Red Ginger Research Articles

Metode SVM Untuk Klasifikasi Enam Tumbuhan Zingiberaceae Menggunakan Variabel Terpilih Hasil Algoritma Genetika

Ginger, red ginger, emprit ginger, elephant ginger, red galangal and white galangal are known to have similar shapes and uses, especially those that are packaged in powder form. In this study, UV-Vis spectrum 200nm-700nm were used as a source of data from chemical compound contain in those plants for classification of the six plants. In this research, the support vector machine (SVM) classification method was used to classify the six plants. Another goal of this study was to identify the wavelengths which give more information about the chemical compound of the plants. The preprocessing procedure was implemented by construction of a genetic algorithm. There were four parameters in the genetic algorithm were set namely population size, crossover probability, mutation, and generation probability. The mutation and the population size influenced significantly the results of SVM. The best result was given by probability of mutation was 10 and population size was 30. The SVM model was better than the SVM model without preprocessing procedure.

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKTRAK DAUN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus Epidermidis DAN Escherichia Coli

Infectious disease is one of the diseases caused by microbes, including bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The selection of medicinal plants as an alternative solution is an effective way of reducing the resistance of bacteria. Based on the empirical data, herbal plants with antimicrobial potential are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). This research aimed to determine the inhibition test on Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia coli due to phytochemical compounds contained in the leaves of red ginger which serve as an antibacterial. Through this experimental laboratory research, a crude drug was extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent. The phytochemical screening results of n-hexane extract showed that red ginger leaves contain alkaloids and terpenoids; chloroform extract contains alkaloids, steroids, and tannins; ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins; and the methanol extract contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. Chloramphenicol and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as the positive control and negative control respectively. Inhibition test results were obtained from the four n-hexane extracts, chloroform extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, and methanol extracts with three different concentrations.The results obtained the greatest inhibition against Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteria, namely at a concentration of 20% chlorform extract of red ginger leaves as large as 18,90 mm. Meanwhile, the inhibition of Escherichia Coli is at a concentration of 20% n-hexane extract with an inhibitory power of 17,84 mm inhibition zone that is classified as a strong category to inhibit the growth of bacteria .The results of the One Way ANOVA data analysis (p less than 0.01) with a confidence level of 99%.

ISOLASI SENYAWA AKTIF DAN UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains many chemical compounds that have many activities. This study aims to determine the active compounds of Zingiber officinale and immunomodulatory activity that can increase the phagocytosis of macrophage cells and lymphocyte cell proliferation. Red ginger extract compounds were identified using GC-MS. The parameters of immunostimulatory activity were macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation, the preparations were made in several extract concentrations. This research is an experimental study in the laboratory. The research included fresh red ginger, made into ethanol extract, dried. The results were made a suspension, the extract was then given to macrophage cells (phagocytosis testing) and lymphocyte cells (proliferation testing) in vitro to test the immunomodulatory effect. The results showed that the most active extract in macrophage phagocytosis activity was the extract concentration of 500 ppm. While the activity of lymphocyte proliferation was shown by the concentration of group A (Cell, 500 ppm extract, MK, Engerik). The active compound contained in the ethanol extract of red ginger is thought to be Geraniol

Release property of red ginger essential oil in silica-nanocellulose composite based sachet

Red ginger is an herbal plant that contains active components and can be used to control microorganisms. In this study, active packaging in the form of an antimicrobial sachet was developed. The red ginger essential oil was incorporated into silica-cellulose nanocomposite in powder form in a closed sachet. The silica-nanocellulose composite was fabricated through a sol-gel permeation process in nanocellulose hydrogel. Nanocellulose was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches by mechanical treatment, a combination of ultrafine grinding and ultrasonication. Nanocellulose hydrogel was immersed in a sodium silicate solution at three different times. The obtained gel was soaked in 2 M sulfuric acid for 4 hours to produce a silica-nanocellulose composite. Release property of red ginger essential oil from the closed sachet was observed. The effectiveness of the produced antimicrobial sachets depends on the release of the antimicrobial agent from the sachets.

Potensi Antibakteri Kombinan Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum dengan Cinnamomum burmannii terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

Red Ginger (Zingiber officinalevar. Rubrum) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and essential oils. which is antibacterial that causes pharyngitis by Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the antibacterial potency of the combination of Red Ginger (Zingiberofficinalevar. Rubrum) and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Experimental research includes the extraction of the compound components in red ginger and cinnamon by maceration with 70% ethanol. Inhibition was tested bydiffusion method. Combination of concentration of Red Ginger and Cinnamon extracts of 5%:40%; 10%:30%; 20%:20%; 30%:10% and 40%:5%. The combination of red ginger and cinnamon extract has antibacterial activity against pharyngitis-causing bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureuswith a strong response at a concentration of 5%:40%

Pengaruh Tempat Tumbuh dan Profil Kandungan Kimia Minyak Atsiri dari Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinalle Linn. Var rubrum)


 Zingiber officinalle Linn. Var rubrum is a typical Indonesian plant that contains lots of essential oils. Essential oils are secondary metabolites of the terpenes which are synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Essential oils in the health sector are used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative. This study aims to isolation and identification the ratio of the redrhizome ginger essential oil compounds based on the growing location, which were taken from Enrekang and Maros districts.The extraction of essential oils was carried out using the water vapor distillation method, and the essential oils obtained were identified using a GC-MS Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the essential oil of red ginger root from Maros had a yield percentage of 3.8% and 2.7% from Enrekang. Identification of essential oil compounds from the two regions using GC-MC is that eucalyptol, linalyl acetate,1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, dan citral, eugenol, geranyl acetat, dan citonellol.

Desain, Manufaktur dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Pengolah Serbuk Jahe Merah

Design of the red ginger powder production machine aims to increase UMKM(Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) in the Yogyakarta area. By making a semiautomatic red ginger powder machine, it can increase production capacity and improve the economy for UMKM. Component design is divided into 3 processes, namely; designing the frame, designing the stirring shaft, and designing the cooking tank. There are first adjusted to the design that has been made using the solid works software which is then applied by assembling other components. The drive system on the powdered red ginger production machine uses an AC electric motor which is then forwarded into the v-belt transmission then the output from the transmission is forwarded to the stirring shaft.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Bubuk Jahe Merah Terhadap Nyeri Pada Lansia Dengan Gout Arthtritis

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> <em>Gout was once called the king of disease and disease of king. Ordinary people call it gout. Gout is a metabolic disease caused by excess levels of uric compounds in the body, either due to overproduction, inadequate elimination, or increased purine intake. This study aims to determine the effect of giving red ginger powder compresses to pain in the elderly with gout arthritis. <strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the Quasy Experiment design with the design used was the pretest-posttest control group design. <strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there was a significant effect of giving red ginger powder on pain in the elderly with Gout Arthritis (p-value = 0.000). The Respondents 'Pain Scale Before Giving Ginger Powder Compress with a mean = 4.20 and there was a decrease in the Respondents' Pain Scale after Ginger Powder Compress was given with a mean = 2.30. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that the administration of red ginger powder compresses can reduce pain in the elderly. Therefore, it is advisable for gout arthritic patients to take advantage of red ginger powder compresses as an effort to control gout arthritis.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: <em>Pain, Gout Arthritis, Red ginger powder compress, Elderly</em></strong></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. Sunti Val) Essential Oil Distillation Residues

Natural resources are the main assets for drug development. Red ginger, a gift from nature proven to have pharmacological activities are widely used in traditional medicine. However, the process of its oil refining by traditional method produces heaps of residue unprocessed, causing excessive waste of chemical contents that may have pharmacological activity. Thus, this study aims to create an extraction model to utilize these residues and access its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolinone-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS),1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipoxygenase inhibition activity methods were used. Results showed the use of liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate solvent produced a fraction abundance with 6-gingerol. Antioxidant activity accessed by ABTS and DPPH methods showed the ethyl acetate fraction collected from red ginger residues gave inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 27.95 ± 2.69 µg/ml and 32.83 ± 1.61 µg/ml respectively. The strongest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity is also shown by its ethyl acetate fraction (IC50 77.23 ± 8.14 µg/ml). These potent antioxidant activities could be caused by its 6-gingerol content (201.38 ± 6.77 ppm/µg extract). In conclusion, the proposed method provides the opportunity for further utilization of red ginger distillation residues. Based on antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory properties, ethyl acetate fraction collected from distillation residues has the potential to be developed as an antihyperlipidemic drug, given its 6-gingerol content which prevents lipid peroxidation.

Phytochemical Screening and Total Phenolic Compounds of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan) As Preliminary Test of Antiarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease that causes chronic inflammation occurs of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the the overproduction of proinflammation cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1. The phenolic compounds mainly anthocyanin and elagitanin have TNF-α inhibition activity that induces cyclooxygenase-2 expressions that cause inflammation. Phytochemical screening showed that ethanol extract of red ginger contains alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoid, and steroids while ethanol extract of secang wood contains alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoid. This research aims to identify the secondary metabolite qualitatively and total phenolic compunds on red ginger and secang wood with Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total phenolic compounds are defined as the Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). The results showed that the total phenolic compunds of red ginger and sappan wood were 21.90 mg GAE/g extract and 27.65 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The phenolic compounds in red ginger and secang wood have the potential as antiarthritic.

The Antibacterial Effectiveness of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Essential Oil in Inhibiting The Growth of Staphylococcus Aureus and Streptococcus Mutans

Red ginger extract has a category strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcusaureus and Streptococcus mutans. Red ginger essential oil has the potential forstronger inhibition. This study aims to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of redginger essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Thedesign of this study was a laboratory experimental design with a factorial completelyrandomized design. The red ginger used in this study was proven to be a species ofZingiber officinale Roscoe. The production of essential oils in this study uses thesteam distillation method. The content of secondary metabolites in red ginger wastested quantitatively by the GC-MS method. Determination of antibacterial activityusing the disc diffusion method. The data were processed using the SPSS 21.0program. The normality of data distribution was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test,followed by one-way ANOVA, Levene's test, and the Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test. Theresults of the antibacterial test of red ginger essential oil against Staphylococcusaureus (21.21mm ± 0.315) and Streptoococcus mutans (23.43mm ± 0.189) provedthat the inhibition power of the category was very strong at a concentration of 75%.

Anti-inflammatory effects of functional beverage from a mixture of moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger in mice induced with monosodium urate crystal

Production of uric acid that exceeds normal limits in the blood (hyperuricemia) can cause the formation of urate crystals and inflammatory reactions. In various studies, moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger are known to contain phytochemical components (phenols and flavonoids) that are useful as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting xanthine oxidase enzyme activity, overcoming rheumatism, and antidiabetic. Functional drinks from the mixture of moringa leaves, pandanus leaves, and red ginger were optimised using the response surface method (RSM) in previous studies. The effect of this functional beverage product was tested for its effect as an anti-inflammatory in vivo. The testing process of the anti-inflammatory effect was using intradermally monosodium urate (MSU)-induced mice. Mice were measured for changes in edema, and after two days of treatment, the spleen was taken for flow cytometry testing of inflammatory cytokine expression of CD11b+ TNFα+, CD11b+ IL6+, CD11b+ IL10+, and blood was taken to test the expression of cytokine CD11b+ TNFα+. The results showed functional beverage products could potentially be used as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent in gout because it significantly inhibited edema, significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines CD11b+ TNFα+ and CD11b+ IL6+ and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines CD11b+ IL10+, where the anti-inflammatory effect was not significantly different from the control of indomethacin drugs.

Citrus stem rot disease (Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl) problem and their control strategy in Indonesia

Citrus stem rot disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl is a serious disease in citrus orchards in Indonesia. The geographical distribution of these diseases is very broad, almost found in all citrus centers of more than 22 provinces, districts, and cities. Plants of more than 10 years with less intensive maintenance often seriously affected. Alertness and control must be more intensive in productive plants aged more than 5 years old. The disease epidemic problem occurs because of the presence of sensitive citrus varieties, poorly maintained plants, the source of inoculum throughout the year, wide range of host plants, and contamination of agricultural equipment. Sensitive plants in citrus genus including pummelo, orange, tangerine, lime, and lemon. The control strategy is formulated by considering the effectiveness, logical and environmentally friendly to support the development of citrus areas in 24 main citrus centers in Indonesia. Stem rot control strategies include: (1) monitoring of disease incidents in the field, presence of inoculum sources in citrus plants and other hosts, (2) maintaining the cleanliness of the field, sanitation by pruning the branches, (3) optimum maintenance, (4) disinfecting agricultural tools (pruning shears, grafting knives, machetes, saws) with 70% alcohol, (5) Weaning of stems with sulfur lime 2 times a year, (6) Biological control (Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperellum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium sp) and or botanical control using cashew nut shell waste (Anacardium occidentale L.), red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum).

Red and White Galangal Puree Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemistry Screening

Antioxidant prevents oxidative stress. One of the antioxidant sources is plant. Red and white galangal are herbal plants that are easy to grow and they may have antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to compare antioxidant activity and phytochemistry screening of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum) and white galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.). The method of this study used was the DPPH method and qualitative analysis. The results of this study showed that the value of antioxidant activity of red galangal was significantly higher than white galangal (p<0.05). The results of phytochemistry screening showed that red galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. While white galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and triterpenoids. It is can be concluded that red galangal is more effective than white galangal.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat melalui Pelatihan Pengolahan Jahe Merah menjadi Chew Gummy di Desa Senggigi

Red ginger is a beneficial rhizome used to treat sore throats, dry cough, colic, rheumatism, headache, and flatulence. This community service aims to provide knowledge about the benefits of red ginger for health and how to process red ginger to a worth to sell products. The knowledge about the benefits of red ginger for health presented directly and the processing of chew gummy demonstrated in front of the participants. The community service was carried out at the Senggigi Village Office by involving by involving cadre of Posyandu and PKK asparticipants. The participants are given a pre-test and post-test to determine the increase in participant understanding. The results showed an increase in post-test scores from pre-test values about the benefits of red ginger and its processing. Participants understand the benefits of red ginger for health and can process red ginger into chew gummy preparations.

Red ginger wedang to strengthen immune system against covid-19 of children living in an orphanage

The outbreak of the corona virus has forced orphanage children to gather at home to carry out learning and playing activities. The activity of gathering in one house can cause a high risk of Covid-19 transmission. The implementation of the community service program carried out by lecturers from the Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara is a training for making red ginger wedang at LKSA Anak Gembira, Medan Tuntungan, Medan. Red ginger wedang is a drink that is healthy and refreshing for the body, where the aim of this training is that partners can practice it and consume it to maintain their immune system at LKSA Anak Gembira in preventing Covid-19. The training activity for making red ginger drink was attended by 24 people consisting of 2 orphanage owners and 22 orphanage children. After that, the consumption of red ginger was carried out and questionnaires were administered to measure the level of understanding of the benefits and preferences of the respondents towards red ginger after the training was held. The results of the questionnaire show that 93% respondents understand the benefits of red ginger for health and 87% like red ginger wedang.

INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA BANDREK JAHE MERAH DESA HELVETIA KECAMATAN LABUHAN DELI KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

The PKM partner's business is "Rumah Bandrek Helvetia Lezat". The business is run by partners because they see market opportunities that the traditional red ginger drink is very beneficial, one of which is healthy for the body. The most basic problem is the equipment available for the red ginger bandrek production process is still simple and the results are limited. This is because the red ginger milling process only uses a blender that has not too much capacity and takes repeated time to produce bandrek. Bandrek produced only 10 kg in 2 weeks. The second problem that was found in partners was that the owner of the red ginger bandrek business did not yet have the knowledge of how to market its products. This simple marketing knowledge certainly affects the sales income of this red ginger bandrek not smoothly. Moreover, partners have not carried out good financial management. (still traditional, profit is not known with certainty because it has not prepared financial reports for its business). Based on the activities that have been carried out by the PKM team, it can be concluded that the household business of Rumah Bandrek Helvetia Lezat "as a partner can run its business smoothly after being given assistance in the form of a ginger grinding machine and providing product marketing training can increase partners' knowledge in marketing.

Controlling Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Raw Material Inventories (Case Study at PT. Grahamakmur Ciptapratama Sidoarjo)

Raw material inventory control is used to place orders and ensure that shrimp raw materials arrive in a timely manner in accordance with consumer demand. This will expedite the course of the production process. This research was conducted at PT. Grahamakmur Ciptapratama Sidoarjo with the aim of knowing and analyzing the control of raw red ginger in frozen shrimp products. The method used is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method with the Lot For Lot (LFL) Technique. In addition, safety stock analysis, Maximum Inventory, warehouse capacity and Reorder Point analysis were carried out. The results of the study showed that inventory costs using the EOQ technique were lower than the company method or using the LFL technique. The EOQ technique produces an inventory cost of IDR 292,591.00 in 2017 with an order frequency of 105 times and in 2018 of IDR 289,750.00 with a booking frequency of 116 times. In the LFL technique inventory costs are more expensive, but the planning technique in the LFL method can be applied by companies in anticipation of raw material inventory if there is a small inventory. If the company applies the EOQ method, the company purchases raw materials in a larger amount, but the warehouse capacity in the company can still be met, this can be seen from the calculation of Maximum Inventory and warehouse capacity.

Reveal the Potency of Water Hyacinth and Red Ginger Extract as Hydrogel Wound Dressing for Mrsa Diabetic Wound: a Short Review

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria that colonize diabetic foot ulcers can cause dangerous infections and even amputations. To improve the healing process, hydrogel wound dressing loaded with antibacterial agents can be selected as viable alternatives to reduce MRSA colonization and infection. This review highlights the potential use of water hyacinth cellulose (Eichornia crassipes) as a base for hydrogel plaster and red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) as an antibacterial agent. Comprehensive studies show that water hyacinth weed that contains high cellulose has the potency to be converted into hydrogels. In addition, further studies show that the active compounds of red ginger rhizome extract such as 6-gingerol, gingerenone-A, and 6-shogaol are proven to inhibit MRSA which could be incorporated into hydrogels. These findings prove that the hydrogel derived from water hyacinth cellulose and the active compounds of red ginger extract is very promising for the future as a new alternative to diabetic wound dressing.

Antibacterial activity of phytogenic silver nanoparticles using domestic herbs plant extract

Since the development of the first antibiotic medication, penicillin (1928), a range of antibiotic and antimicrobial agents have been produced and used for both human and industrial applications. However, excess and excessive use of antibiotics has led to a major increase in the number of drug-resistant pathogens. There is a strong demand for novel therapeutic approaches to substitute inefficient antibiotics to address rising microbial multidrug resistance. The invention of nanomaterials as modern antimicrobials creates a new model for antibiotic use in diverse areas. Among the numerous nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have earned a great deal of interest due to their unique antimicrobial properties. Overall, the results highlight that antibacterial resistance activity of silver nanoparticles from domestic herbs plant of Zingiber officinale var. Extract of rubrum (ZO-AgNPs) and Aloe vera L. Extract (AV-AgNPs) are potentially effective in inhibiting the development of Metichillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. In addition, the formation of AgNPs was observed and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy at peak ranges 353 – 479 nm, with diameters ranging from 10 – 20 d/nm to 70 – 90 d/nm for both Aloe vera and Red Ginger respectively.