Red GR Research Articles

The accelerating effect and mechanism of a newly functional bio-carrier modified by redox mediators for the azo dyes decolorization

In this study, a functional bio-carrier modified by redox meditors was developed as a redox mediator for application in azo dye decolorization processes. Its accelerating effect and mechanism for azo dyes decolorization were also examined. The decolorization rates of 10 azo dyes were enhanced about 1.5-3 fold by the functional bio-carrier modified with disperse turquoise blue S-GL, and the ORP value during the acid red GR decolorization process was changed to a more negative value of 20-25mV. Non-dissolved redox mediator on the functional bio-carrier played a similar role as NADH during the azo dyes decolorization process. At the same time, the functional bio-carrier exhibited good reusability and the combinational technology of the redox mediator and bio-carrier was a great improvement of the redox mediator application and represents a new bio-treatment concept.

Biodegradation of textile azo dye by Shewanella decolorationis S12 under microaerophilic conditions

The complete biodegradation of azo dye, Fast Acid Red GR, was observed under microaerophilic conditions by Shewanella decolorationis S12. Although the highest decolorizing rate was measured under anaerobic condition and the highest biomass was obtained under aerobic condition, a further biodegradation of decolorizing products can only be achieved under microaerophilic conditions. Under microaerophilic conditions, S. decolorationis S12 could use a range of carbon sources for azo dye decolorization, including lactate, formate, glucose and sucrose, with lactate being the optimal carbon source. Sulfonated aromatic amines were not detected during the biotransformation of Fast Acid Red GR, while H(2)S formed. The decolorizing products, aniline, 1,4-diaminobenzene and 1-amino-2-naphthol, were followed by complete biodegradation through catechol and 4-aminobenzoic acid based on the analysis results of GC-MS and HPLC.

Bioaugmentation of the decolorization rate of acid red GR by genetically engineered microorganism Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR)

The study showed that the genetically engineered microorganism (GEM) bioaugment successfully the dye wastewater biotreatment systems to enhance acid red GR (ARGR) removal. Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was the GEM with higher azoreductase activity. The kinetics of the ARGR decolorization by the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) agreed with Andrews model. The kinetic parameters, rdye,max, Ks and Ki, were found to be 42.45 mg g−1 h−1, 584.93 mg L−1 and 556.89 mg L−1, respectively. The E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was tested in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) in order to enhance the ARGR decolorization. The decolorization rate of ARGR was affected by the amount of E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) inoculation and the best amount of inoculation was 10%. The continuous operations of the four bioreactors with different E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) immobilization supports showed that the E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) could bioaugment decolorization in AnSBRs with suspended and immobilized on macroporous foam carriers. For 42 days continuous operation in the AnSBRs, both the tolerance to ARGR concentration shock and the decolorization rate in these two bioaugmented AnSBRs are higher than those of the other two systems, control system and bioaugmented AnSBRs system with the sodium-alginate immobilized cells, the decolorization rate reached 90%. Changes in microbial community were detected by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), which revealed that the introduced E. coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR) was persistent in the augmented systems and maintained higher metabolic activity.

Determination of bulk mass transfer coefficient of biosorption on sludge granule based on liquid membrane mass transfer mechanism

A bulk mass transfer coefficient (BMTC) equation was derived from the mechanism of mass transfer in surface liquid membrane in this study, which was based on the analysis of biosorption process, conservation of mass in sludge granule and the unification of the dimension. A biosorption experiment was carried out in which anoxic sludge from an anoxic baffled reactor for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment was used to adsorb Acid Red GR dye. The results showed that there was a linear regression curve between ln [ q e/( q e− q)] ( q e and q were the amount adsorbed at equilibrium and at time t, respectively.) and time t. There was also a good agreement between the adsorbate amount measured and that predicted by the equation of BMTC. The BMTC of Acid Red GR dye adsorbed by anoxic sludge was 6.816 kg m −3 min −1. Experimental results indicated that the BMTC determined by a simple adsorptive experiment using this equation was credible. It could be a feasible and effective way to determine BMTC of activated sludge for biosorption performance.

Decolorization of triphenylmethane, azo, and anthraquinone dyes by a newly isolated Aeromonas hydrophila strain

A broad-spectrum dye-decolorizing bacterium, strain DN322, was isolated from activated sludge of a textile printing wastewater treatment plant. The strain was characterized and identified as a member of Aeromonas hydrophila based on Gram staining, morphology characters, biochemical tests, and nearly complete sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene and the gyrase subunit beta gene (gyrB). Strain DN322 decolorized a variety of synthetic dyes, including triphenylmethane, azo, and anthraquinone dyes. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 5.0-10.0 and 25-37 degrees C, respectively. Triphenylmethane dye, e.g., Crystal Violet, Basic Fuchsin, Brilliant Green, and Malachite Green (50 mg l(-1)) were decolorized more than 90% within 10 h under aerobic culture condition and Crystal Violet could be used as sole carbon source and energy source for cell growth. The color removal of triphenylmethane dyes was due to a soluble cytosolic enzyme, and the enzyme was an NADH/NADPH-dependent oxygenase; For azo and anthraquinone dyes, e.g., Acid Amaranth, Great Red GR, Reactive Red KE-3B, and Reactive Brilliant Blue K-GR (50 mg l(-1)) could be decolorized more than 85% within 36 h under anoxic condition. This strain may be useful for bioremediation applications.