verreauxii), Blue Swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and Mud crab (Scylla serrata). Most samples were obtained from New South Wales coastal waters and the remainder were purchased at the Sydney fish markets. Inorganic arsenic was isolated by distillation as the chloride and determined by an atomic absorption‐hydride generation method. Organic arsenic was determined on the remaining solution by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the organic matter with a mixture of nitric, perchloric and sulphuric acids (25 + 5 +1). The Eastern Common crayfish contained the highest levels of inorganic and organic arsenic with ranges of 0.12–0.41 mg kg−1 and 11.9–54.1 mg kg−1 (wet basis), respectively. Of the remaining samples, 85% contained inorganic arsenic at &lt;0.1 mg kg−1 and 97% contained organic arsenic at &lt;7 mg kg−1. The absolute sensitivity and detection limit of the inorganic arsenic method was estimated to be 3 ng (0.03 mg kg−1). For the organic arsenic method the sensitivity and detection limits were estimated as 0.5 and 0.8 mg kg−1, respectively.

Pink Shrimps and Red Prawns

Pink Shrimps and Red Prawns

The relation between the scattering layer and the Euphausiacea.

The source of the scattering effect is not, at present, susceptible of direct proof, but if an organism could be found whose characteristics agreed with those of the layer on a sufficient number of points, then there would be a high probability that this is the actual source of the effect. From the diurnal migration of the layer there seems no room for doubt that it is caused by an animal. Of the animal population of the sea, three groups seem considerably more probable than any others, namely, fish, squid, and crustacea. There are certain arguments which make the latter the most likely, and if experimental tests now in progress show that the crustacea meet the acoustical requirements, then there will be little reason to consider either fish or squid.Of the crustacea, the small copepods may prove to be the source of shallow reverberation and possibly some very shallow layers. Euphausid shrimps are the dominant crustacean at the depth of the main scattering layer. These and large red prawns are the dominant crustacea at the depth of a still deeper layer which is briefly referred to. Euphausids occupy the same day level as the main layer, and execute a similar diurnal migration. The dominant species of euphausid varies geographically, and each species has a characteristic day level. Where it has been possible to make a comparison, there is reasonably good agreement between the geographical trend of the daytime depth of the layer and dominance of deep- or shallow-living euphausids. The euphausid population is generally a complex of a number of species. The recording instrument used does not give sufficient definition to show a number of separate layers under such conditions. Certain areas were examined where there was a simpler euphausid population with only two abundant species, and these had different characteristic levels. The bathygrams from this area showed two distinct layers on a number of occasions. The scattering layer is usually confined to deep water, and disappears or is replaced by one with different characteristics in shallow water. This parallels the distribution of oceanic euphausids, but would probably apply equally well to other oceanic animals. The same is true of the correlation found in the Mediterranean between the decrease eastwards of the scattering effect and the similar decrease of the total plankton, including euphausids. The relation found between the level of the scattering layer and illumination, and the modification of this by temperature, is that which would be predicted for euphausids, but also for other planktonic animals. In one type of scattering layer, a reversed type of diurnal migration has been recorded, the layer descending in the evening and ascending in the morning. It is believed that certain euphausids behave in this way. Such reversal is rare in zooplankton and we do not, at present, know of any other organism which makes as extensive a reversed migration as this particular layer. The characteristics required in an organism which could be the source of the scattering effect are met, in all cases in which they have been tested, by euphausids. They are met in only some cases by other planktonic forms. There seems, therefore, to be a considerable probability that it is euphausids which cause the effect.In the section on the biology of euphausids, a summary of relevant information for the North Atlantic area is made. On the basis of analyses of the bathygrams, a theory is proposed to explain the limiting action of temperature and illumination as environmental factors. It was found that, subject to the limitations of data at present available, the geographical distributions of various euphausid species, as predicted from hydrographic observations, agreed fairly well with that observed in net hauls. Most previous work on zooplankton has been confined to the shallower-living forms, so attention is drawn to the considerable differences in environmental conditions to which such deeper-living forms as euphausids are subject.Actual measurements of illumination at these depths have yet to be made. The attempt to compute the illumination and its changes under different conditions is discussed in the Appendix.