Red Fruit Oil Research Articles

Synthesis of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus Conoideus) Emulsion with Tween 80 Surfactant and Alginate Co-Surfactant

Synthesis of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus Conoideus) Emulsion with Tween 80 Surfactant and Alginate Co-Surfactant

The Effects of Adsorbent Material on Physicochemical Characterization of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam)

The Effects of Adsorbent Material on Physicochemical Characterization of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam)

Formulation and evaluation of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil-based nanoemulsion loaded thermosensitive gel combined with solid microneedle for topical delivery

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is a fruit that has been well-known for its ability to treat various diseases because of its abundant active ingredients. One of them is β-carotene, an antioxidant compound that could maintain the skin's health with many benefits. In this study, we developed a thermosensitive nanoemulgel formulation from red fruit extract that delivers β-carotene topically in combination with solid microneedles (SMN) to increase the bioavailability of β-carotene in the skin. The preparation of thermosensitive nanoemulgel was carried out using red fruit oil nanoemulsion and thermosensitive gel based on Pluronic® F127 and F68. The best nanoemulsion formulation droplet size was 103.43 ± 9.74 nm, with a PDI value of 0.204 ± 0.02. The characterization results showed that this thermosensitive nanoemulgel prepared has a bright reddish-orange color. Moreover, it is a liquid at room temperature and turns into a gel at body temperature to allow longer contact time with the skin. The dermatokinetic profile of the combination of red fruit oil-based thermosensitive nanoemulgel with 1 mm SMN showed a significant increase in the concentration of β-carotene up to 5-fold in skin layers for ex vivo (129.98 ± 13.39 μg/cm2) and up to 3-fold in skin layers for in vivo (51.24 ± 5.53 μg/cm2). Importantly, no hemolytic activity or irritation in vivo was found in the skin tissue, proving the primary safety of this preparation. For the first time, developing red fruit extract into a thermosensitive nanoemulgel form has provided promising approaches with safety for improving the bioavailability of β-carotene in the skin.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN OIL AND RED FRUIT JUICE (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) WITH DPPH METHOD

Antioxidant compounds play an essential role in health because they can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. This study analyzed the antioxidant activity of red fruit oil and juice. This study used an experimental method with oil and juice obtained through boiling for 4-5 hours. The stages of the study include flavonoid qualitative tests and antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method using UV-Vis Spectrophotometers. Based on the research results, oil and red fruit juice contain flavonoids that have the potential to be antioxidants. Antioxidant activity test with the DPPH method showed IC50 in red fruit oil products on the market at 30.11 ppm and red fruit juice at 31.80 ppm, showing vigorous antioxidant activity compared to homemade red fruit oil with an IC50 of 85.98 ppm.

Physical Characteristics And Phytochemical Screeningfrom Oil And Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus Conoideus L.)

Red Fruit Oil contains several active compounds that are beneficial for the human body such are tocopherol, betacarotene and some types of fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and decanoic. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in oil and red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus). This research method uses qualitative data research methods, namely from the results of analysis of the content of secondary metabolites of oil and Red Fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus) consisting of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins, as well as thin-layer chromatography. The results of the study showed that phytochemical screening tests of red fruit oil and red fruit juice hand products gave the same results as red fruit oil (brand x) on the market, that the three samples contained several secondary metabolite compounds namely flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids

Effects of Crude Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) Oil Concentrations on Physicochemical, Total Carotenoids, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Mayonnaise

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil (RFO) which provides high antioxidant as well as having unique aromas is potential use as a functional ingredient for functional food product developments, e.g., mayonnaise. The present research aimed to determine the effects of RFO and water concentration on physical and organoleptic properties, and total carotenoids contributed by RFO in mayonnaise formulas. The methods comprised of 4 mayonnaise formulas with RFO:water ratios coded F1 (25:45), F2 (20:50), F3 (15:55), and F4 (10:60); while other ingredients, i.e., egg yolk of 5,5%, starch 5%, CMC 1%, citric acid 1%, acetic acid 4%, sugar7,5%, and mustard 3%. Parameters observed were colour, viscosity, emulsion stability, and organoleptic; moisture and carotenoid content. Results indicated that all formulas were in the ranges of dark reddish orange to orange in colour, had a specific RFO aroma and mildly acid, viscosity (200 – 240 dPoise), the emulsion were stable for between 3-7 days stored at room temperature. Organoleptic scores for all formulas obtained 4.66 – 5.92 (slightly liked to liked) for colour, 4.33 -5.25 (slightly liked to liked) for aroma, 4.14–4.96 (neutral to slightly liked) for taste, 5.51-5.70 (slightly liked to liked) for smoothness and for overall scores were 4.85-5.51 (slightly liked to liked). The best formula was F2 obtained from composition of RFO:water 20:50, with color pale reddish-orange, viscosity of 205 d.Poise, stable for 8 days, 57.75% (w/w) for moisture, and total carotenoids 2.550 ppm

Potential of Red Fruit Oil as an Ointment for Burns on Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Potential of Red Fruit Oil as an Ointment for Burns on Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Safe and effective dosage combination of purple sweet potato extract and red fruit oil extract as antioxidant and hypolipidemic in rats given high cholesterol feed

Safe and effective dosage combination of purple sweet potato extract and red fruit oil extract as antioxidant and hypolipidemic in rats given high cholesterol feed

Arotenoid and Moisture Stability of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus) Oil Powder during Storage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the carotenoid and moisture stability of spray-dried and freeze-dried red fruit oil with different wall materials during storage. Red fruit emulsion was prepared by mixing sodium caseinate, maltodextrin and whey protein isolate in different ratios (1:0 (MW1), 3:1 (MW2), 1:3 (MW3) and 0:1 (MW4)), water, and red fruit oil followed by spray or freeze drying. The result showed that the carotenoid content of all samples was stable, but the moisture content changed during storage. Freeze-dried samples showed higher carotenoid and moisture content compared to spray-dried samples throughout the storage.

DETERIORATION KINETICS OF NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus L.) OIL DURING STORAGE

This study’s goal was to obtain a kinetics model of neutralized red fruit oil (NRFO) quality change during storage. The NRFO was stored in dark bottles at 60 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C for ± 15 days to evaluate the quality. The results showed that the quality of NRFO decreased along with the increase in temperature and storage time. This was indicated by increasing moisture content, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), peroxide number, as well as decreasing of the total carotenoids and total tocopherols. The FFA content and peroxide number of NRFO increase followed the kinetics zeroth order model, with activation energy (Ea) of 6372 cal/moloK and 9954 cal/moloK, respectively. Meanwhile, the decrease in carotenoid and tocopherol content followed the kinetics first order model, with Ea 9581 cal/moloK and 14242 cal/moloK, respectively. Estimation of shelf life of NRFO was based on peroxide number equation. The shelf life of NRFO is 398.5 days or 13.3 months if it is stored at 20 °; and the shelf life is 277.6 days or 9.3 months if it is stored 30 °C.

Antihyperglycemic Activity of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam) on Improving Kidney Function in STZ- NA-Induced Nephropathy Rats

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause complications, one of which is diabetic nephropathy. Parameters that indicate damage to the kidneys are the increase in creatinine and albumin levels. One of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of DM is red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the antihyperglycemic activity and the effect of red fruit oil administration on creatinine levels, microalbumin, and renal histopathology in STZ-NA-induced rats. Methods: This study used 30 male Wistar rats conditioned with type 2 DM with STZ-NA induction. The rats have grouped into 6 groups: group I, the normal control, group II, the negative control, group III, the positive control (pioglitazone 15 mg/kg BW), and groups IV, V, and VI, the red fruit oil respectively 1.35 mL/kg BW,2.7 mL/kg BW, and 5.4 mL/kg BW. Red fruit oil is made in traditional way and prepared for 2 days. Parameters tested in the study include blood glucose levels, creatinine, microalbumin, and kidney histopathology. Data analysis used the ANOVA method followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The results showed that a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kg BW was an effective dose in reducing blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria, and serum creatinine, and repairing damage to the kidneys of rats. The percent activity of a red fruit oil dose of 5.4 mL/kgBW for blood glucose levels, microalbuminuria and serum creatinine were 84.69%, 76.30%, and 92.20% respectively. Conclusion: Red fruit oil can reduce blood glucose levels, creatinine levels, microalbumin and can repair kidney damage.

ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI LIMBAH BIJI PEMBUATAN MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus)

The aim of this research was to obtain antioxidant active component from Papuan red fruit oil waste using Ultrasound-assisted extraction. The research was done started from the making of Papuan red fruit oil, extraction and bioactive component analysis (total tocopherol and betacaroten) using spectrophotometry. The result shows that waste from Papuan red fruit oil process contains high amount of yield at 20 minutes extraction time with total carotenoid 20, 23 ppm and tocopherol absorbance 1.04. Ultrasound assisted extraction method significantly increase carotenoid content aw well as tocopherol (p<0.05).

Production of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) oil powder using spray drying and freeze drying

Abstract Red fruit oil is a potential coloring agent with high carotenoid content. Oil encapsulation could be done to improve its applicability to food products. This study evaluated the effect of different ratios of maltodextrin and whey protein during the encapsulation process of red fruit oil using spray and freeze drying. The powders were analyzed in terms of total carotenoid content, physicochemical properties, and stability. Spray drying resulted in powders with lower moisture content. Freeze drying resulted in powders with high carotenoid content in most samples. All powders showed low hygroscopicity and low crystallinity, but also low flowability. Spray-dried powders were spherical and wrinkled, while freeze-dried powders were irregular and rough. Sample with 1:1 ratio of maltodextrin and whey protein showed generally better properties in both spray and freeze drying. Freeze-dried powder showed better carotenoid stability than spray dried powder throughout the 4 weeks storage period.

Protective Effect of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) on Histopathological Levels of Liver Inflammation in Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Lead

Background: There is an increase in pollution in the environment, and plumb is one of them. Exposure to plumbum is known to induce excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and result in oxidative stress at the cellular level. Oxidative stress can cause disturbances in body organs, one of which is the liver organ. Purpose: To determine the effect of giving red fruit oil as protection against plumbum exposure at the level of inflammatory cells of the mice’s liver. Method: This study was conducted for 14 days with 4 treatments, namely P0 (negative control), P1 (positive control given plumbum exposure at a dose of 0.011mg), P2 (0.3 ml of red fruit oil and plumbum exposure at a dose of 0.011mg) and P3 (0.8 ml of red fruit oil and plumbum exposure at a dose of 0.011mg). Determination of inflammatory cells in the liver of mice is carried out by looking at the HE preparation of mice’s liver under a microscope with a magnification of 400x. Results: Based on the results, it was found that there was no noticeable difference after the SPSS test on the P1, P2, and P3 treatments. Conclusion: The application of red fruit oil as a protectant to mice exposed to plumbum does not affect the level of inflammatory cells.

The effect of red fruit oil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) emulgel on angiogenesis and collagen density in incisive wound healing in mice (Mus musculus).

Pandanus conoideus Lamk. or commonly known as red fruit oil (RFO) can be used to accelerate wound healing because it contains tocopherols, carotenoids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The RFO in this study was formulated in the form of an emulgel because it has the most convenient and effective drug delivery system. The aims of this study were to determine the activity of RFO emulgel on increasing the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density in incised wound healing and to determine the optimal dose of RFO emulgel to increase the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density in incised wound healing. This was a true experimental study with a posttest only control group design that included five treatment groups: a positive control group (10% povidone-iodine), a negative control (gel base), and three groups that varied the concentration of RFO emulgel used at 5%, 10%, and 15%. Parameters observed were the amount of angiogenesis using Image Raster software and the percentage of areas of collagen density using ImageJ software. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test and continued with the least significant difference test. The results of this study showed that RFO emulgel was able to increase the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density in the wound healing process with P = 0.000. An increase in the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density occurred in mice treated with RFO compared to the positive and negative control groups. It can be concluded that RFO emulgel has activity toward increasing the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density in the wound healing of mice incisions. The optimal dose concentration of RFO emulgel for increasing the amount of angiogenesis and collagen density in incision wound healing was shown in RFO emulgel with a concentration of 15%.

Formulation and Physical Stability Test of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Emulgel Using Carbopol 940 Base as Wound Treatment

Red fruit ( Lam.) contains high levels of fatty acids, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene which can accelerate wound healing. Red fruit oil (RFO) is formulated as an emulgel because it is comfortable to use, has high penetration, and has a low risk of irritation. Emulgel RFO must meet the standards for physical properties and stability of topical preparations.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in RFO concentration on the physical properties and physical stability of the RFO emulgel. Emulgel was made with various RFO concentrations of 5% w/v (F1), 10% w/v (F2), and 15% w/v (F3). Then there was a physical evaluation and tested for physical stability after storage for 28 days at room temperature (30ºC±2ºC). Variations in RFO concentration decreased dispersion and adhesion values in the evaluation of physical qualities. In the 28-day storage stability test, variations in RFO concentration decreased the pH value, dispersion and increased adhesion. Emulgel RFO before and after the cycling test did not change. After performing the mechanical test, all the RFO emulgels did not occur in phase separation. It can be concluded that the variation of RFO concentration affects the physical properties, namely, dispersion and adhesion. However, it did not affect the organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH of the emulgel. After 28-day storage, variations in RFO concentration significantly affected pH, spreadability, and adhesion, while homogeneity and organoleptic had no significant effect. Variations in RFO concentration did not affect the stability of the cycling test and mechanical test.

Chemometric analysis applied to 1 H NMR and FTIR data for a quality parameter distinction of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus, lam.) oil products.

Red fruit oil (RFO) is a natural product extracted from Pandanus conoideus Lam. fruit, a native plant from Papua, Indonesia. Recent studies indicate that RFO is popularly consumed as herbal medicine. Therefore, the quality of RFO must be assured. This study aimed to develop a chemometric analysis applied to 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data for important quality parameter distinction of red fruit oil (RFO), especially regarding the degree of unsaturation and the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). Forty samples consisting of one crude RFO, thirty-three commercial RFOs, and three oils as blends, including olive oil, virgin coconut oil, and black seed oil, were analysed by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. After appropriate preprocessing of the spectra, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used for model development. The essential signals for modelling the degree of unsaturation are the signal at δ = 5.37-5.27 ppm (1 H NMR) and the band at 3000-3020 cm-1 (FTIR). The FFA profile represents the signal at δ = 2.37-2.20 ppm (1 H NMR) and the band at 1680-1780 cm-1 (FTIR). PCA allows the visualisation grouping on both methods with > 98% total principal component (PC) for the degree of unsaturation and > 88% total PC for FFA values. In addition, the PLSR model provides an acceptable coefficient of determination (R2 ) and errors in calibration, prediction, and cross-validation. Chemometric analysis applied to 1 H NMR and FTIR spectra of RFO successfully grouped and predicted product quality based on the degree of unsaturation and FFA value categories.

Sensory and Bioactive Properties Response to Reformulation and Processing of Java-Tea-Based Functional Drink: a Review

Java-tea-based (Orthosiphon aristatus B. Miq) functional drink is reported to have privileges, mainly its physiological functions and bioactive properties such as antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic ability. Java-tea-based functional drinks contain bioactive compounds from natural materials, including java-tea leaves, ginger, sappan-wood, curcuma, lime, and kaffir lime. Several innovations and challenges have been carried out during its development, affecting the drinks' quality and stability. The stability of the beverage, especially in the aspects of sensory and bioactive properties, is still considered inferior. This review focuses on the formulation and processing technology conducted from 2007 to 2019. In the case of the reformulation, it showed that the addition of kaffir lime extract, lime extract, and flavor enhancer could improve the sensory properties in terms of aroma and taste. Furthermore, the changes in the specific java-tea plants' variety as the main ingredient and replacing the sucrose with non-sucrose sweeteners increased the bioactive properties. Recently, the formula has been enriched with a red fruit oil emulsion to improve the drink's appearance due to contains abundant carotenoid pigments. However, the addition also created another hurdle, particularly in the flavor sensory aspect and emulsion stability. In the case of processing, applying microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation in java-tea drinks has increased the bioactive properties, especially antioxidant activity, and antihyperglycemic, and also improved the product's stability which prolonged the shelf life. The development of java-tea-based functional drinks might become a milestone to reference other similar product development.

Simultaneous Determination of the Saponification Value, Acid Value, Ester Value, and Iodine Value in Commercially Available Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus, Lam.) Using 1H qNMR Spectroscopy

Red fruit oil (RFO) can be extracted from fruits of Pandanus conoideus, Lam., an endogenous plant of Papua, Indonesia. It is a commonly used essential original traditional medicine. By applying a newly developed quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy method for quality assessment, a simultaneous determination of the saponification value (SV), acid value (AV), ester value (EV), and iodine value (IV) in RFO was possible. Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) was used as an internal standard. Optimization of NMR parameters, such as NMR pulse sequence, relaxation delay time, and receiver gain, finally established the 1H NMR-based quantification approach. Diagnostic signals of the internal standard at δ = 2.98 ppm, SV at δ = 2.37–2.20 ppm, AV at δ = 2.27–2.20 ppm, EV at δ = 2.37–2.27 ppm, and IV at δ = 5.37–5.27 ppm, respectively, were used for quantitative analysis. The method was validated concerning linearity (R2 = 0.999), precision (less than 0.83%), and repeatability in the range 99.17–101.17%. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied to crude RFO, crude RFO with palmitic and oleic acid addition, and nine commercial products. The qNMR results for the respective fat values are in accordance with the results of standard methods, as can be seen from the F- and t-test (< 1.65 and < 1.66, respectively). The fundamental advantages of qNMR, such as its rapidity and simplicity, make it a feasible and existing alternative to titration for the quality control of RFO.

FORMULATION OF RED FRUIT OIL NANOEMULSION USING SUCROSE PALMITATE

Objective: Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is an endemic plant in the Papua region, Indonesia, and is reported to be very rich in carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), tocopherols (vitamin E), and unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to formulate the red fruit oil nanoemulsion in the forms of cream and gel, with sucrose palmitate as the emulsifying agent for topical application to the skin. Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared by brute force method using Ultra-Turrax homogenizer as a high-speed mixer. Analyzis of the zeta potential, Polydispersity Index (PDI), particle size, and storage stability of the nanoemulsion cream and gel were also carried out. Results: Red fruit oil nanoemulsion had pseudoplastic flow properties, a pH of 4.81, a spherical shape, an average particle size of 103.07±1.31 nm, and a PDI of 0.229±0.02. The nanoemulsion cream had plastic flow properties, a pH of 6.45, an average particle size of 391.53±1.31 nm, and a PDI value of 0.701±0.01. The nanoemulsion gel had plastic flow properties, a pH of 5.83, an average particle size of 143.7±3.57 nm, and a PDI value of 0.221±0.03. Antioxidant activities of the cream and gel were determined using 2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Inhibition of 50% concentrations (IC50) for cream and gel were 6.14 and 48.85, respectively. Conclusion: The best red fruit oil nanoemulsion formula contained 10% of surfactant-cosurfactant mix (Smix) composition with a ratio of 9:1. Both the nanoemulsion cream and gel remained physically stable after 12 weeks of storage at three different temperatures, cycling, and centrifugation tests.