Red Ear Research Articles

Red ear syndrome: a case series and review of the literature

BackgroundRed Ear Syndrome is a burning sensation and erythema of the ear, associated with a various number of disorders including migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, autoimmune disorders etc. Theories for RES pathophysiology have developed from current understandings of comorbid conditions. Characterizing the underlying mechanism of RES is crucial for defining effective treatments.Case presentationThree caucasian patients, ages 15, 47, and 67 years, with migraine, one with erythromelalgia are reported in this manuscript. RES pathophysiology is not fully understood due to its variable clinical presentation and numerous comorbid conditions, making it difficult to identify effective treatments.ConclusionRES seems to be largely treatment-resistant, and most options involve treating the associated disorders and minimizing pain. Further investigation of future cases should lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental cause of RES and, hopefully, successful treatments.

A Case Report of Cytarabine-Induced Red Ear Syndrome

A Case Report of Cytarabine-Induced Red Ear Syndrome

Successful Treatment of Red Ear Syndrome with Dual Therapy of Pregabalin and Duloxetine: A Case Report

Successful Treatment of Red Ear Syndrome with Dual Therapy of Pregabalin and Duloxetine: A Case Report

Idiopathic Non-Dental Facial Pain Syndromes in Italian Children: A Clinical Case Series.

The orofacial pain syndromes (OFPs) are a heterogeneous group of syndromes characterized by painful attacks involving the orofacial structures. They may be summarily subdivided into two great categories: (1) orofacial pain mainly attributed to dental disorders such as dentoalveolar and myofascial orofacial pain or temporomandibular joint (TM) pain; (2) orofacial pain mainly attributed to non-dental pain as neuralgias, facial localization of primary headaches or idiopathic orofacial pain. The second group is uncommon, often described by single case reports, can often show overlapping symptoms with the first group, and represents a clinical challenge, carrying the risk of undervaluation and possibly invasive odontoiatric treatment. We aimed to describe a clinical pediatric series of non-dental orofacial pain and better to underline some topographic and clinical features associated with them. We retrospectively collected the data of children admitted to our headache centers (Bari, Palermo, Torino) from 2017 to 2021. Our inclusion criterion was the presence of non-dental orofacial pain following the topographic criteria of 3° International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3), and exclusion criteria included the pain syndromes attributed to the dental disorders and pain syndromes due to the secondary etiologies Results. Our sample comprised 43 subjects (23/20 M/F, in the range of ages 5-17). We classified them int: 23 primary headaches involving the facial territory during attacks, 2 facial trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, 1 facial primary stabbing headache, 1 facial linear headache, 6 trochlear migraines, 1 orbital migraine 3 red ear syndrome and 6 atypical facial pain. All patients described debilitating pain for intensity (moderate/severe), 31 children had episodic attacks, and 12 had continuous pain. Almost all received drugs for acute treatment (less than 50% were satisfied), and some received non-pharmacological treatment associated with drug therapy Conclusion. Although rare OFP can occur in pediatric age, it can be debilitating if unrecognized and untreated, affecting the psychophysical well-being of young patients. We highlight the specific characteristics of the disorder for a more correct and earlier identification during the diagnostic process, already difficult in pediatric age, and to define the approach and possible treatment to prevent negative outcomes in adulthood.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Case of Unilateral Red Ear.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in a Case of Unilateral Red Ear.

Secondary Red Ear Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient: a Case Report

Secondary Red Ear Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient: a Case Report

Red ear syndrome: Three new pediatric cases

Red ear syndrome (RES) is characterized by paroxysmal burning sensation, pain, edema and reddening of unilateral or bilateral ear lobe, usually provoked by different triggers. The exact prevalence in the pediatric age group is unknown but pediatric cases reported in the literature are very small in number. Etiology and pathomechanism of RES still remain controversial. Several therapeutic approaches have been tried with heterogeneous clinical response. We report three new pediatric cases, one of which is the youngest case ever reported in the literature.

Red Ear Syndrome and migraine: case report and review of this peculiar association

Introduction: The "Red Ear Syndrome" (RES) is a rare condition (about 100 cases were published in 25 years). It is characterized by episodes of hyperemia of the ear associated with burning pain. Although the association of this syndrome and primary headaches is contemplated in literature, its etiology and treatments are still poorly defined.
 The aim of this paper is to report a case of RES related to migraine and possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.
 Case Report: A 31-year-old woman presented with stabbing pain and marked erythema and edema of the right ear accompanied by burning and local hyperhidrosis. These attacks lasted 2 hours on average, and either occurred spontaneously or were associated with migraine without aura. The only means of relief during the attacks was cooling the local with ice.
 Extensive laboratory-chemical, microbiological, ear-nose-throat, clinical and neurological examinations, magnetic resonance of the brain and cervical spine were unremarkable.
 Conclusion: Uncertainty about the etiology of this syndrome is an obstacle to treatment. The frequent relationship between RES and migraine suggests that is necessary to investigate the syndrome in migraineurs. Furthermore, new reports about this disorder are important to increase the knowledge of physicians, to reduce the delay in diagnosis and suffering of patients.

Bilateral red ears

Milian ear sign is a specific clinical finding that aides in differentiating erysipelas from facial cellulitis. The anatomical absence of subcutaneous tissue in pinna brings about this clinical distinction. Although bilateral Milian ear sign is rare, erysipelas should be considered when encountering patients presenting with red ears, among other differentials such as Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, auricular perichondritis, and red ear syndrome.

The assessment and management of globus pharyngeus.

Globus is the sensation of a foreign body in the throat. Investigation and management of patients with globus is widely variable. Most investigations yield negative results yet incur varying patient morbidity and healthcare costs, while malignancy is vanishingly rare in the absence of red flag symptoms and ear, nose and throat examination findings. History taking is key and can help to identify possible causative pathology, directing further investigations and management if necessary. Treatment of globus mainly centres on patient reassurance and counselling, and may include reflux management, neuromodulation, or speech therapy in selected cases, and treatment of any identified cause.

English

The aim of this study was to identify and describe qualitative traits of indigenous Tswana chicken populations in Kweneng and Southern districts of Botswana. The qualitative traits involved in the study included tail colour, breast colour, back colour, neck colour, comb type, shank colour, earlobe colour and head shape. Data were subjected to frequency and cross tabulation procedures of descriptive statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to compute frequencies of occurrence of each qualitative trait. The five strains of indigenous Tswana chickens under scavenging management system showed distinct physical variations for most of the qualitative traits. Black was the most predominant tail colour across the strains (51.6%) followed by brown (27.9%). The frequency of brown breast colour and brown back colour were significantly higher in those respective regions. Brown and black were the predominant neck colours across the strains. The single comb type (81.7%), featherless shank (65.4%), red ear lobes (67.6%) and grey shank colour (32.9%) were the most predominant phenotypes across the strains. Plain and crested head shapes occurred at similar frequencies of 56.4 and 43.6%, respectively, in Tswana chickens in Southern part of Botswana. Key words: Botswana, morphological characterization, phenotypic variation, qualitative traits, Tswana chickens.

Red ear syndrome in children: Review of literature and report of three cases

BackgroundRed ear syndrome (RES) is a neurological syndrome that is characterized by attacks of redness and pain that is localized in the earlobe, accompanied by a burning sensation, swelling or otalgia. The exact pathophysiology of RES is not known. Several pediatric cases have been described. They show an extreme variability in clinical presentation and therapeutic response, and therefore there are numerous difficulties in the diagnostic-therapeutic approach and in the comprehension of the physiopathology. The goal of this report is to present three clinical cases of red ear syndrome in children. These cases show various characteristics that can give useful indications regarding the differential diagnosis and the pathogenetic mechanisms that are involved, particularly when they are compared with cases published in the literature. Case-reportsWe report three pediatric RES cases: 1) a boy whose condition offered a typical example of the association that occurs between migraine and RES. 2) a girl with idiopathic RES. 3) a child who suffered RES attacks that showed many similarities with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. ConclusionOur clinical series shows the different ways in which RES can be expressed and they support the reported scientific literature. We suggest that the different forms of RES have a common final autonomic pathogenetic mechanism that is activated by parasympathetic hyperactivity and sympathetic inhibition. The different temporal characteristics, frequency, etc. may depend on the activation of distinct physiopathological modules that are related to the pain circuits, as suggested by the modular theory which describes that groups of neurons are defined as a module, where each module is responsible for a symptom and the individual's headache is defined by the activated modules.

Red Ear Syndrome: Case Series and Review of a Less Recognized Headache Disorder.

Red Ear Syndrome: Case Series and Review of a Less Recognized Headache Disorder.

Atomoxetine associated red ear: A case report (eng)

Atomoxetine associated red ear: A case report (eng)

Jugular Paraganglioma Presenting With Collet-Sicard Syndrome

A 60-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of right-sided pulsatile tinnitus and progressive hearing loss. She reported 2 years of worsening nasal reflux, dysphonia, dysphagia, right shoulder weakness, dysarthria, and difficulty moving her tongue. Physical examination was significant for a red pulsatile middle ear mass. Examination also revealed palatal asymmetry, right vocal cord paralysis, right shoulder depression with trapezius atrophy, and tongue deviation to the right, findings consistent with right-sided paralysis of cranial nerves IX through XII, respectively (Figure and Supplemental Video, available online at http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org). Imaging revealed a large erosive lesion centered on the jugular foramen with extension into the middle ear. A jugular paraganglioma with lower cranial nerve involvement was diagnosed. In this case, the tumor resulted in Collet-Sicard syndrome, a rare jugular foramen syndrome describing paralysis of cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII. eyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI5YjdkNjcyODViOThlOTBmYjU5YzcxNTUwNDgxY2Y2ZCIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc5MDIzMzQ3fQ.pC24mhoGY7fKBt_inedCGMLbKI49YeXR0YRBJUFFEgFPdG-3dpokPq8SAuGnPuNlQmjHssHa1JEWhPc2B-WmcogEq1UY5L2y8Hr0ea6U2dwtX-iOUTuZ-sHtSRSohkNi9tMBNr9cBid__VP0uefGvzYh-3sCjMJQG9EcYDj5kl23zqE0_-MbDBmDMrI1AdSOqCi_Eu7GM6ltL07QQKEUFzzJf6CNH4u6Tzoa5dG0hfEmvQz0gcjvDkCo-b49NFUYb04-fTptqGASLqQV-Zs9Gw4iAqXqtuTpIDjXCyA-fhRpydzP2jQ8B6sVy8DuEA9VvGIWcskZtEy7PnwHYu5hGg Download .mp4 (50.93 MB) Help with .mp4 files Supplemental Video Supplemental material can be found online at: http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org. Supplemental material attached to journal articles has not been edited, and the authors take responsibility for the accuracy of all data.

Red Ear Syndrome preceding Multiple Sclerosis: A Novel Correlation

Red Ear Syndrome (RES) is a rare condition, first described in 1994 by Lance. It is characterized by burning pain, warmth, and erythema of the auricle. Here, we report the case of a young woman who manifested symptoms of red ear syndrome 3 years prior to those of multiple sclerosis (MS). She also had a history of episodic infrequent migraine and anxiety disorder. Association of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with Red Ear Syndrome is hitherto unreported. We propose the involvement of Neuropeptide Y (NPY), or a dysfunction thereof, as the underlying pathophysiological mechanism to explain the concurrence of MS and RES, along with other presenting co-morbidities.

A rare child red ear syndrome: Case report

A rare child red ear syndrome: Case report

The red ear syndrome in upper cervical degenerative spine pathology; Case report and literature review

The red ear syndrome in upper cervical degenerative spine pathology; Case report and literature review

Evaluation of a Red Ear in the Pediatric Population.

Evaluation of a Red Ear in the Pediatric Population.

In vivo investigation of ear canal pulse oximetry during hypothermia

Pulse oximeters rely on the technique of photoplethysmography (PPG) to estimate arterial oxygen saturation (SpO_2). In conditions of poor peripheral perfusion such as hypotension, hypothermia, and vasoconstriction, the PPG signals detected are often weak and noisy, or in some cases unobtainable. Hence, pulse oximeters produce erroneous SpO_2 readings in these circumstances. The problem arises as most commercial pulse oximeter probes are designed to be attached to peripheral sites such as the finger or toe, which are easily affected by vasoconstriction. In order to overcome this problem, the ear canal was investigated as an alternative site for measuring reliable SpO_2 on the hypothesis that blood flow to this central site is preferentially preserved. A novel miniature ear canal PPG sensor was developed along with a state of the art PPG processing unit to investigate PPG measurements from the bottom surface of the ear canal. An in vivo study was carried out in 15 healthy volunteers to validate the developed technology. In this comparative study, red and infrared PPGs were acquired from the ear canal and the finger of the volunteers, whilst they were undergoing artificially induced hypothermia by means of cold exposure (10 ^circC). Normalised Pulse Amplitude (NPA) and SpO_2 was calculated from the PPG signals acquired from the ear canal and the finger. Good quality baseline PPG signals with high signal-to-noise ratio were obtained from both the PPG sensors. During cold exposure, significant differences were observed in the NPA of the finger PPGs. The mean NPA of the red and infrared PPGs from the finger have dropped by >80%. Contrary to the finger, the mean NPA of red and infrared ear canal PPGs had dropped only by 0.2 and 13% respectively. The SpO_2s estimated from the finger sensor have dropped below 90% in five volunteers (failure) by the end of the cold exposure. The ear canal sensor, on the other hand, had only failed in one volunteer. These results strongly suggest that the ear canal may be used as a suitable alternative site for monitoring PPGs and arterial blood oxygen saturation at times were peripheral perfusion is compromised.