Red Dragon Fruit Peel Research Articles

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RED DRAGON FRUIT PEEL (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS (F.A.C. WEBER) BRITTON AND ROSE) ISOLATES USING 2,2-DIPHENYL-1-PICRYLHYDRAZYL METHOD

Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis Britt. Et R.) peel extract as a natural dye alternative in microscopic observation of plant tissues: The practical guide in senior high school

Prepared slide of plant tissue needs to be staining to facilitate observations under microscope. Laboratorium activities in schools usually use synthetic dyes which expensive and can be damaged the student. Therefore the exploration of alternative dyes need to be established, such as utilizing of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus castaricensis Britt. Et R.). This study aims to (1) find out the best concentration of dragon fruit peel extract for staining plant tissue prepared slide and (2) to develop the practical guide related to plant tissue observation. The qualitative research used different concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract, namely: 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% with 3 repetitions. Data were obtained from observation photos of prepared slide. The result showed that the most contrast prepared slide was used red dragon fruit extract in 60% concentration. The result use to arrange practical guide in observation of plant tissues which is validated by material expert. The validation result showed “very good” criteria (86.01%).

Formulasi Masker Gel Antioksidan Mengandung Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Abstract: Antioxidant, Red Dragon Fruit, Gel Mask. Skin is an organ that covers the entire human body, which has protection against external influences. Free radicals and the oxidation reaction can be inhibited by an antioxidant compound. Red dragon fruit peel is rarely used but has high antioxidant activity that can be used for skin care, especially facial skin. Red dragon fruit peel can be formulated into various dosage form of antioxidants for the face skin, one of which peel-off mask gel. This study aimed to test the antioxidant activity of peel-off mask gel with the active ingredient of red dragon fruit peel extracts. This research uses experimental methods. Red dragon fruit peel extracted by maceration in 70% ethanol and concentrated. Gel mask made in 3 variations extract concentration, ie formula A, B and C 0.175 g, 0.350 g and 0,700 g respectively. The physical stability test was conducted by cycling test for 6 cycles. The physical properties of the preparation were tested before and after storage include adhesion, dispersive power, pH, viscosity and time to dry. Antioxidant activity tested with DPPH method. Based on test results obtained physical stability, third-formula gel mask physically qualified and stable, except for the dispersive power. Antioxidant activity decreased after the storage. The highest activity was shown by formula C with an IC50 value of 3497.113 ppm. Based on IC50 values, this gel mask has an inactive. antioxidant activity.

Effectiveness of the Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract as the Colorant, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial on Beef Sausage

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts addition on beef sausages. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added on beef sausages, and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts significantly reduced texture values, but increased intensity of luminosity, intensity of red color, and intensity of yellow color (P<0.05) beef sausages. It could be concluded that red dragon fruit peel extract containing phytochemical compounds was effective as an antibacterial agent and natural antioxidant. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts was effective in increasing the antioxidant activity and decreasing TBARS values. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract did not affect the reddish colorization of beef sausages, but it was capable of increasing the yellowish colorization on beef sausage.

&lt;p align="center"&gt;The radical scavenging activity of 2-2’ diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazil (DPPH) on the methanol extracts and Ethyl acetate fractions of red dragon fruit peel (&lt;em&gt;Hylocereus polyrhizus&lt;/em&gt; (F.A.C.Weber) Britton dan Rose)&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Red dragon fruit (&lt;em&gt;H. Polyrhizus&lt;/em&gt;) is one of the the plants that has a great potential as natural antioxidant. This study tested the activity of radical scavenging of 2-2' diphenyl -1- pikril hidrazil (DPPH) in the methanol extract, as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate of red dragon fruit peel. This research is carried out through various stages, such as: extraction and fractionation to obtain both insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity test is conducted by the method of thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Antioxidant activity test, IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;values of methanol extract, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and insoluble fraction of ethyl acetate had been obtained consecutively as much as 241.19 µg /mL, 8.34 µg/mL, 46.84 µg/mL. The soluble fraction of ethyl acetate had greater antioxidant activity compared to the methanol extract and the insoluble fractions of ethyl acetate.&lt;/p&gt;

Natural Deys from Fruit Waste as a Sensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the potential candidates for the next generation solar cells. One of the most attractive features of the DSSC is the low production costs. The utilization of natural dyes is a new area for investigation due to their unique capability to absorb photons from natural sunlight or artificial light and convert it into electric current. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of natural dye from red dragon fruit waste as a dye sensitizer. Red dragon fruit peel is initially extracted using methanol and the solution absorption spectra then is characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The absorption spectra is measured within a wavelength range of 400-800 nm. The characterization results show that the maximum absorption spectrum is at a wavelength of 446 nm. The natural dye solution then is used to immerse Fluorine Tin Oxide (FTO) coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The glass FTO is immersed in the dye solution for 24 hours. DSSC then is prepared by sandwiching the working electrode and counter electrode. An electrolyte solution is used to fill the interface between the two electrodes. The current and voltage (I-V) characteristics of DSSC is finally measured using amperemeter and voltmeter. The results indicated that the natural dye from the peel of red dragon fruit has potential as a dye sensitizer. Further research is still required to improve the performance of the DSSC.

DAYA TERIMA DAN TOTAL COST KOMBINASI SARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH DAN SARI BUAH JAMBU BIJI MERAH

Antioxidant plays a role as the free radical savaging. The red guava and the red dragon fruit peel contain high antioxidants so it is potentially to be a functional product. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of red guava juice and red dragon fruit peel essence addition on yoghurt acceptability and total cost. The research used a factorial design of 5 repetitions on 5 formulas. There are 1 control formula (F0) and 4 modifi cation formulas (F1, F2, F4, F5) with the addition of red guava juice and red dragon fruit peel. The panelist on this research consist of 30 untrainedpanelists. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistic using Friedman and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with α = 0,05 were used to analyze the difference of acceptability between the formulas. Panelists showed that the best treatment was F4 yoghurt formula (44% addition of fruit juice with the ratio of guava juice and red dragon fruit peel 50:50) and it has the most preferred acceptability (color, aroma, texture, and taste) with the average value was 2.91 and food cost per serving (100 ml) was Rp 2.900,00. Formula F4 has a good acceptability and lower total cost than commercialyoghurt. This formula has a potential to be an alternative functional drink. The aroma of yoghurt can be increased by eliminate cooking process on the red dragon fruit peel juice.Keywords: acceptability, red guava, red dragon fruit peel, total cost, yoghurt

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI n-HEKSAN KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton &amp; Rose) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Inappropiate antibiotic use was one of the main reason that caused pathogenic microorganism resistance, leads to ineffective treatment. One of those resistance bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. The research for discovering new antibiotics can help with this issue. The peel of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of the plants that has antibacterial compounds. The aim of this research is to prove and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit’s peel againts Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The peel was maserated with chloroform, then fractinated by n-hexane. Futhermore, the antibacterial properties of the fraction was tested using Disc Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) methode with 40, 20 dan 10 mg/mL concentrations. Ampisilin used as control positive. Based on the phytochemical screening of the fraction, the n-hexane fraction of the dragon fruit’s peel contain triterphenoid, steroid and alkaloid. Clear zones produced by 40 mg/mL is 12,80 mm and for 20 mg/mL is 11,17 mm. Wherea concentration 10 mg/mL didn’t show any inhibitory zone. According to this reasearch, the MIC value of the fraction is 20 mg/mL.

OPTIMASI PENGOLAHAN TEH KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Dragon fruit skin that had not been processed as waste in an optimal, even just be a waste to society, but the skin can be processed into a dragon fruit dragon fruit peel tea. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity, as well as the preference level of the tea panelists red dragon fruit peel and white by using the oven drying method, UV plastic, and direct sunlight. The study also aimed to analyze variations in the type of dragon fruit and drying techniques to the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity, as well as the properties of tea organoliptik dragon fruit skin. In this study used six combinations between types of dragon fruit (Red and White) and the drying method (Oven, Plastic UV and Direct Sunlight. The parameters analyzed were the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity and the level of A panelist on color, flavor, and aroma.The results show that there is significant influence on the kind of dragon fruit antioxidant levels and antioxidant activity at the 5% significance level. While the drying method does not give a different effect on the levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity. The next type of dragon fruit also gives different effect on the preference level of the color of tea panelists dragon fruit skin, while the drying method does not provide a real impact. However, the type of dragon fruit no significant effect on the taste and aroma of tea dragon fruit skin. As well as the drying method, no significant effect on the taste and aroma of tea dragon fruit skin. Keywords: dragon fruit skin, drying, tea, antioxidant levels, antioxidant activity.

Health‐promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by carbohydrate encapsulation

Betalains, which are red-purple and yellow pigments, are ideal alternatives to synthetic colorants as they possess strong coloring potential and excellent health-contributing properties. However, the instability of betalains toward normal storage and biological conditions, in addition to the limited number of betalain sources, impedes their food application and diminishes their bioactivities. This study aimed to evaluate the health-promoting bioactivities of betalains from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose) peels as affected by encapsulation in maltodextrin-gum Arabic and maltodextrin-pectin matrices. Encapsulation in maltodextrin-gum Arabic and maltodextrin-pectin matrices afforded dry betalain powders after lyophilization. Optical microscopy imaging showed that the betalain powders consisted of matrix-type and shard-like microparticles. ABTS antioxidant assay revealed that maltodextrin-gum Arabic-betalain (MGB) and maltodextrin-pectin-betalain (MPB) microparticles possessed higher antioxidant capacities (195.39 ± 8.63 and 201.76 ± 4.06 µmol Trolox g-1 microparticles respectively) than the non-encapsulated betalain extract (151.07 ± 2.57 µmol Trolox g-1 extract). Duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vascular irritation assay showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of encapsulated betalains was five- to six-fold higher than that of non-encapsulated betalains (P ≤ 0.05). Antiangiogenic activity, as evaluated by duck embryo CAM assay, was enhanced two- to four-fold by carbohydrate encapsulation. Glutathione S-transferase (GST)-inducing activity of betalains was likewise improved four- to five-fold. The study showed that the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and GST-inducing activities of betalains from red dragon fruit peels were enhanced through carbohydrate encapsulation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Application of Dragon Fruit Peels as a Dye in Red Velvet Cake

Red Dragon fruit peel that has a high antioxidant content is very useful and suitable processed into natural coloring in household industry are easily processed. One product to apply it is the Red Velvet Cake. Red Velvet Cake is basically uses natural coloring from the bits fruit and instant food coloring. This discussion will create a research that is attempting to replace the instant food coloring and natural food coloring from the bit that is commonly used in Red Velvet Cake by making use of the Dragon fruit that is considered to be food wastes. This research aims to provide a new alternative natural food coloring in the Red Velvet Cake. Experimental research is used by doing experiments and planned and systematic testing to Red Velvet Cake, and by collecting primary data and secondary data as well. All data is presented in a descriptive with SPSS. From the results of mean average can be inferred that the Red Velvet Cake using natural food coloring from Red Dragon fruit is acceptable to the community.

EFEKTIFITAS LARUTAN KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS) TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI BAKTERI DI SALIVA

TITLEThe effectiveness of red dragon fruit rind solution (Hylocereus polyrhizus) to bacteria colony in salivaABSTRACTHylocereus polyrhizus or red dragon fruit is a tradisional herb. 30-35% red dragon fruit is a rind often discarded. Rind of dragon fruit is contains natural pigments and antioxidant that are beneficial to dental health. In saliva are many types of bacteria, which can lead to harmful in the mouth Aims to determine the effect of the red dragon fruit peel extract to colonies of bacteria in saliva.Method is true experiment, design is a pre and post test design. Subjects were saliva with a red dragon fruit peel extract concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with 3 repetitions. Dragon fruit peel extract obtained by pulverized and then filtered. This type of research is analytic, statistical the Wilcoxon test. Confidence level 95% of p value 0.05. Implementation of research in the Laboratory of Microbiology Dental Health of Nursing Departmens, Politecnique of Health Kemenkes Semarang.Results the effectiveness of the solution concentration red dragon fruit peel extract of colonies bacteria was found at a concentration of 100% (p 0.05), and the lowest concentration of 25% (p 0.05). The active ingredient is a flavonoid. Antifungal and antibacterial effect produced by the red dragon fruit to contain several flavonoids, phenols, Vitamin C, Protein, carbohydrates and antioxidants. This compounds the red dragon fruit is a red and purple on this fruit. Suggestions for further research to be separation of flavonoids contained in the fruit. And for further research on the types of bacteria that effectively eliminated the fruit. Keywords : Rind hylocereus polyrhizus, saliva, bacteria.

Stability Study of Betacyanin Extract from Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Peels

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) or buah naga is one of the tropical fruits under the cactus family, Cactaceae. Dragon fruit becoming popular in Indonesia due to its attractive color, sweet, juicy pleasant taste and also the plant is beautiful. The peels of red dragon fruit is the potential sources of betacyanins which responsible for the red-violet color. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of betacyanin extract from red dragon fruit peels. In this study, the betacyanin extract from the peels of red dragon fruit was extracted by methanol and water. The stability of this pigment was evaluated by monitored the effects of storage time and pH by spectrophotometer at wavelength 538nm. This study was also investigated the kinetics degradation of betacyanin extract using the accelerated reaction method. Results analysis of red dragon fruit peels extract shown that for five hours in room temperature, betacyanin content in methanol extract was decreased about 10.44%, meanwhile betacyanin content in water extract was decreased about 22.58%. Betacyanin content was obtained from peels which extracted by methanol pH 5 (515.20μg/100g) higher than betacyanin content in water pH 5 (491.16μg/100g). Arhenius data showed that betacyanin extract in water follow the first-order kinetic model with its half life time (t ½) at 25oC was 23hours and 90%-shelf life was 76hours.

Antibakteri Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium acnes

Acne can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. By using antibiotic for the acne theraphy in a long term period can cause resistance, organ detriment and imunohypersensitivity. Red dragon fruit's peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one of natural materials which can be used for alternative antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of n-Hexane fraction of red dragon fruit's peel against S. epidermidis dan P. acnes by the method of disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Red dragon fruit's peel powder macerated within chloroform, and macerate then fractionated with n-Hexane. Phytochemical screening result red dragon fruit's peel contains terpenoid and alkaloid. Clindamycin 4μg/disk were used for positive control while DMSO 10% were used for negative control. Data analyzed by using R-Commander program 3.0.3 version.This research show that n-Hexane fraction of red dragon fruit's peel have antibacterial activity against P. acnes where the averagezone of inhibition obtained from the concentrations from 20; 40; and 80 mg/mL in a row were 9 mm; 10,25 mm; and 10,5 mm. In while, for S epidermidis n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit's peel didn't have antibacterial activity.

Efek Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Aktivitas Katalase Tikus Stres Oksidatif

Production of excess free radicals cause oxidative damage and degenerative diseases. Catalase enzyme is one of the endogenous intracellular antioxidant that can be reduced by oxidative stress conditions. The peel of red dragon fruit ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) as a potent exogenous antioxidants could support the internal enzyme activity to prevent free radicals. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of n- hexane fraction of H.polyrhizus ’s peel and the dose that could increase activity of catalase. The peel was maserated with chloroform, then fractionated by n -hexane. Stress condition was achieved by five days fasting and swimming for 10 mins/day to test animals. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the activity of catalase. The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control, negative control, dose I (10 mg/200 gBB), dose II (40 mg/200 gBB), positive control quercetin as (4 mg/200 gBB) and vitamin E (17.64 mg/kg). The activity of catalase enzyme in the normal control is 29.4 units/ml; negative control is 7.08 units/ml; dose I is 14.42 units/ml; dose II is 14.79 units/ml’quercetin is 28.18 units/ml; and vitamin E is 71.29 units/ml. Our conclusion is the activity of the catalase enzyme rat under oxidative stress can be increased by the n -hexane fraction of H. polyrhizus .

Efek Fraksi n-Heksana Kulit Hylocereus polyrhizus Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida Tikus Stres Oksidatif

Excessive free radical production will lead to oxidative stress. One of the indicators used to determine stress oxidative is malondialdehyde (MDA). Hylocereus polyhizus peel is potential used natural exogenous antioxidant. The aim of this research was to study the effect of n-hexane fraction of H.polyhizus peel on MDA level and to determine the dose that could reduce the MDA level. H.polyhizus peel was macerated with chloroform, fractionated with n-hexane. Rats were divided into 7 groups : normal, negative, positive control vitamin E (18 mg/ kgbw), positive control quercetin (4 mg/200gbw), H.polyhizus peel extract group treated with dose I (10mg/ 200gbw), dose II (20 mg/200gbw) and dose III (40 mg/200gbw). Each group consist of 4 rats and induced to oxidative stress by 10 minute swimming each day and food restriction for 5 days. Measurement of MDA level are using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis in 532 nm. MDA levels were analyzed using One way Anova and LSD test. The data shown that MDA level at normal, negative, positive vitamin E, positive kuersetin, dose I, II, III group is 0.042; 0.051; 0.034; 0.042; 0.038; 0.039; 0.042 μg/ml. The n-hexane fraction of red dragon fruit peel was a potent antioxidant because posessing the ability to lowering the MDA level on stress oxidative rats.

Influence of conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction on phenolic contents, betacyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of extraction methods on antioxidant capacities of red dragon fruit peel and flesh. Antioxidant capacities were measured using ethylenebenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent while quantitative determination of total flavonoid content (TFC) was conducted using aluminium trichloride colorimetric method. Betacyanin content (BC) was measured by spectrophotometer. Red dragon fruit was extracted using conventional (CV) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) technique to determine the most efficient way of extracting its antioxidant components. Results indicated that UE increased TFC, reduced the extraction yield, BC, and TPC, but exhibited the strongest scavenging activity for the peel of red dragon fruit. In contrast, UE reduced BC, TFC, and scavenging activity but increased the yield for the flesh. Nonetheless, UE slightly increases TPC in flesh. Scavenging activity and reducing power were highly correlated with phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Conversely, the scavenging activity and reducing power were weakly correlated with betacyanin content. This work gives scientific evidences for the consideration of the type of extraction techniques for the peel and flesh of red dragon fruit in applied research and food industry.

Optimum Condition of Beta-Cyanin Colorant Production from Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocercus polyrhizus) Peels using Response Surface Methodology

The extraction and drying processes used to produce red colorant from red dragon fruit peels were optimized to yield the highest beta-cyanin content. The types of solvents (deionized water and 80% ethanol), pH, extraction time and temperature were the independent variables in the extraction process. The amount of binding medium (acetylated oxidized starch and maltodextrin) and extract, inlet temperature and feed rate were the independent variables in the spray-drying process. Based on response surface methodology, Box-Behnaken and full factorial designs were used for the experiment, while beta-cyanin was determined as the response. Antioxidant activity of the colorant powder was also tested. The optimum extraction condition giving the highest beta-cyanin content was a pH of 5.5 at 40°C for 20 min extracted by deionized water. The optimum drying condition for the production of red colorant powder was 6% binding medium at a feed rate of 6 ml/min and an inlet temperature of 140 and 160°C for acetylated oxidized starch and maltodextrin, respectively. The experimental results following the response surface methodology corresponded well to the predicted values. The optimum drying conditions yielded a red colorant powder with antioxidant properties that could be used in food products.

Use of anthocyanin extracted from natural plant materials to develop a pH test kit for measuring effluent from animal farms

The aim of this work was to study the optimal conditions for anthocyanin extraction from natural plant materials in order to develop a pH test kit. The plant materials used were butterfly pea flower (BPF), roselle red flower (RRF) and dragon fruit peel (DFP). The solvents used in this study were distilled water, 1% HCl/95% ethanol (HE), 0.1 N acetic acid, 0.5% vinegar and 20% white liquor. A plant materialto-solvent ratio of 5: 50 (w/v) and an extraction time of 2 h were employed. The result shows that BPF could produce the highest average yield of anthocyanins, and that HE was the optimal solvent. Anthocyanins from the BPF+HE extract yielded the best properties for buffers in various pH, produced easily classifiable pH ranges, and were the most suitable to develop a pH test kit. In conclusion, the pH test kit developed by this method can be used for effluent measurement and will provide results similar in term of accuracy to those produced by a commercial pH test kit and a field pH meter.