Red Blood Cell Count Research Articles

Impact of Gold Nanoparticles Intraperitoneal Injection on Mice's Erythrocytes and Renal Tissue.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different types of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) delivered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on blood and kidney tissue changes in a mouse model. Three groups of fifteen adult male BALB/c healthy mice, weighing approximately 25-30 g, were used for the experiment and designated G1, G2, and G3, respectively. G1 mice received vehicle, whereas G2 and G3 received an IP injection of 10 mg/kg body weight of methoxy poly ethylene glycol gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) and fluorescently dye labeled gold nanoparticles (Dye-AuNPs), respectively. Hematological parameters were measured based on the standard complete blood cell count (CBC) technique. The two nanoparticles, i.e., PEG-AuNPs and Dye-AuNPs, significantly reduced most red blood cell (RBC) parameters in the groups with the exception of a nonsignificant effect on hemoglobin (HBG) levels. Both gold nanoparticles, i.e., PEG-AuNPs and Dye-AuNPs, led to a reduced RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level when compared with the control. Notably, Dye-AuNPs and PEG-AuNPs resulted in a considerably higher RBC distribution RDW-(CV % and SD fL). Glomerular injury was suggested based on the development of hydropic degeneration and the presence of a protein-rich fluid inside the tubules. Renal tissue and blood indices changed significantly in response to the two nanoparticles, suggesting possible organ injury.

A-143 Comparative Evaluation of K2EDTA Performance in Multinational Vacutainers: A Case Study of “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson

Abstract Background This research paper presents a thorough comparison of the anticoagulant properties of K2EDTA in two multinational vacutainer brands, “DBO” by Schraubg and “BD” by Becton, Dickinson, with a specific focus on critical hematological parameters. The study encompassed the analysis of 50 samples, spanning a wide range of values from 60 fl to 110 fl, evaluating key parameters such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count. Methods Peripheral blood samples were gathered from 50 outpatient participants using the specified tubes. The samples underwent assessment for six hematological analytes, including RBC Count, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Comparative analysis was performed using the paired t-test. Differences exceeding the total allowable error were considered clinically significant. To assess stability, initial results were compared with those obtained from samples preserved for a duration of 2 hours Results Our findings indicate that the use of “DBO” vacutainers resulted in slightly higher values for Hb, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and RBC count compared to the “BD” vacutainers. Notably, the statistical significance was observed in MCV, HCT, and MCHC across nearly all samples, while Hb and RBC parameters showed no significant changes. Given the crucial role of K2EDTA as an anticoagulant in maintaining the hypotonicity of Red Blood Cells (RBCs), ensuring accurate hematological analyses is imperative. Conclusions Although the T-value for Hemoglobin did not exhibit statistical significance, the study identified notable differences in Hematocrit (HCT) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). This underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate vacutainer brand to ensure reliability and accuracy in hematological measurements, particularly when assessing MCV, where even slight variations can carry clinical implications. The results underscore the necessity for clinicians and laboratories to carefully consider the choice of vacutainers based on their specific requirements and the critical nature of the hematological parameters under analysis.

B-118 Comparison of Statistical Methods, Chauvenet Test, and Interquartile Deviation for Urinary Sediment Inter Microscopists Evaluation

Abstract Background Comparison among microscopists is a quality process aimed at achieving comparability of analyses among collaborators who perform microscopy or manual analysis examinations, as in the case of urinary sediment examination. The current laboratory process evaluates red blood cell and white blood cell counts among microscopists within the same unit, aiming to identify discrepant counts through the application of statistical tools, with Chauvenet Statistics and Interquartile Deviation (IQD) being the most common in the literature. The purpose was to systematically compare Chauvenet Statistics and IQD as evaluation criteria for the comparison among microscopists for urinary sediment examination in our laboratories. Methods A total of 45 laboratory units within a total of 684 participants were analyzed throughout 2023. The results reported by microscopists from the same unit were evaluated using Chauvenet Statistics and IQD, calculating the adequacy rate for each type of assessment. Results Adopting IQD as the evaluation criterion, adequacy rates of 94.20% for red blood cell counts and 93.73% for white blood cell counts were observed. Using Chauvenet Statistics, the adequacy rates were 96.20% for red blood cells and 95.65% for white blood cells. This difference stems from 233 results identified as inadequate by the IQD method but deemed adequate by Chauvenet Statistics. In these cases, the results did not exhibit a normal distribution, approaching an expected distribution for categorical (discrete) variables. Additionally, 35 results identified as inadequate by Chauvenet Statistics were evaluated as adequate by the IQD method. These occurrences were observed when the reported results approached a normal distribution. Conclusions Regarding Chauvenet Statistics, IQD is a more efficient statistical tool for use as an evaluation criterion in the comparison among microscopists who perform red and white blood cell counts for urinary sediment examination in the selected laboratory units. However, the present study illustrated that each of the statistical tools will be more efficient in identifying outliers depending on the dataset analyzed. Therefore, it is important to consider the laboratory's epidemiology and population to decide which statistical tool is most suitable for each scenario.

Assessment of Haematological Parameters and Body Mass Index Among Geriatric Out- Patients in Ekpoma, Edo State

Aging is associated with physiological changes that affect various bodily systems, including the hematological system. This study aimed to evaluate hematological parameters and Body Mass Index (BMI) in geriatric subjects (≥60 years) and compare them with apparently healthy young adults (20-33 years). A total of 100 subjects (50 geriatrics and 50 controls) were recruited for this study. Hematological parameters, including white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count, were assessed. BMI was calculated, and comparisons were made between geriatric and control groups. The results showed higher BMI values in geriatric subjects, although not statistically significant. White blood cell count was lower in geriatric subjects, while lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, and platelet count showed no significant differences. Hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher in geriatric subjects. The findings suggest that ageing is associated with changes in hematological parameters and BMI, which may not necessarily indicate disease. The study's results are consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for hematological values among blacks and highlight the importance of considering age-related changes in hematological parameters when assessing the health status of geriatric subjects.

Key biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not just a local health issue but a significant global health burden, affecting patient outcomes and clinical management worldwide. Despite the wealth of studies reporting T2DM biomarkers, there is an urgent need for a comparative review. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis based on the reported T2DM biomarkers and how these are linked with other conditions, such as inflammation and wound healing. A comparative review was conducted on 24 001 study participants, including 10 024 T2DM patients and 13 977 controls (CTL; age 30-90 years). Four main profiles were extracted and analysed from the clinical reports over the past 11 years: haematological (1084 cases vs. 1458 CTL), protein (6753 cases vs. 9613 CTL), cytokine (975 cases vs. 1350 CTL) and lipid (1212 cases vs. 1556 CTL). This review provides a detailed analysis of the haematological profile in T2DM patients, highlighting fundamental changes such as increased white blood cells and platelet counts, accompanied by decreases in red blood cell counts and iron absorption. In the serum protein profile, a reduction in albumin and anti-inflammatory cytokines was noted along with an increase in globulin levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, changes in lipid profiles were discussed, specifically the decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides. Understanding the changes in these four biomarker profiles is essential for developing innovative strategies to create diagnostic and prognostic tools for diabetes management.

B-307 Comparative studies on serum quantitative immunoglobulin assay and serum protein electrophoresis for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma

Abstract Background Various clinical laboratory tests are valuable in enhancing the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. The nephelometric-based serum quantitative immunoglobulin test provides great utility to understand the magnitude of antibody-mediated responses and is useful in interpreting Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEs). In clinical practice, several (SPEs) are ordered without a preliminary order of serum quantitative immunoglobulins but pathologists can and do order the test for comparison. However, there is seldom any data in the literature describing the correlative relationship between the two tests. It is therefore imperative to create an evidenced-based system of test-ordering for the laboratory investigation of the presence of monoclonal protein. The goal of the project is to compare the results of quantitative serum immunoglobulin assay and SPE in order to determine their concordance. Methods In this preliminary phase of the project, retrospective results of quantitative serum immunoglobulin assay and SPEs that were performed simultaneously were retrieved from the electronic medical records. The span of data extended to the past 1 year. If there is an additional immunofixation (IFE) order associated with the SPE, the IFE report was also retrieved for further comparison. Based on the etiology of multiple myeloma, results of calcium, red blood cell count and creatinine were also pooled and analyzed. Results of free light chain assay and associated kappa-lambda ratios were also obtained. All the data obtained were entered into and filtered in excel spreadsheet program and subsequently analyzed with GraphPad prism. Results 1000 patient results were analyzed, of which 404 were males and 596 were females. 200 of the patients had either SPE or quantitative immunoglobulin performed which had the following age demographic; 23 were between 18-39 years, 52 were 40-59 years and 125 were 60-89 years. This data suggests geriatric population are more likely to be seen for multiple myeloma suspicion. There were 60 concurrent orders. Of this, there was 65.5% agreement between the serum quantitative immunoglobulin assay and SPE or IFE while 34.5% showed a mismatch. 26% of the orders for quantitative immunoglobulins assay had no follow-up SPE. A high Kappa/lambda ratio was concordant with a positive SPE 83% of the time. But only 66% of normal kappa/lambda ratio matched a normal SPE. Conclusions Here, we have shown that in addition to the kappa/lambda ratio, the quantitative immunoglobulins test has a considerable agreement with SPE and may be an important preliminary test. The test could be useful to rule out monoclonal gammopathy, confirm polyclonal pattern or embolden a normal SPE interpretation. The present research will have a direct impact on the diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathy and enhance appropriate test utilization. The research will improve the development of a better ordering policy for laboratory operations with respect to the work up of multiple myeloma. As more data is unraveled, better understanding will be gained into the relationship between quantitative immunoglobulin and SPE for better patient care.

A-164 Establishment and Verification of Reference Intervals for Red Blood Cell Series and Total Leukocytes in Whole Blood Counts of Chilean Adults Using refineR and Multi Criteria Expectation Maximization Methods

Abstract Background This study aimed to define RIs for red blood cell series and total leukocytes in the complete blood count, in adult patients. Methods We used a sample of 822 patients aged 18 to 60 years, both female and male. The study focused on the red blood cell series (RBC Count, hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW) and total leukocytes. RIs and respective 90% confidence intervals were estimated using the refineR method and a multi-criteria method combining the Expectation Maximization algorithm, mode, antimode analysis, an adapted Horn algorithm (5 cycles of Tukey's test with intermediate trimming and 2 cycles of Tukey's test with Box-Cox transformed data if applicable after analyzing Lambda, kurtosis, and skewness coefficients) and distribution truncation based on clusters and antimode. The RIs estimates using refineR and multi-criteria methods were compared to the manufacturer's specifications (Mindray). Flagging Rates were used to validate the method that estimates the most representative RI for the population served by the laboratory. Equivalence Interval and Bias Ratio were utilized to assess the practical relevance of sex-based partitioning. Results The method based on the multicriteria approach demonstrated the best performance, with flagging rates showing results lower than 4.7% and higher than 0.9% after the truncation of the results distribution. In general, the refineR method generated very narrow RIs, while the manufacturer's specifications resulted in very wide or shifted RIs, which do not adequately represent the data distribution profile. It was identified the need to partition by sex for the parameters Red Blood Cell Count, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit, which is in agreement with the manufacturer's specifications. Conclusions The estimated RIs better represent the laboratory-served population, highlighting the importance of adhering to ISO 15189 normative requirements. This involves verifying and/or determining RIs to provide representative information of the served population, thereby aiding in medical decision-making.

Factors Related To Compliance With The Consumption Of Iron Tablets In Adolescent Females

Background : Anemia is a condition characterized by decreased hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and impaired oxygen requirements. One type of anemia that is often experienced by adolescents is iron deficiency anemia, due to the high iron requirements for adolescent growth which is inversely proportional to the amount of iron intake of adolescents. Many factors cause adolescent girls not to consume or still low consumption of Iron Supplement Tablets in Adolescent Girls. This study aims to determine the factors that influence compliance in taking iron tablets in adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 1 Kotabunan. Materials and Methods: This type of research uses quantitative observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach conducted on 74 female students taken from total sampling. Data collection was obtained from a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by univariate analysis carried out on each variable and bivariate using the Charles Spearman Correlation Test or Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient with a confidence level (alpha) of 0.05. Results:of the study showed that respondents started menstruating at the age of 11-12 years by 35%, adolescent girls were obedient in consuming iron tablets by 57 people (77%), knowledge of adolescent girls by 67 people (90.5%) with a good category, Teacher Support 82.4%, Family 66.2% and Peers 77% supported adolescent girls consuming iron tablets, the correlation coefficient value with the Spearman's Rank test. for knowledge with compliance in consuming iron tablets 0.000, teacher support 0.003, family support 0.000 and peer support 0.007. There is a relationship between the level of knowledge, teacher support, family support and peer support with compliance in consuming iron tablets with a correlation coefficient value (sig.2-tailed) <0.05. Conclusion: Adolescents in the growth and development period require adequate nutrient intake including the consumption of iron tablets to avoid anaemia. This study shows that factors associated with adherence to iron tablet consumption in adolescent girls are knowledge, attitude, parental support and teacher support.

Accuracy of the model derived from red blood cell indices in predicting α0-thalassemia trait among non-anemic pregnant women

BackgroundThe study aims to establish prediction model derived from red blood cell indices to improve the accuracy of α0-thalassemia trait screening in non-anemic pregnant women. MethodA diagnostic study as secondary analysis on the prospective database was conducted. The participants were pregnant women, undergoing α0-thalassemia screening at first visit antenatal care using red blood cell indices with confirmation by PCR method. Diagnostic performance of each of red blood cell parameter and their combination derived from logistic regression analysis in predicting α0-thalassemia trait were determined. FindingsThe total 587 Thai pregnant women were included in the analysis, consisting of 136 cases of α0-thalassemia trait and 451 normal controls. Diagnostic performance analysis revealed that, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) provided a sensitivity of 98.5 % and a false positive rate of 20.2 %. While The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) provided a sensitivity of 99.3 % and a false positive rate of 15.7 %. The combined-parameters prediction model including hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), and red blood cell (RBC) count, demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.992, sensitivity of 99.3 %, and much lower false positive rate of 4 %. InterpretationThe combined-parameter prediction model provided excellent diagnostic performance with low false positive rate. The application of the prediction model could decrease unnecessary PCR method for α0-thalassemia testing, thereby decreasing the cost of investigation. Our proposed model can possibly have a great impact or significant change in clinical practice, especially in Southeast Asia.

Platelet Indices – Are They Really Biomarkers in Psoriasis? A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with multiple systemic manifestations in common with other inflammatory disorders. Platelet activation has recently been proposed a major pathogenic factor in psoriasis. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are considered platelet activation markers. Although there are various inflammatory markers reported to be abnormal in psoriasis, a simple cost-effective and clinically useful marker that could predict the severity of the disease and be used to know about its association with systemic abnormalities and response to treatment is still under study. Aim: The aim of our study was to look at the association of platelet indices with psoriasis and its severity. Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study in which 50 patients with psoriasis and 50 apparently healthy age and sex-matched controls who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A detailed history was elicited, and a clinical examination was done including anthropometric measurements and calculation of psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Investigations including hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet count, plateletcrit, MPV, PDW, and red cell distribution width (RDW) were done. Results: Out of 50 psoriasis patients recruited, 40 (80%) had moderate-to-severe psoriasis, whereas 10 had mild psoriasis (10%) based on PASI scores. In majority of cases, the hemoglobin, PCV, RBC, and WBC counts were within the normal range and were comparable with that of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of platelet count, MPV, PDW, plateletcrit, and RDW between cases and controls. There was no significant association between platelet indices and severity of psoriasis. Conclusion: There was no significant association between platelet indices including RDW and the presence or absence of psoriasis in our study. Furthermore, among patients with psoriasis, there was no significant association between platelet indices and severity of the disease.

Lactational performance and hematological effects of capsaicin supplementation in dairy cows: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects of capsaicin (CAP) on lactational performance and blood chemistry and cell counts in dairy cattle. The database comprised 11 peer-reviewed studies published between 2011 and 2024. The overall effect of CAP, challenge (e.g., ketosis, glucose tolerance, LPS), and dose were considered explanatory variables in the analysis. Lactation performance response variables included DMI, milk yield (MY), ECM yield, feed efficiency (FE), milk components, and BW. Hematological response variables included red and white blood cell counts and blood BHB, total fatty acids, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Data were analyzed using random- and mixed-effect models in the "robumeta" package in RStudio. Milk yield was increased by 2.9% by CAP when compared with control. Capsaicin supplementation increased FE by 3.4% compared with control. Milk fat concentration and yield were also increased by CAP compared with control by 2.6% and 4.0%, respectively. Blood glucose concentrations were decreased 2.5% by CAP supplementation, whereas insulin levels were unaffected. Cows fed CAP during a challenge had higher MY and FE and tended to have lower blood glucose than their control counterparts. Overall, this analysis suggests that CAP supplementation may be directly affecting host physiology by altering glucose metabolism, but further research to define the mechanism is warranted.

A Novel Intravaginal Contraceptive Plug for Cats: A Preliminary Biocompatibility Assessment on Haematology and Vaginal Swab.

This preliminary study evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel degradable intravaginal plug contraceptive composed of PEG 4000 and chitosan in cats using haematological profiling and vaginal cytology. Five healthy, non-pregnant female cats were fully anaesthetised and fitted with an intravaginal plug (10 × 0.3 mm) using an applicator, following oestrogen administration 3 h prior. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein on days 0 (pre-insertion) and 3 and 7 (post-insertion). Vaginal cytology examinations were conducted on day 0 (pre- and post-oestrogen injection) and days 1, 3 and 7 post-insertion. Haematological parameters, including red blood cell count, haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values, total white blood cell count and differentiation, showed no significant changes after contraceptive insertion (p > 0.05). Vaginal cytology indicated an acute inflammatory response in one out of five subjects on day three post-insertion. The distribution of vaginal epithelial cells (parabasal, intermediate and superficial) remained unaffected by contraception. Oestrogen injection resulted in the dominance of superficial cells up to day 7 of observation (p < 0.05). Overall, PEG 4000 and chitosan-based intravaginal plug contraceptives demonstrated sufficient biocompatibility, indicating their potential as viable contraceptive options for feline use.

A study of the prevalence of psoriasis in the city of Fallujah and its correlation with some immunological and hematological parameters

Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease with associated systemic inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of psoriasis in the city of Fallujah on 859 patients visiting dermatology physician and also to determine the effect of psoriasis on the levels of some hematological parameters including total and differential white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelets count in 102 psoriatic patient and 62 people for control. The study concluded presence of mild prevalence of cutaneous psoriasis among patients visiting dermatologist physicians in Fallujah city which was abundant mostly in young adults (21-30) years and elevated incidence in males. Some hematological markers could be considered as a tool for differentiating cutaneous psoriasis from other cutaneous infections and have correlations with PASI system of diagnosis. WBCs count was elevated in psoriasis. The most abundant types in psoriasis are neutrophils and lymphocytes and platelets would be lower in psoriatic patients in correlation with severity of the disease.

Impact of iron deficiency anemia on academic achievement among female university students in Saudi Arabia.

Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is a prevalent health issue globally and in Saudi Arabia, especially among young adult females. This study investigates the association between anemia and academic achievement among female students at the Female Health Campus of Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study included 118 randomly selected participants aged 18-22. A validated questionnaire was administered to the study participants. The participants underwent blood tests for complete blood count (CBC) parameters and iron profile analysis. The study reported that 52.5% of the female students had anemia and low serum iron levels. Regarding academic performance, significant positive correlations were found between various CBC parameters including white cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and serum iron. However, no significant correlations were observed between red blood cell count and platelet count with academic performance. Demographic variables were also associated with a higher odds ratio of anemia. The study highlights the prevalence of anemia among female students and its potential impact on academic achievement. The current study underscores the importance of addressing anemia in young adult females and implementing appropriate interventions to improve their educational outcomes.

Effects of 90-Minute Football Match on Red Blood Indices in Sedentary Young Males

While exercise-induced haemorheological alterations are well-documented in various sports, the specific impact of a football match on red blood cell (RBC) parameters remains unknown. This study investigates the acute effects of a 90-minute football match on RBC indices in sedentary young males. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty (20) moderately active, non-smoking male volunteers (mean age: 20.00 ± 0.4 years) participated in the study. Venous blood samples were collected pre- and post- football match to assess RBC count, haematocrit (HCT), and plasma volume (PV). Data generated were subjected to paired student's t-tests using SPSS, to compare values between pre- and post-match measurements. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in haematocrit (HCT) and red blood cell count (RBC) after the match (p &lt; 0.05) when compared to pre-match values. This was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma volume (PV) (p &lt; 0.05), which was higher than pre-match values. These changes suggest that the physiological demands of the football match influenced blood parameters, likely due to fluid shifts and haemodilution during intense physical activity. These findings suggest potential implications for exercise physiology, diagnosis, and therapy in sports medicine.

Iron supplementation post-blood donation in Vietnam: Impact on hemoglobin, red cell indices, and iron reserves

Background. Regular blood donation plays a pivotal role in mitigating the formation of free radicals by regulating iron accumulation. However, frequent blood donation can lead to chronic iron deficiency. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of daily iron supplementation as an intervention to expedite hemoglobin (Hb) recovery among frequent blood donors at a hospital in Vietnam. Methodology. Conducted longitudinally within the Hematology Department of a Hanoi hospital from February to July 2023, our study involved 104 eligible participants. They received a daily iron supplement comprising 100 mg of elemental iron, 0.75 mg of folic acid, and 5 mg of zinc sulfate for a minimum of 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at three key time points: before blood donation during recruitment, immediately after donation, and at least 8 weeks post-donation. Results. Our findings revealed moderate, statistically significant positive correlations between elemental iron administration and changes in platelet count (PLT), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (r = 0.753, p &lt;0.001; r = 0.887, p &lt;0.001; and r = 0.703, p &lt;0.001, respectively). Additionally, weak but significant correlations were observed between elemental iron administration and red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDWC), and red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDWS) (r = 0.260, p = 0.002; r = 0.302, p = 0.005; r = 0.160, p = 0.010; r = 0.120, p = 0.020; and r = 0.400, p &lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusion. Over an eight-week duration, the regimen of daily iron supplementation yielded significant improvements in both red cell variables, red cell indices, and iron study variables, demonstrating its potential clinical impact.

Evaluation of Immuno-Hematological Parameters of Severe and Mild COVID-19 Cases in Babylon Province, Iraq

The hematopoietic system plays a very important role in contracting the corona virus infection. Hematology indicators are among the factors related to the clinical results of patients with covid-19 due to their cost-effectiveness, availability, speed and convenience of testing. The aim of this study was comparing hematological parameters including the number of Red Blood Cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count among mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 Iraqi patients COVID-19 patients. Subjects were classified into two groups with mild (n= 50) and severe (n=50) COVID-19 infection symptoms based on the clinical criteria. The hematological parameters measurement included Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, Platelet count (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT) levels, Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV). An independent sample T-test was used to compare the means of hematological parameters between two groups. Results: The RBC count was significantly lower in severe group compared to mild group (P ≤ 0.05). HCT levels were significantly reduced in the severe group compared to mild group (P ≤ 0.05). The severe patients had a significantly lower PLT than mild patients (P ≤ 0.05). No significant difference in Hb levels was observed between severe and mild patients. The severe patients had a significantly higher PDW than mild patients (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the severe patients had a significantly higher MPV than mild patients (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that complete blood count measurements can be used as useful biomarkers to assess the severity of Covid-19. Early identification of severe COVID-19 patients using these markers can help to better manage and accelerate the treatment process for COVID-19 patients.

EFFECTS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND LIVER FUNCTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN, YEMEN

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a common congenital infection that affects approximately 0.7%–1% of all live births worldwide. Approximately 11% of newborns who are infected show symptoms at birth, and of these, between 30% and 40% are at a risk of experiencing long-term neurological complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HCMV on hematological parameters and liver function in pregnant women in Hajjah governorate, Yemen. This study is a cross-section study that conducted in the Hajjah governorate of Yemen during a period of March to June 2023. A total of 108 blood specimens were collected from participants; 78 from patients group and 30 health group. Hematological parameters, such as total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT), and white blood cells (WBC), as well as liver function tests, such as total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, were measured. Majority of participant patients aged between 16–21 years 27 (34.7%), studied at secondary schools (46.2%), in their second trimester 51 (65.4%), those with multigravida 54 (69.2%), and those with no history of congenital diseases 60 (76.9%). Compared with the control group, the mean WBC levels were significantly lower in HCMV patients (P &lt; 0.05), whereas PLT levels were higher among HCMV patients (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the mean levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, ALP, and albumin were significantly lower in patients with HCMV than in HC (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the patient and healthy groups in terms of HB, RBC counts, SGPT, and total protein (P &gt; 0.05). It can be concluded that HCMV infection had a statistically significant effect on WBC, PLT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, SGOT, ALP, and albumin levels in pregnant women. Consequently, further studies are needed to define the role of HCMV in liver disorders.

Age affects the association of red blood cell indices with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke

We conducted a post hoc analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to investigate whether red blood cell (RBC) indices are associated with efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), and whether the association is affected by age. In this post hoc analysis, patients with RBC indices at admission were enrolled. RBC indices including RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed. According to the median of these RBC indices, eligible patients were divided into high and low groups, which were further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. Primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days, which was used to evaluate RIC efficacy. RIC efficacy as well as effect of age on RIC efficacy were analyzed across the high and low groups of different RBC indices, and the interaction effects of RBC indices on RIC efficacy were evaluated. A total of 1640 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. In overall patients, no significant interaction effects of RIC intervention by all RBC indices were found, although there was a trend in interaction effect of RIC intervention by MCH (p = 0.116). However, we found an effect of age on the association of MCH with RIC efficacy. In patients over 60 years old, MCH significantly affected RIC efficacy (p = 0.006) and RIC significantly produced a higher proportion of primary outcome in high MCH (72.6% vs. 59.1%, P < 0.001) vs. low MCH group (61.2% vs. 62%, P = 0.829), which was not identified in patients under 60 years old. Furthermore, RIC efficacy decreased with increasing age in patients with low MCH with significant interaction effect (p = 0.012), while RIC efficacy increased with increasing age in patients with high MCH although no significant interaction (p = 0.126). No significant interaction effects of RIC intervention by RBC count, HCT, MCV, HB, and MCHC were found regardless of age. This secondary analysis of RICAMIS suggested that RIC exhibited more obvious benefit in AIS patients over 60 years old with high MCH compared with those with low MCH group, but RBC count, HCT, MCV, HB, and MCHC were not associated with the efficacy of RIC treatment regardless of age.

Evaluation of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus using standard deviation of lymphocyte volume combined with red blood cell count and lymphocyte percentage

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly damages the blood system and often manifests as blood cell abnormalities. The performance of biomarkers for predicting SLE activity still requires further improvement. This study aimed to analyze blood cell parameters to identify key indicators for a SLE activity prediction model. Clinical data of 138 patients with SLE (high activity, n = 40; moderate activity, n = 44; mild activity, n = 37; low activity, n = 17) and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively analyzed. Data from 89 paired admission–discharge patients with SLE were collected. Differences and associations between blood cell parameters and disease indicators, as well as the relationship between the these parameters and organ damage, were examined. Machine-learning methods were employed to develop a prediction model for disease activity evaluation. Most blood cell parameters (22/26, 84.62%) differed significantly between patients with SLE and HCs. Analysis of 89 paired patients with SLE revealed significant changes in most blood cell parameters at discharge. The standard deviation of lymphocyte volume (SD-V-LY), red blood cell (RBC) count, lymphocyte percentage (LY%), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit(HCT), and neutrophil percentage(NE%) correlated with disease activity. By employing machine learning, an optimal model was established to predict active SLE using SD-V-LY, RBC count, and LY% (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.908, sensitivity = 0.811). External validation indicated impressive performance (AUC = 0.940, sensitivity = 0.833). Correlation analysis revealed that SD-V-LY was positively correlated with ESR, IgG, IgA, and IgM but was negatively correlated with C3 and C4. The RBC count was linked to renal and hematopoietic system impairments, whereas LY% was associated with joint/muscle involvement. In conclusion, SD-V-LY is associated with SLE disease activity. SD-V-LY combined with RBC count and LY% contributes to a prediction model, which can be utilized as an effective tool for assessing SLE activity.