Red Pen Research Articles

Spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics for ink analysis: Document analysis application

This study represents a methodology to determine the falsified documents via a combined method of spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics. The techniques of UV–Vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies and principal component analysis methods have been applied to black, blue, and red ballpoint pens available in the Türkiye market. The analysis results of the applied spectroscopic techniques were found to be consistent with each other for the examined eleven ink samples from three different brands, and it was observed that FTIR-ATR spectroscopy had higher discriminative power. A dried sample preparation technique developed for small amounts of samples for FTIR-ATR measurements and the increased the sensitivity of FTIR-ATR technique was associated with this sample preparation method. Statistical techniques showed that the UV–Vis technique proves useful outcomes in distinguishing inks according to their colors, whereas the FTIR-ATR technique is valuable for identifying ink brands. Additional analysis of the sub-brand of black inks and falsified old-dated check sample analysis validated that our methodology has the potential to classify and identify ballpoint inks in forensic applications. Due to the limited sample quantity available for analysis in real samples, only FTIR-ATR analysis was possible, and the results demonstrated that document forgery could be detected from small parts of samples in the document. When we look at the overall outcome of this study, a comprehensive methodology enriched with statistical calculations has been proposed that can be applied even in a laboratory with limited resources, having only UV–Vis and FTIR-ATR capabilities.

Improving Completion Rates for Autism Screening - A Quality Improvement Project

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be the most well-known and most studied neurocognitive disorder responsible for developmental delay. The medical community, in response to the noted increase in prevalence, emphasized the importance of routine screenings at 18 months and 24 to 30 months of age. Ascension St. John Children’s Hospital Resident Clinic utilizes the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) or MCHAT for short, validated for ages 16 through 30 months. It was noted that screening is frequently missed or undocumented. Because of the need for timely diagnosis and intervention, these missed opportunities can be costly for children and their families. Purpose: To improve compliance with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendation to screen all children for ASD at 18 and 24 months of age. Methods: An educational lecture was provided to the pediatric residents to screen all children in the above age group being seen for a well-child visit. A visual reminder red pen mark was also applied to eligible patient charts as they were checked in. Baseline completion rates in two three month periods, one year before and three months after the intervention, were compared. Results: A total of 337 charts were reviewed with similar baseline characteristics between pre- and post-intervention groups. Overall MCHAT completion rates were lower after the intervention: 64% pre- vs. 49% post-intervention (p <0.05). Subgroup analysis of visits where screening was directly indicated (excluding ages 16-17 months, >24 month olds where a screen was already passed at a 24 month well visit, or children already diagnosed with autism, n = 281), had similar completion rates (67.5% and 64.5% respectively, p = 0.59). Conclusion: MCHAT completion did not improve after the combined intervention of a single, in-person lecture and visual reminder chart marking.

Exploring volatile organic profiles of red pen inks based on gas-chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and chemometric methods for forensic investigation purposes

Criminal cases involving questioned documents often cause the loss of a huge amount of money in a country. Red ballpoint pen inks found on threatening notes, or any official documents are potentially encountered by a forensic document examiner as questioned documents. Identifying sources of the questioned ink entries is paramount to revealing the authenticity or sources of the document. Despite the multitude of works being devoted to discriminating pen inks by their sources, very little is focused on the volatile fractions. In this study, the volatile compositional profiles of ten types of red ballpoint pen inks as acquired by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) were studied using various multivariate exploratory tools. Scores plot of principal component analysis reveals that inter-pen brand variation is higher than the inter-pen type variation. Meanwhile, hierarchical clustering analysis showed that 6 of the 10 pen types and all five pen brands could be discriminated. In conclusion, volatile organic compositions of red pen inks are useful in classifying the pen inks by brands. The outcome of the study will provide vital insight into the potential of volatile organic profiles in discriminating red pen inks sold in Malaysia.

The Materiality of Scribal Practice in Isaiah 8:1–2: Papyrus, Pens, and Authority in Inscribing Prophecy

Abstract Isaiah 8:1–2 is an elusive text, in regard to both its interpretation and its import. In these verses, YHWH commands Isaiah to write למהר שלל חש בז on a large גליון with a חרט אנוש. The writing surface, writing tool, and message are obscure and contested. However, I argue that the puzzle of Isaiah’s writing materials has not yet been persuasively solved, as scholarship has failed to consider Judah’s Egyptian scribal heritage. With this context, the prophet’s writing surface (גליון) can be correctly understood as a section of papyrus, and his tool (חרט אנוש) can be read as a red rush pen. These proposed identifications of Isaiah’s tools harmonize with comparative, etymological, epigraphic, and art-historical evidence for scribalism in the Levant and Egypt. Moreover, they illuminate the purpose and genre of YHWH’s message. It appears that Isaiah was borrowing the format and tropes of royal decrees, which were transcribed on large pieces of papyrus in front of witnesses. The use of red ink also hints at the text’s significance. The scene described in Isa 8:1–2 thus indicates that prophecy had taken on the garb of written record. The word of God was becoming not just an oral message but an authoritative document.

Notes about folk edition on social networks

In this paper, we aim to reflect about the practice that has become a theme of an Instagram page: the rewriting of journalistic news, so that the headline appears erased with red pen, adapting it paradigmatically to the ideological position of its folk editor. Thus, for such, we based ourselves on Almeida's reflections (2021), being used the theoretical-methodological contribution of the French-oriented Discourse Analysis, more specifically of Maingueneau (2008), in an integrative proposal with Folk Linguistics, according to Paveau (2008). Our main results indicated that such folk intervention goes beyond the linguistic field, acting also as a folk judicial intervention.

Application of Absorption Spectra to Study Order of Sequence in Intersecting Printed and Pen Strokes

This work is performed to establish chronological order in crossing strokes between printed stroke and pen strokes. Nine different types of pens including cello maxriter pen (black and blue), pilot pen (red and black), cello pointec pen (black and blue) and cello techno tip pen (red, black and blue) are used to produce pen strokes and for printed stroke Canon LBP 3300 printer is used. In the case of printed stroke, only black color stroke is applied. As a result, samples of both homogeneous and heterogeneous intersecting strokes are prepared. This work is based on the assumption that nature and peak characteristics of absorption spectra from crossing stroke should be similar to that of second stroke. Here, absorption spectra is generated by Video Spectral Comparator-6000 by using light of wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm. From this experiment, it is found to be possible to find chronological order for heterogeneous crossing strokes (crossing stroke of different colors) only if printed stroke is over pen stroke. It means, only if print is done over writing strokes from red and blue pen, then order of sequence of writing can be determined whereas in other cases it is not possible.

Pengenalan Tulisan Tangan Huruf Latin Bersambung Menggunakan Local Binary Pattern dan K-Nearest Neighbor

There are 26 Latin letters in Indonesia, 5 of which are vowels and 21 consonants. This study will translate handwriting with a Latin object using the K-Nearest Neighbor method with the Local Binary Pattern extension. The research is being done with a focus on experimentation using a few methods that have already been discussed. Concatenated Latin letters have a few variations that depend on the work's author, so research will be conducted to identify cursive Latin letters based on these variations. Each of the 30 respondents wrote 26 capital letters and 26 lowercase letters on paper, which was then scanned to provide the image data. Black, blue, and red pens were used to write by every ten responders. The recognition procedure is broken into two halves, capital and non-capital letter recognition using 780 picture datasets each. In the study, k-fold cross-validation is used, with k = 6. The best value was reached at k = 7 with 29.49 percent accuracy, 33.88 percent precision, recall 33.46 percent, and F1-score 27.65 percent according to the research utilizing KNN with values k = 3, 5, and 7. and for recognizing non-capital characters, the best result was found at k=3 with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 26.28, 27.27, and 22.7%, respectively.

Investigation and Discrimination of Ballpoint Pen Inks by Analytical Techniques and Chemometrics.

A population study has been performed for Pakistani ballpoint pen inks of blue, black, red, and green colors (a total of four colors) commercially used in Pakistan. Ballpoint pen inks have been investigated and discriminated by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. We have calculated and compared the results in terms of discriminating power (DP). The statistical techniques of principal component analysis and cluster analysis have been applied on obtained data. By visual comparison, the best DP is obtained for green ballpoint pen inks, i.e., 0.866 by using UV/Vis spectroscopy and FTIR techniques. Black and red ballpoint pen inks showed the highest DPs by using UV/Vis spectroscopy; however, blue ballpoint pen inks got the highest DP by using FTIR spectroscopy. DP has been improved by using chemometric techniques and higher DPs are obtained as compared to visual examination.

Pulpit of Performative Reason

AbstractThis essay observes that a hostile relationship to religion is an elemental component of contemporary debates about gender and sexuality, and this hostility has its origin in a specific movement, freethought. A long line of Anglophone self-described freethinkers argues that human beings embrace religions because they cannot think without direction. TERF voices echo this explanation as they seek to right what they determine are wrong figurations of gender. The freethinker's ritual presentation requires standing at a pulpit determined by their claimed associations with and commitment to reason, and then correcting someone else's view of themselves with a red pen in front of a crowd. Understanding TERFs, and their ability to declare what gender is and is not, requires a foray into the history of religions to perceive why this is such a tenacious prejudicial rite of modernity.

Falling into the Gaps, Together: On Peer Review as Intellectual Accompaniment

Falling into the Gaps, Together: On Peer Review as Intellectual Accompaniment

Raman spectroscopy with self-organizing feature maps and partial least squares discriminant analysis for discrimination and source correspondence of red gel ink pens

• Novel study reporting on discrimination and source correspondence of red gel ink using Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOFM) and Partial Least Square in tandem with non-destructive techniques of Raman Spectroscopy. • Unsupervised Self-Organising Feature Maps (SOFM) was initially used for data exploration. • Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis was used as classification model. • Correct prediction rate (100%) for all unknown samples according to specific type of colorants using the trained PLS-DA model.

Tyndall-Effect-inspired assay with gold nanoparticles for the colorimetric discrimination and quantification of mercury ions and glutathione

This work initially reports a new nanosening method for simple, sensitive, specific, visual detection of mercury (II) (Hg2+) and glutathione (GSH) using the Tyndall Effect (TE) of the same colloidal gold nanoparticle (GNP) probes for efficient colorimetric signaling amplification. For the TE-inspired assay (TEA) method, arginine (Arg) molecules are pre-modified on the GNPs' surfaces (Arg-GNPs). Upon the Hg2+ introduction, it can be specifically coordinated with the terminal –NH2 and –COOH groups of the Arg molecules to make the Arg-GNPs aggregate, producing a significantly-enhanced TE signal in the reaction solution after its irradiation by a 635-nm red laser pointer pen. On the other hand, the introduction of the GSH results in the production of the original Arg-GNPs’ weak TE response, as it is able to bind such metal ion via mercury-thiol reactions to inhibit the above aggregation. Under the optimal conditions, the utility of the new TEA method is well demonstrated to quantitatively detect the Hg2+ and GSH with the aid of a smartphone as a portable TE reader during the linear concentration ranges of 50–3000 and 10–3000 nM, respectively. The detection limits for the Hg2+ and GSH are estimated to be as low as ∼3.5 and ∼0.3 nM, respectively. The recovery results obtained from the detection of Hg2+ in the complex tap and pond water samples and the assay of GSH in real human serum and urine samples are also satisfactory.

Professor Martin Ritzén on his time as co-editor: 'I went back on my promise and never took over after Rolf'.

Professor Martin Ritzén has been engaged with Acta Paediatrica since the 1980s (Figure 1). It was then that he was published for the first time in the journal. Since then, he has followed its development from paper manuscripts with corrections in red pen, all the way to the transition to ‘online’. His involvement nearly led to a position as editor-in-chief. In 1970 I came home after a year as a fellow at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where I had quickly learned the fundamentals of clinical paediatric endocrinology and made valuable contacts. A lab in the newly built Clinical Research Laboratory was then there waiting for me. My research at that time was more preclinical and was published in other journals. My first publication in Acta wasn’t until 1980. Associate professor -- later professor -- Carl Gustaf (C.G.) Bergstrand at that time took care of the basic work at the journal as associate editor and presented all suggestions to Rolf. Bergstrand did thorough work -- one got paper manuscripts returned with his handwritten notes in the margins. Like a corrected school report! I think it was 1988. Rolf Zetterström, editor-in-chief since a long time back, recruited me as associate editor when Bergstrand resigned and instead became an honorary editor. The chairman of the foundation, Stig Sjölin, a few years later wanted me to promise that I would take over as editor-in-chief when Rolf would one day decide to end his editorship. He didn’t do that for a very long time. I went back on my promise and never took over after Rolf. During my first year, Almqvist & Wiksell was Acta’s publisher. It had an office on Old Bridge Street, in the Stockholm city centre, where I went for some time each week. Manuscripts were presented to me in folders, which became thicker with every revision. All correspondence happened through ‘snail mail’. Later, Rolf and I came to sit in neighboring offices, and I often got the honor of participating in sandwich lunches with Rolf and four other senior professors. At those lunches, many unofficial glimpses into Karolinska Institute’s history were exchanged. Rolf was familiar with it all! Without doubt it is the transition to digital manuscripts and the correspondence between the editorial office, authors and reviewers. The paper bundles vanished. Because it has kept its character as a journal of general paediatrics, primarily aimed at clinical paediatricians. Many other paediatric journals have chosen to focus on narrow subspecialties.

Harm minimisation for the management of self-harm: a mixed-methods analysis of electronic health records in secondary mental healthcare.

Prevalence of self-harm in the UK was reported as 6.4% in 2014. Despite sparse evidence for effectiveness, guidelines recommend harm minimisation; a strategy in which people who self-harm are supported to do so safely. To determine the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of those who self-harm and practise harm minimisation within a London mental health trust. We included electronic health records for patients treated by South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. Using an iterative search strategy, we identified patients who practise harm minimisation, then classified the approaches using a content analysis. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics with that of a control group of patients who self-harm and do not use harm minimisation. In total 22 736 patients reported self-harm, of these 693 (3%) had records reporting the use of harm-minimisation techniques. We coded the approaches into categories: (a) 'substitution' (>50% of those using harm minimisation), such as using rubber bands or using ice; (b) 'simulation' (9%) such as using red pens; (c) 'defer or avoid' (7%) such as an alternative self-injury location; (d) 'damage limitation' (9%) such as using antiseptic techniques; the remainder were unclassifiable (24%). The majority of people using harm minimisation described it as helpful (>90%). Those practising harm minimisation were younger, female, of White ethnicity, had previous admissions and were less likely to have self-harmed with suicidal intent. A small minority of patients who self-harm report using harm minimisation, primarily substitution techniques, and the large majority find harm minimisation helpful. More research is required to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of harm-minimisation techniques and update national clinical guidelines.

Leah Feldman, On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus

Reviewed by: On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus by Leah Feldman Samuel Hodgkin Leah Feldman. On the Threshold of Eurasia: Revolutionary Poetics in the Caucasus. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. 292 pp. Cloth, $59.95. ISBN: 978-1501726507. The traditional inclusion of humanistic scholarship on modern Transcaucasia within Russian and Soviet nationalities studies rather than Middle Eastern studies is, at least in the first instance, not an intellectually motivated categorization but an accident of the contiguity between area studies boundaries and imperial borders. As such, it has sometimes elided relevant cultural and philological context, and occluded productive comparisons in favor of more tenuous ones. In other cases, scholars focused on the Transcaucasia-Russia relationship have produced brilliant scholarship reflecting deep situated knowledge of at least one Transcaucasian language and cultural tradition, which suggests new insights and avenues of investigation for Middle East scholars focused on the Turco-Persian cultural zone. On the Threshold of Eurasia is this latter kind of work: one of very few major comparatist studies of Turkic literary modernism, which is, because of disciplinary boundaries, at risk of being overlooked by scholars of late Ottoman and Turkish Republican literature. Insofar as the book is concerned with Turkic Muslim and Russian literature produced in Transcaucasia between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the consolidation of Stalinism in the late 1920s, both its periodization and its axis of exchange and comparison are Russo-Soviet. But Feldman's reading of this corpus takes seriously the entanglement of both Russian revolutions with contemporaneous transformations in the Ottoman/Turkish and Qajar/Pahlavi domains, and many of the book's central texts participate in that entanglement. Discussing Celil Memmedquluzade's 1909 adaptation of a Nikolai Gogol play, which recounts an unscrupulous Isfahani mullah's con of an ignorant Azerbaijani village, Feldman shows how Azerbaijani writers and critics used Shi'ite taziye to align revolutionary politics with the Schillerian ideal of theater as ritual. A transnational Turkic genealogy of Futurism emerges from her [End Page 284] consideration of uses of the folk ballad (türkü) genre by the Azeri poet Süleyman Rüstem and his more famous Turkish colleague Nâzım Hikmet. Throughout, a touchstone for Feldman and her subjects alike is Mirze Feteli Axundzade/Axundov, who had played such a transformative role in the literary and language politics of Romanov, Ottoman, and Qajar domains in the previous century. Through a reconsideration of his epistles and his famous mersiye on the death of Pushkin, the book moves beyond national historiographies of literary modernization to give us a heterodox but intertextually situated Axundov that should become essential reading for scholars of Turkish and Iranian literary modernity. Part I of the book is a reception study of the Russian literature of empire, focusing on that tradition's immensely productive misreadings and reworkings by Azerbaijani subjects. The first chapter takes as its case study the reception of Gogol in the circle of writers surrounding the satirical journal Mulla Nasruddin, while the second shows various ways that Pushkin was repurposed. Part II presents an early Soviet study in contrast through two asymmetrical chapters. The third chapter is concerned with the avant garde art and theory produced by Russian exiles in Baku during and after the Civil War, and it implicates this avant garde in the ideological translatio imperii from Romanov to Bolshevik rule. The fourth chapter, focused on the literary grouping of the Red Pens (Qızıl qelemler), celebrates the praxis instantiated by the "brief period of avant-garde Azeri poetry," which "in its very confusion of forms between languages and poetic traditions, produced the very sort of organic synthesis and worldly poetic experiments that the Russian futurists had imagined" (p. 215). Note the asymmetry: this synthesis and these experiments, though Russian modernists could theorize them, were beyond their capacity to create, as they instead carried the voice and tropes of empire into the postrevolutionary world. Meanwhile, the national writers of Transcaucasia were busy realizing these theories as literary practice, largely unbeknownst to the Russian avant-gardists who lived among them. The book's political wager for the present, declared most explicitly in the introduction, is that in a time...

Photoperiodism and pen colouration: effects on the performance characteristics of growing gilts

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of photoperiod and pen colouration on growth performance characteristics of grower gilts. Forty-eight crossbred (Large white x Landrace) grower gilts at 16 weeks of age with mean body weight of 16.82±0.26 kg were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments. Pens were painted with different colours: pantone441 (control), pantone293 (blue), pantone185 (red) and pantone361 (green) and exposed to photoperiods of 12, 15 and 18 hours (h). The experimental design was 4x3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. Performance parameters measured were Feed Intake (FI), Final Weight (FW) and Weight Gain (WG), while Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated weekly throughout the 8 weeks of the experiment. Respiratory and rectal temperatures were monitored. The ambient temperature-humidity index (THI) was also monitored. The main effect of pen colour showed significant (p<0.05) variations in FW and WG of gilts with values ranging from 33.68±0.78 kg (red) to 31.00±2.13 kg (green) and 2.10±0.10 kg (red) to 1.77±0.25 kg (green) respectively. Significant reduction was observed in the FCR of gilts in red pens (4.02±0.30) compared to their counterparts in blue (5.05±0.79), green (4.54±0.75) and control (4.13±0.22) pens. However, photoperiod had no significant effects on FW and WG across the treatments. Gilts in 12 h photoperiod had the highest significant (p<0.05) FI and FCR of 9.21±1.68 kg and 4.84±0.83 compared to 7.97±0.19 kg and 4.22±0.52 recorded for gilts exposed to 18h photoperiod respectively. Interactions of pen colour x photoperiods: control pen x 12 h (32.18±0.57), blue pen x 12 h (33.00±1.41), red pens x 12 h (34.25±0.50) and green pens x 12 h (29.00±0.82) was significant for FW. The same trend was also observed for WG, FI and FCR. The THI varied from 79.5 to 71.5 throughout the period of the experiment. It can therefore be concluded that increasing the photoperiod (hour of day-length) beyond 12 hours may not lead to additional positive impact on the weight changes of gilts but resulted in better feed conversion ratio.However, gilts housed in red pen had better feed utilisation.

Direct Optical Patterning of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes via In Situ Ligand Exchange.

Precise patterning of quantum dot (QD) layers is an important prerequisite for fabricating QD light-emitting diode (QLED) displays and other optoelectronic devices. However, conventional patterning methods cannot simultaneously meet the stringent requirements of resolution, throughput, and uniformity of the pattern profile while maintaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the patterned QD layers. Here, a specially designed nanocrystal ink is introduced, "photopatternable emissive nanocrystals" (PENs), which satisfies these requirements. Photoacid generators in the PEN inks allow photoresist-free, high-resolution optical patterning of QDs through photochemical reactions and in situ ligand exchange in QD films. Various fluorescence and electroluminescence patterns with a feature size down to ≈1.5 µm are demonstrated using red, green, and blue PEN inks. The patterned QD films maintain ≈75% of original PLQY and the electroluminescence characteristics of the patterned QLEDs are comparable to thopse of non-patterned control devices. The patterning mechanism is elucidated by in-depth investigation of the photochemical transformations of the photoacid generators and changes in the optical properties of the QDs at each patterning step. This advanced patterning method provides a new way for additive manufacturing of integrated optoelectronic devices using colloidal QDs.

Literatura antimordaça. Escritoras e escritas silenciadas durante o franquismo. um estudo pela perspectiva de gênero

Resumo Este artigo explora as ações do poder ditatorial no campo da censura literária durante o regime franquista nos anos de 1940 e 1950 mediante distintos “expedientes de censura”. O estudo aprofunda-se na questão do controle vigilante e sua legislação censora, ao mesmo tempo em que investiga os espaços de resistência que o coletivo de escritoras encontrou para que suas obras pudessem ser publicadas, averiguando as estratégias que as escritoras empregaram para evitar a temida caneta vermelha de seus vigilantes. Além disso, apresenta-se o modo como as escritoras sofreram com as ferrenhas políticas de gênero que limitavam suas ações à esfera privada.

Determination of Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G dyes in Various Ink Samples by Zero Crossing Method: First Derivative Spectrophotometry

A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for resolving binary mixtures of Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G dyes of red ballpoint pen ink using the first-derivative spectra with measurements at zero-crossing wavelengths. Calibration graphs were linear up to 8 mg L-1 for Rhodamine B and 10 mg L-1 for Rhodamine 6G. This method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of dyes having overlapping spectra in their bi-component mixtures. The applied derivative method is practical, simple, rapid, inexpensive and suitable for quantitative analysis of bi-component dye solutions in the ballpoint pen ink.

Violence Reframed: Constructing Subjugated Individuals as Agents, Not Images, through Screen Narratives

Violence Reframed: Constructing Subjugated Individuals as Agents, Not Images, through Screen Narratives