Red Oils Research Articles

First Isolation and Characterization of Sodium and Potassium Tellurocarboxylates: Structural Analysis of Te-Alkyl Telluroester.

The first synthesis and characterization of sodium and potassium tellurocarboxylates were achieved by the reaction of acyl chlorides with the corresponding alkali metal tellurides. The salts are yellow to red solids or oils. The aliphatic derivatives are very sensitive toward oxygen and very thermally sensitive. However, the aromatic derivatives are relatively stable and can be stored for 1 week below -5 degrees C and under oxygen-free conditions. The most practical method for the synthesis of Te-alkyl telluroesters was established by the reaction of the sodium and potassium tellurocarboxylates with alkyl iodides at 0 degrees C. The first X-ray structural analysis of telluroesters (RCOTeR') was carried out for Te-methyl 4-chlorobenzenecarbotelluroate (4-ClC(6)H(4)COTeCH(3)), whose crystals are monoclinic (P2(1)/a) with a = 5.975(3) Å, b = 14.517(2) Å, c = 10.617(3) Å, beta = 92.74(3) degrees, V = 919.8(4) Å(3), and Z = 4. The molecule was nearly planar. The C=O and C-Te bond lengths are 1.204(3) and 2.153(3) Å, respectively, indicating C=O double and C-Te single bonds. The C-Te-C angle of the C(O)TeCH(3) moiety is close to a right angle (92.3 degrees ), much more narrow compared with those [C-E-C, E = O (>105 degrees ), S (>102 degrees ), Se (>95)] of common esters and thio- and selenoesters (ArC(O)ER', E = O, S, Se; R' = alkyl). The nu(C=O) bands and the (13)C=O and (125)Te NMR spectra of the sodium and potassium tellurocarboxylates are discussed in comparison with those of other alkali metal or oxygen, sulfur, and selenium isologues.

Lithium Tellurocarboxylates: Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract A series of lithium tellurocarboxylates (1) were obtained as orange to red oils containing an equivalent of THF and LiCl from the reaction of acyl chlorides with lithium telluride. The salts (1) are extremely sensitive towards oxygen. Lithium benzenecarbotelluroate (1d) reacted with isopropyl iodide to give Te-isopropyl ester as main product. In contrast, the reaction of lithium telluroacetate with methyl iodide to afford 4-iodobutyl acetate in 68 % yield. The reaction mechanism discussed.

Anodic behaviour of aluminium in halogenated media. Electrogenerated alkylation catalysts

The anodic dissolution of aluminium in electrolytes in which alkyl- mono- or polyhalides are present together with aromatic compounds, gives rise to the in situ formation of the well known Friedel-Crafts catalysts, promoting the chemical alkylation of the aromatic ring with the halide. A chemical reaction dissolving aluminium is activated by the electrochemical one, and , after the passage of a limited amount of charge, becomes predominant. At this stage the process becomes strongly exothermic, cannot be controlled by electrochemical means and proceeds until one of the reagents, aluminium or the halide, is almost completely consumed. The resulting “red oils” are good catalysts even for alkylations in which halides different from the starting one are employed.

Zur Kenntnis der gemeinsamen Einwirkung von elementarem Selen und gasförmigem Ammoniak bzw. Ethylenimin auf Ketone

Elemental sulfur reacts with ketones and gaseous ammonia at room temperature yielding thiazoline-3 in excellent yields. Under the same conditions elemental selenium does not react at all. Attempts using the known techniques which have been applied in improving the reactivity of slowly reacting ketones in thiazoline-3-synthesis have been unsuccessful (Exp. No. 1–17). The reaction of α-halogenketones with sodiumhydrogenselenide to synthesize α-hydroselenoketones gives only the original ketones and selenium in almost quantitative yields (No. 18–23). The same is observed with α-haloketones and sodium ore magnesium-diselenides (No. 24–45). The explanation of these unexpected results is the strong reducing power of the hydrogenselenide (No. 46–52). Even α-bromoketones with activated bromine (i.g. by phenyl groups) were reduced by sodiumhydrogensulfide giving red undefinite oils. However, α-chloroketones give α-mercaptoketones in excellent yields (No. 53–61). Hydrogenselenide reduces α-mercaptoketones to sulfur and ketones in the presence of triethylamine (No. 62–67). Also the transformation of α-selenocyanketones to α,α′-diketodisenides by alkali or the oxidative hydrolysis of selenium-“BUNTE” salts does not work and gives elementary selenium only. Studies about the concomitant reaction of elementary selenium and ethylenimine on ketones were continued (No. 68–82).

Phosphaacetylenehexacarbonyldicobalt complexes: new cluster lewis bases

The reaction of RCCl 2 PCl 2 (R = CH 3, C 6 H 5, (CH 3) 3 Si) with dicobalt octacarbonyl in THF at −78°C gave the new (RCP)Co 2(CO) 5 complexes, which contain the CPCo 2 cluster unit, as air-sensitive red oils. The complex with R = CH 3 reacted with (OC) 5M-THF to give the corresponding M(CO) 5 (M = Cr, W) adducts and the complex with R = C 6H 5 could be acetylated in the para position with CH 3 C(O)Cl/AlCl 3.

Determination of safrole in red camphor oils by infrared spectra

赤外吸収スペクトル法によりショウノウ赤油中のサフロールの定量を検討した.赤外法で試料中のサフロールを直接定量することは,共存成分による吸収帯との重複のためサフロールのkey bandを選ぶことができず困難であったので,薄層クロマトグラフ法(以下TLC法と略記)およびシリカゲルクロマトグラフ法により干渉成分除去を目的とした前処理法を検討したところ,展開溶媒の極性を順次変えることによりサフロールの定量的単離が可能となり,key bandとしてサフロールの1040cm-1およびサフロール溶出液中に少量残存するn-ヘキサンの1380cm-1を用いて2成分系で精度よく定量することができた.

Investigation of Egyptian Basil Essential Oils by Simple Chromatographic Method

Two kinds of basil oil are produced in Egypt under the so-called white and red basil oils. The present study reveals the occurrence of terpineol, linalool, cineole, citral, eugenol, esterified terpineol, geraniol, linalool, and citronellol with acetic and formic acids (geranyl and/or citronellyl acetate, linalyl and/or terpinyl acetate and citronellyl formate) a sesquiterpene alcohol (nerolidol?) and unidentified terpenes in both types of oil. The red type contains in addition methyl chavicol and cinnamic acid ester. The white type contains methyl cinnamate and (safrol?). A simple economic method for the oil investigation is described.

New uses are still being found for GROCO RED OILS & WHITE OLEINES

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New uses are still being found for GROCO RED OILS & WHITE OLEINES

Swift's exclusive process makes low cost Red Oils available to do many high quality jobs

Swift's exclusive process makes low cost Red Oils available to do many high quality jobs

STUDIES IN THE POLYOXYPHENOL SERIES: VII. THE OXIDATION OF VANILLIN WITH SODIUM CHLORITE AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE

Vanillin almost instantly reduced 1.2 to 1.5 moles of aqueous chlorine dioxide at 20 °C. or 5 °C. and any pH between 1.2 and 6.5, and a white crystalline substance with the composition of a dihydroxyvanillin, C7H5O4(OCH3), was isolated in roughly 25% yield independently of the pH. When oxidized with aqueous sodium chlorite at 20 °C. and pH 0.5, these crystals gave another crystalline substance with the composition of a dihydroxyvanillic acid, C7H5O5(OCH3). Although both these substances decomposed readily to red oils and then to brown powders free of methoxyl groups, seven well characterized derivatives were prepared. The results showed that the substances were unsaturated, monohydroxy, diketone tautomers of a dihydroxyvanillin and the corresponding dihydroxyvanillic acid, but precise structures could not be assigned. Parallel oxidations of vanillin with aqueous sodium chlorite at 20 °C. and pH 6 proceeded at a negligible rate, but near pH 5 a reaction that often seemed autocatalytic produced about 19% of 5-chlorovanillin. At pH 4 the aldehyde C7H5O4(OCH3) was isolated in 19% yield; at pH 1 this aldehyde (15%) was mixed with 7.7% of the corresponding acid C7H5O5(OCH3), but at pH 0.5 the latter alone was produced (28%). Chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite therefore differed markedly in their oxidizing action and in the effect of pH upon it. When acting on vanillin, both oxidants also produced deep red, unstable oils with quinone-like properties and often containing chlorine.

Application of urea complexes in the purification of fatty acids, esters, and alcohols. I. Oleic acid from inedible animal fats

SummaryUrea complex formation has been employed in the preparation of purified oleic acid (oleic acid content, 80–95%) from various grades of inedible animal fats and red oils. Since the urea complex of oleic acid forms in good yield at room temperature, low temperatures are not required in the isolation procedure. Yields of oleic acid are equal to or lower than those obtained by conventional low‐temperature crystallization procedures, but the preparation of a polyunsaturate‐free oleic acid is apparently not possible by urea complex formation alone. The separation of polyunsaturated acids from oleic acid by urea complex formation is more convenient than but not as efficient as by solvent crystallization, but separation of saturated acids from unsaturated acids is less convenient.Advantages and disadvantages in using urea in the preparation of purified oleic acid are briefly discussed.

Vitamin A and D Potencies of Liver and Intestinal Oils of Red, Black and Ling Cod

The vitamin A potency of the liver and intestines tends to increase with the size of the fish in Sebastodes, Anoplopoma and Ophiodon, and is similar to that reported for halibut. The vitamin D potency of the intestinal oil is low but rather high in red and ling cod liver oils. The percentage of oil in the intestines of these fish is considerably higher than that of halibut.