Red Brick Wall Research Articles

Engineering Value in Projects Building Construction: Case Research Sofifi 3-Story ASN Official House - North Maluku Province

The sustainability of construction projects often hinges on managing costs effectively, as illustrated by the case study of an ASN housing building project in Sofifi, North Maluku. This research aims to achieve significant cost savings by optimizing the selection of construction materials and methods, utilizing the Value Engineering Method. This method systematically assesses the value of each component relative to its function, promoting an innovative approach to minimizing unnecessary expenditures. The research followed several structured stages: information gathering, creative ideation, analysis, evaluation, and development, each focusing on identifying feasible alternatives to reduce costs. The analysis identified two key solutions: replacing conventional flooring with precast materials for floor work and substituting lightweight brick walls with red brick walls. Implementing these changes reduced the total project cost from IDR 2,295,005,206 to IDR 1,698,939,324, achieving savings of IDR 596,115,883 (35%). The findings of this study provide practical implications for construction project management, offering a structured approach to material and method selection that can be adapted to broader-scale projects for enhanced cost-efficiency.

Analisis Perbandingan Produktivitas Tukang dan Pekerja Menggunakan Metode Time Study dan Analisis Harga Satuan Pekerjaan 2022

The working time of handymen and workers before project implementation can be calculated from the labor coefficient in units of work quantity so that productivity can be known. However, between productivity based on the 2022 AHSP coefficient and field productivity often experience differences. This study aims to calculate the productivity of handymen and workers using the time study method and the comparison of the productivity of handymen and workers the time study method against the 2022 AHSP labor coefficient in the construction of projects in Palangka Raya City for red brick wall installation work. Data collection techniques with observation by recording work time and quantity of work as well as the number of handymen and workers. The data was analyzed using the time study method assisted by Microsoft Excel. The results showed that worker productivity: 6.38 m2⁄OH and handyman: 5.83 m2⁄OH. Comparison of work productivity using the time study method to the productivity of the 2022 AHSP coefficient in red brick wall installation work shows that worker productivity has a greater value and builders have a smaller value than productivity based on the 2022 AHSP coefficient.

Comparative Analysis of The Cost of Laying Red Bricks on Building Works

Technological development continues to fulfill people's needs for work comfort. A non-structural work that has an important role in building construction projects, such as labor productivity of red brick wall installation work. This research was conducted to analyze the comparison of the average labor coefficient and labor requirements in the field with SNI 2022, as well as comparing labor wages in the field with SSHBJ. This research was conducted by conducting unstructured interviews with the site manager, to obtain primary data on the construction project of the PT Gudang Garam Tbk, cigarette depot building. This research uses quantitative methods. From the results of this analysis, the average value of the foreman's labor coefficient in the field is 0.0141: 1.0150 OH SNI, head mason in the field 0.0205: 0.0100 OH SNI, mason in the field 0.0100: 0.0100 OH SNI, helper mason in the field 0.1215: 0.3000 OH SNI. The following are the results of the comparison of the average labor requirements of foremen in the field 1: 1 OH SNI, head masons in the field 2: 1 OH SNI, mason in the field 10: 9 OH SNI, mason helper in the field 11: 28 OH SNI. Where the average wage of labor in the field is compared with SSHBJ, where for the foreman's labor in the field Rp 288,066.67: 178,500.00 SSHBJ, head mason in the field Rp 141,646.15: 245,323.08 SSHBJ, masons in the field Rp 1,635,361.54:1,260,000.00 SSHBJ, mason helper Rp 4,359,871.79: 1.120.512,82 SSHBJ.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND TIMES OF RED BRICK AND LIGHT BRICK WORK ON THE MADRASAH MALLIMIN MUALLIMAT TAMBAK BERAS JOMBANG BUILDING PROJECT

The problem in implementing the construction of the Madrasah Muallimin Muallimat Tambak Beras Jombang Building is that the available funds and time are limited. The approach regarding the material needed for this building work is light brick compared to other work items. In wall masonry work using light brick/hebel, it is necessary to analyze whether the work time can be faster and whether the price comparison obtained is cheaper. The research method used is Value Engineering analysis to produce cost savings. The results of this research include: a) Based on the results of cost and time analysis for wall items, namely by proposing alternative materials as replacements for the initial materials, resulting in cost savings of Rp. 28,298,995.61, and b) When compared with productivity, a builder is able to complete a red brick wall in 133 days, whereas with light brick wall material a builder is able to complete the work in 66 days. So, in terms of work speed, lightweight bricks are faster than red brick walls.

Analysis of Cost and Time Implementation of Red Brick, Light Brick, and Precast Panel Wall Work in Housing Project

ABSTRACT Residential facilities as suit people's purchasing power requires at this moment although to achieve that’s target shall do innovation, one of innovation is the use of efficient and effective materials. Material choices are increasing in the current era of technological advances. The ease of doing a job will speed up the implementation time which affects the cost of project implementation. One of the technological innovations in the construction sector is the emergence of new innovations for walls are lightweight bricks and precast panels which can be an option for wall work other than red brick. This research was conducted to analyze the cost and time of work on the ImpresaHaus BSD housing project specifically for wall work by comparing wall materials are red brick, light brick and precast panels. The method used is quantitative with a case study in the ImpresaHaus BSD Cluster. Data collection uses primary data in the interviews with related parties in the project. Meanwhile, the secondary data used is RAB data, Time Schedule, Work Drawings. Cost and time implementation calculations use observation data from contractors for red brick work, while walls from light brick and precast panels use AHSP PUPR Cipta Karya 2022 calculations and previous research. It was found that the cost using red brick material was IDR 68, 516,498,- lightweight brick IDR 74, 446,694, and precast panels IDR 350,535,962,-, while the time for carrying out red brick wall work required 60 days, lightweight brick 50 days, and precast panels 26 days. Keywords :Cost, brick, housing, precast, time. ABSTRAK Fasilitas hunian yang sesuai daya beli masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan jaman sekarang ini, tentu untuk mencapai hal tersebut perlu dilakukan inovasi, salah satu bentuk inovasi yang dilakukan penggunaan material yang efisien dan efektif, dimana pilihan material semakin banyak di era kemajuan teknologi saat ini. Kemudahan mengerjakan suatu pekerjaan akan mempercepat waktu pelaksanaan yang berpengaruh terhadap biaya pelaksanaan proyek. Salah satu inovasi teknologi pada bidang konstruksi yaitu munculnya inovasi baru untuk dinding berupa bata ringan dan panel precast yang dapat menjadi pilihan pekerjaan dinding selain bata merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis biaya dan waktu pekerjaan proyek perumahan ImpresaHaus BSD khusus pada pekerjaan dinding dengan membandingkan material dinding bahan bata merah, bata ringan, dan panel precast. Metode yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif dengan studi kasus di Cluster ImpresaHaus BSD. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara bersama pihak-pihak terkait di proyek. Sedangkan data sekunder yang digunakan adalah berupa data RAB, Time Schedule, Gambar Kerja. Perhitungan biaya dan waktu pelaksanaan menggunakan data pengamatan dari kontraktor untuk pekerjaan bata merah, sedangkan dinding berbahan material bata ringan dan panel precast menggunakan perhitungan AHSP Cipta Karya 2022 dan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan biaya menggunakan material bata merah adalah Rp 68, 516,498,- bata ringan Rp 74, 446,694,- dan panel precast Rp.350,535,962,-, sedangkan waktu pelaksanaan pekerjaan dinding bata merah memerlukan 60 hari, bata ringan 50 hari, dan panel precast 26 hari. Kata Kunci : Biaya, bata, perumahan, precast, waktu.

Analisis Perbandingan Biaya Struktur Pembangunan Rumah Metode RISHA dan Konvensional di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara

RISHA innovation is a variation of precast cement created by the Center for Settlement Research and Development, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing. The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of the use of structures using the RISHA and conventional methods in South Minahasa Regency. This research is a type of descriptive and comparative research. Primary data in this research was collected by direct observation and interviews, while secondary data was collected by means of literature study. This research was conducted in March-June 2023 located in South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The results of the research between the RISHA and conventional methods showed that the cost difference in building structures including sloofs, columns and beams was Rp. 2.589.926,52 atau 5,30 % greater for the conventional method and for wall work using the RISHA method using lightweight bricks amounting to Rp. 18,030,415.00 while the conventional method with red brick walls is Rp. 16,585,245.00 with a difference of Rp. 1,444,751.00 or 8,01 %. However, the RISHA method can affect plastering and wall plastering work where the RISHA method has a smaller wall area because the sloof, column and ring balk sections of the RISHA method no longer need to be plastered and plastered so it is more efficient/cheaper than the conventional method.

Annual evaluation of a modified wall with PCM to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Southeast Mexico

This research shows the numerical thermal evaluation of walls commonly used in Mexico under Merida, Yucatan weather conditions. At first, the thermal behavior of the hollow block wall (HB) was compared with the red brick wall (RB) for the warmest and coldest days of the year. Afterward, the annual thermal evaluation of an HB with and without a PCM layer (HBP) was carried out. The PCM layer was a 10 mm thick layer of RT25HC, located between the HB and the plaster facing the indoor. The results showed that the HB reduces the heat flow by 14.6% during the warmest day and increases it by 1.9% during the coldest day, compared to the RB wall. Besides, the HBP reduced the heat flux up to 48.7% regarding HB and showed a time lag in the maximum temperature of up to 3.86 h during the warmest day. Also, the PCM layer reduced the monthly CO2 emissions of the HB up to 56.4%. Therefore, incorporating a PCM layer on HB is highly recommended for buildings in Merida and similar climatic regions to reduce their energy demand and carbon footprint.

Analysis of the compressive strength of concrete from brick wall waste as a concrete mixture

<p>Every building renovation or building reconstruction often occurs demolition of the wall. The demolition of this wall becomes construction waste therefore it is necessary to experiment with using wall waste to become a productive material. This research is an experiment in making concrete using wall waste. The wall waste used is in the form of rubble from the ruins of a red brick wall. The compression test method refers to the 1974:2011 SNI regulations on concrete. In this test, the focus is on the maximum compressive strength of concrete that can be produced in the sample. Each sample of the test object is divided into three groups, each group has three test objects. The first group is a sample of pure concrete, fine aggregate 100% concrete sand. The second group is a fine aggregate experimental concrete sample containing 25% wall waste, and the third group contains 50% wall waste. The test object is in the form of a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. Concrete testing is carried out at the age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results of this study provide information that red brick wall waste can be recycled into concrete material so that it does not become construction waste. It is known that the compressive strength of concrete using additional wall waste as fine aggregate meets the requirements of structural concrete quality and can improve the quality of concrete. Furthermore, it is hoped that the wall waste can be reused as an added material to the concrete mixture in building construction activities or other construction using concrete.</p>

Hong Kong independent political documentary under the regulating dispositif: Inside the Red Brick Wall and beyond

Building upon the momentum of protests, Hong Kong independent documentarians have made efforts to record the past decade’s social movements. From the 2014 Umbrella Movement to the 2019–20 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement, more than a dozen feature-length and short documentaries of different social movements were produced. As political pressure has grown increasingly intense in recent years, the media landscape has been changing rapidly. This article applies the Foucauldian concept of dispositif to analyse these changes. If dispositif can be understood as pertaining to the regulation of power relations, then the dispositif of recent Hong Kong independent political documentaries can illuminate a crucial aspect of the changes: Mainland China and Hong Kong’s closer relationship as a regulating dispositif. Through the case of Inside the Red Brick Wall () and the implementation of the Hong Kong version of the National Security Law, the article shows how this regulating dispositif has recently pushed the deterritorialization of Hong Kong independent political documentary.

The ‘We’ in two pairs of documentaries about protests by The 70’s Biweekly syndicate and the 2019 Hong Kong Documentary Workers

In the history of Hong Kong, the two largest and most impactful waves of social movements took place in the 1960s–70s and in the 2010s. The two documentaries-pair, 香港保衛釣魚台示威 (The Protect Diao Yu Islands Protest in Hong Kong) (1971) and 給香港的文藝青年 (To Hong Kong Intellectual Youths) (1978) produced by the anarcho-pacifist 70年代雙週刊 (The 70’s Biweekly) syndicate, and 佔領立法會 (Taking Back the Legislature) (2020) and 理大圍城 (Inside the Red Brick Wall) (2020) produced by Hong Kong Documentary Filmmakers effectively construct a ‘We’ of the protesters in alliance in the Butlerian sense. In the case of the 2020 films, this ‘We’ is unwittingly expanded by the government by imposing censorship on them, thus creating another layer of alliance with some Hong Kongers who might not have even watched the films, but stand in solidarity with the filmmakers in defending freedom of expression.

Inventory

Inventory Karen Kao (bio) The security guard assumes that I am a tourist. I'm in a queue awaiting my timed entry into the Rijksmuseum, the Dutch national repository for art and history. He speaks kindly to me in his charmingly mangled version of English. I do not venture to correct him, nor do I disclose my command of his language. The guard recommends that I take the audio tour of the Slavery exhibit. Many years ago, when I was a newly minted lawyer in Washington, D.C., I found myself near the courthouse in need of lunch. The street vendor recommended a chili hot dog, then complimented me on my mastery of the English language. He asked, where did you learn to speak so well? I said, at the Montebello Unified School District in Los Angeles, California. Not long after, I married a Dutchman, and when we married, I knew already that we would be leaving D.C. for Amsterdam. Inside the Slavery exhibit at the Rijksmuseum, I stand out. Of the hundred or so visitors allowed in that space at any one time, I can count the people of color on my fingers. No exotic garb or loud language identifies them as outsiders. They are, I suspect, as Dutch as I am. When I moved to the Netherlands three decades ago, the Dutch stared at me in the street. In Amsterdam, where I live, the interest has always seemed to me to be commercially motivated. Shopkeepers hope that I am a wealthy Asian tourist and are disappointed to find I am not. But the Netherlands is a civilized country. No one attempts to touch my straight black hair or rub my nose or take my photograph on the sly. ________ A photograph hangs in the Slavery exhibit. Six women and a baby pose against a matte background, framed on either side by large bushes. The photograph known as Inventory No. RP-F-1994-12-3 is printed in sepia tones. I can see neither the green of the bushes nor the ubiquitous red brick wall against which they stand. My imagination supplies the electric blue, the blush rose, the ochre yellow of the dresses, and the exact tint of the darkness of their skin. Since the Netherlands is a largely racially homogenous nation, I am often the only person of color in the room. The Netherlands favors a Talmudic approach towards its migrants. We are classified as first or second generation, west versus east. My Chinese parents might be surprised to learn that here I am considered a person with a western migration background. This category includes migrants from Europe (but not Turkey), North America, Oceania, Indonesia, and Japan. According to the Dutch Central Bureau for Statistics, the socioeconomic and cultural position enjoyed by people from Indonesia and Japan warrant their inclusion into the panoply of the west. I wonder how the ancestors of migrants born in the former Dutch East Indies would regard this modern label. Iron brands once marked enslaved persons as the property of the Dutch East or West Indies Company. In the former Dutch colony of Batavia, the most valuable enslaved persons were [End Page 225] Balinese women renown for their beauty. Balinese men, on the other hand, were generally shunned for their unaccountably angry nature and propensity toward violence. ________ In the photograph known as Inventory No. RP-F-1994-12-3, six women and a baby pose on a lawn. The women wear voluminous skirts, fussy short jackets, and fancifully folded headscarves. Their backs are erect and their faces set. Perhaps they're cold, standing as they are on the frigid Dutch earth so far away from home. Perhaps they have been told to stop squirming so that the photographer might take his shot. The six women and the baby in the photograph live in a human zoo known as the Surinam Pavilion. From May to October 1883, over one million visitors will peek into their reconstructed huts, watch the women pound cassava, and the baby sleep through the first International Colonial and Export Exhibition in Amsterdam. The Netherlands abolished slavery in 1863. And yet, twenty years later, six women and a...

Phantasms of Dissent

Taking Back the Legislature and Inside the Red Brick Wall depict two critical events in Hong Kong’s relentless 2019 protests, illuminating the messy scrum of direct actions in unflinching detail. Produced collectively and credited anonymously out of concern for the filmmakers’ safety, they present a formal challenge to the tropes and ethics of documentary filmmaking that have come to redefine Hong Kong cinema and the “copaganda” film as genre. This article takes a necessary intervention to study Taking Back the Legislature and Inside the Red Brick Wall formally, reaching beyond the political controversies and censorship issues surrounding these films. Decoding uses of blur, this article examines how the filmmakers accomplish a way of seeing that is beyond surveillance cinema—undoing the trope of a singular, exposed protagonist in favor of an anonymized, blurred and phantasmic mass—that poses a new cinematic vernacular of fugitivity.

Study on seismic performance of red brick walls vs. Autoclaved Aerated concrete block walls

Bricks are usually the building blocks of a structure’s wall. In India, the construction of buildings using red bricks is commonly practised, which causes a heavy load on the structure, leading to seismic failure. The popularity of red bricks is because of its durability, low-cost, convenience and feasibility, however, due to the growing needs, the demand for red bricks has been increased rapidly. To match this demand, Fertile lands are to be sacrificed which it cannot be done on large scales. To add on, the demand for skilled labour and the cost of fuel for klin also increases, these all factors together makes the red bricks costlier. Alternatives for bricks were researched, which This lead to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC),The lightweight rigid materials present in the AAC blocks reduce the self-weight of the building structure. AAC blocks are eco-friendly, lightweight, and all-weather construction materials that are designed to offer superior performance and durability. They are almost equivalent to, nine times the size of traditional red brick and also these provide better compressive strength. Out of all the labour demand is very minimal and workability is very high. so here we compare the analysis of the seismic performance of Red brick walls VS Autoclaved Aerated Concrete block walls. Here we considered an apartment building of G + 5 storeys in seismic zone III (Chennai). The impact of AAC blocks on seismic responses of RC framed structures is analysed by using the ETABS software. The primary goal is to compare the results of Storey displacement in both axis, Maximum base shear and storey drift under the seismic conditions and how AAC blocks are adequate when compared to conventional red bricks.

Equivalency of the diagonal shear strength of plastered and non-plastered lightweight brick walls to the strength of red brick walls

Simple (non-engineered) house buildings are so popular in Indonesia. However, the vast majority of these buildings were damaged in the past earthquake events. In such building type, the masonry walls contribute as structural elements to withstand the load. Currently, the innovation that is emerged to be favoured by the community is lightweight brick walls, therefore, such kinds of walls need to be deeply and widely explored by a series of research. The purposes of this study are to compare the maximum shear loads between plastered and non-plastered brick walls as well as lightweight brick walls with various thicknesses through laboratory tests and to find the equality of maximum shear loads lightweight brick walls against red brick walls. This study used laboratory test and literature study. This study concludes that, the addition of plaster on a lightweight brick wall provides additional maximum load to the wall in the amount of 74,6336%. Maximum load of non-plastered red brick walls is equivalent to the strength of a non-plastered light brick wall with a thickness of 47.26 mm. For plastered red brick walls, maximum load to carry is equivalent to plastered lightweight brick walls with a thickness of 168.76 mm.

Effects of climate change on the moisture performance and durability of brick veneer walls of wood frame construction in Canada

The objective of this study was to assess the potential effects of climate change on the moisture performance and durability of red matt clay brick veneer walls of wood frame construction on the basis of results derived from hygrothermal simulations. One-dimensional simulations were run using DELPHIN 5.9 for selected moisture reference years of the 15 realizations of modelled historical (H: 1986-2016) and future (F: 2062-2092) climate data of 12 Canadian cities. The mold growth index at the outer layer of the OSB sheathing panel was used to compare the moisture performance under H and F periods. Results for the base design that meet the minimum requirements of the National Building Code of Canada showed that cities within the interior of the country, characterized by a low annual rainfall, are less likely to develop significant mold growth under H and F periods, whereas cities in coastal areas, characterized by high annual rainfall, present a heightened risk to mold growth under both H and F periods. For cities located on the west coast, a possible solution could be to use a 38-mm ventilated drainage cavity as this measure would help dissipate moisture from within the cavity. On the east coast, apart from using a 38-mm ventilated drainage cavity, other measures aiming at reducing the wind-driven rain deposition (i.e., increasing overhang ratio or the height of the roof) could be introduced. However, the feasibility of such measures needs to be considered in respect to whether these are to be implemented as part of a new building or retrofit of an existing one.

Experimental study of heat transfer coefficients on red clay brick wall

Experimental study of heat transfer coefficients on red clay brick wall

Effect of Color Coating of Cover Plate on Thermal Behavior of Flat Plate Solar Collector

An important trend of Building Integrated Solar Thermal (BIST) system is to improve the aesthetic aspect of the solar collector to meet the requirement of architectural style and energy collection. Painting on the glass cover in an appropriate method is a simple and practical way. In this study, a halftone coating was used to print a red brick wall pattern on the glass cover. A series of comparative experiments were carried out to test the effect of the coating on the thermal behavior of the solar collector. In heat collection processes, compared with the solar collector with blank cover plate, the one with coated cover plate has lower absorber plate temperature and higher cover plate temperature. The lower the solar irradiance, the smaller the effect of color coating on the solar collector. Compared with the uncoated surface, the coated surface is more sensitive to solar irradiation. In the same heat collection process, compared with the solar collector coated on the outer surface of the cover plate, the one coated on the inner surface has 0.8 °C higher heat absorber plate temperature and 5% lower top heat loss.

Comparative Analysis of Conventional Mortars and Instant Mortars (RAPI) Against Stone and Plastering Wall Pairs Judging from Quality, Cost, and Time

The development of technology in construction has resulted in ready-made Mortar products is one product that is increasingly needed in the construction industry for several reasons such as material source, project location, quality accuracy, material efficiency, management and price factors. The larger the scale of the city and the more difficult to get quality materials at low prices and increasingly complex handling, it is enough to make an excuse in developing a more practical product with better quality assurance. The aim is to lead to ease in the process of work in the field while continuing to prioritize quality, but its utilization is still not maximized. This study tries to determine the neat instant mortar comparison with conventional mortar against the cost, quality, and time of the red brick and plastering wall pairs. The results showed that the compressive strength in 28 days the compressive strength of Mortar RM-115 with a compressive strength of 215.88 kg / cm2 which is larger and more measurable than Conventional Mortar with a value of 151.76 kg / cm2 whose implementation is sometimes incorrect. The time needed to complete the red brick wall pair work using Mortar RM-115 material is 14 days, while the time needed on the work of the red brick wall pair Conventional Mortar material is 15 days. So that the work of the red brick wall pair using the Mortar RM-115 material is more efficient 1 day and cleaner storage compared to using conventional Mortar material. The price of installing red brick walls with Mortar RM-115 materials in Bintaro Sector 7 housing is Rp. 36,858,425.99. While the price of installing red brick walls and plastering using conventional Mortar materials in Bintaro Sector 7 housing is Rp. 47,188,780.22. Work Installation of red brick walls and plaster using Mortar materials RM-115 is more expensive with a difference of Rp. 10,330,354.23.

Study on Non-Engineered Building Vulnerability with Red Brick Masonry Wall through Finite Element Analysis

In this study comparing two types of simple house forms that were built without using count analysis. The building uses beams and columns that are usually used in a simple house in Indonesia. The modeled building consists of a square cross section and L cross section, also the modeled wall consists of a full wall, a wall with door openings, walls with door and window openings. Modeling using STERA 3D software to model non-engineered building comprise beams and columns and STERA FEM software for modeling walls. Modeling was carried out to analyze building shear stiffness, earthquake acceleration, and wall deflection when receiving loads. The loading in this study uses dead loads and earthquake loads using the time history method. The results of the modeling are the largest shear stiffness of a simple house building with a square cross-section of 35 kN/cm. The maximum land acceleration resulting is 8.72 m/s2. The largest wall deflection occurs at a load of 20 kN with a deflection value of 58.83 mm on the wall with door and window openings. The high deflection value is caused by the influence of the width openings on the wall and the load go down to the wall.

Comparative Analysis of Time and Cost in the Work Installation of Walls outside the Building Using Red Brick Walls and Light Brick Walls in the City of Kaltim Post Tenggarong

Comparative Analysis of Time and Cost in the Work Installation of Walls outside the Building Using Red Brick Walls and Light Brick Walls in the City of Kaltim Post Tenggarong