Red Bean Cultivar Research Articles

Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Nutritional Value of Red and White Bean Cultivars (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris </i>L.)

Among legumes, common bean plays significant role in the diet of Cameroonians. It is a good source of protein, fiber and micronutrients. However, bean contains substantial amount of antinutrients, which limit their utilization. This work evaluates the effect of different processing methods on the macronutrients, micronutrients and antinutrients contents in two bean cultivars (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris </i>L.). A survey was done in the city of Yaounde on the different processes applied on the cultivar before cooking. From the results of the survey, beans treatment were divided into six groups: raw, boiled, boiled with sodium bicarbonate, boiled with <i>Echinops giganteus</i> bark powder, soaked and boiled, soaked with sodium bicarbonate and boiled. The processed samples were analyzed for proximate and antinutrients composition using AOAC methods and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The raw seed served as the control. The results of this study have shown that processing led to an increase significantly (p<0.05) in protein contents. The higher rate of protein were observed for soaked and boiled (25.82%) and boiled (24.23%) respectively for white and red bean. The fiber contents of soaked with sodium bicarbonate and boiled white bean were higher (8.39%) compare to fiber content values recorded for red bean cultivars samples. Fat contents are significantly (p<0.05) lower with all samples after processing. The carbohydrate content of the boiled with <i>Echinops giganteus </i>bark powder of red bean was the highest (59.26%) followed by boiled with sodium bicarbonate red bean 58.61%. Boiled with <i>Echinops giganteus</i> bark powder white bean cultivar had higher iron, zinc, potassium and magnesium while boiled red and white bean cultivar had higher copper levels. Soaked and boiled white bean cultivar had higher calcium while boiled with sodium bicarbonate red bean had higher sodium levels. Processing improved significantly (p<0.05) the nutritional value of the beans by reducing the antinutrient contents. Soaking with sodium bicarbonate and boiling were found to have the highest level of reduction effect on the tannin, oxalate and saponin particularly in the white bean cultivar. Red and white bean cultivars could be used as a food formulation material for infants and young children to prevent protein energy malnutrition.

Nutritional and Antinutritional Characteristics of Ten Red Bean Cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Cameroon

Beans are nutritionally and economically important food crop in Cameroon. However, data on the nutritional value of the different red bean cultivars remain poorly known to consumers. The objective of this study is to characterize 10 red bean cultivars in order to determine theirs nutrients, minerals and antinutrients contents. Grains of raw and cooked beans were evaluated for proximate, mineral and antinutrients composition. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the ANOVA and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The results of chemical analysis of the raw and cooked cultivar bean revealed moisture content ranging from 4.19 to 12.34%, protein from 10.56 to 46%,. lipids from 5.31 to 7.38%, ash from 1.93 to 4.61%, fiber from 2.42 to 7.97% and carbohydrates 38.30 to 68.85%. Different bean cultivars showed statistically significant differences in minerals. The most abundant minerals in the samples were potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) with contents ranging from 565.17 to 912.99 mg/100g dry matter (DM) and 78.5 to 933.85 mg/100g DM respectively. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents ranged from 1.89 to 4.19 mg/100g DM and 2.10 to 5.15 mg/100g DM respectively. Antinutrients contents ranging from 0.14 to 1.00%, 2.86 to 8.82%, 0.07 to 0.18% and 0.26 to 1.22% respectively for tannins, phytates. oxalates and saponins after treatment. After soaking associated with cooking, red beans cultivars were found to contain the least minerals contents and that treatment significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) all the antinutrients evaluated. Red beans cultivars are potential nutrients rich food material for food formulation.

A Small Red Bean Cultivar &amp;lsquo;Haeorom&amp;rsquo; with Bright Red Seed and High Yield

Other SectionsAbstract서 언재료 및 방법결과 및 고찰적 요사 사FigureTableReferenceA small red bean cultivar, ‘Haeorom’, was developed by artificial cross breeding between ‘Milyang 7 (SA9709-2B-8-2-4-4-1)’ and ‘Toyomidainagon (K204656)’ at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea in 2008, and selected for further yield trials under the name ‘Miryang 27’. It was prevalent and showed desirable agronomic traits such as lodging tolerance, high yields, and strong antioxidant activity during the regional yield trials (RYT) from 2014 to 2016. ‘Haeorom’ was released as a new cultivar in 2016. It has some distinct phenotypic traits, including a semi-determinate growth habit, yellow flower, green embryonic axis, bright red seed, white hilum, and small spherical seeds (18.6 g per 100 seeds). The average yield of ‘Haeorom’ was 2.04 MT/ha in the RYT, which was slightly higher than that of the check cultivar (1.87 MT/ha), ‘Chungju’ (Registration No. 7508).Keywords : Small redbean, Adzukibean, Haeorom, Lodging resistance, Milyang 27

Nanopriming a method for improving crop plants performance: a case study of red beans

The effect of iron, zinc and biological nanofertilizers on the growth and development of beans was investigated as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two red bean cultivars (Akhtar and Sayyad) were investigated in five levels of priming with nanofertilizers (iron, zinc, iron + zinc combination, biologic, iron + zinc + biologic combination). The amount of nanofertilizers used for iron, zinc, biologic, the combination of iron + zinc, and the combination of iron + zinc + biologic, respectively, for each treatment was 4, 4, 16, 8 (4 + 4) and 24 (4 + 4+ 16) percentages. Morpho-phenological traits, yield and yield components were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of nanofertilizer on days to the emergence of third trifoliate leaf and maturity, grain filling period, plant height and seed number per pod were significant. The traits of emergence of cotyledons, the emergence of third trifoliate leaf, plant height and number of pods per plant were significantly affected by the interaction of cultivar and nanofertilizer. The application of compound fertilizer (iron + zinc + biologic nanofertilizers) had a greater effect on the date of maturity, grain filling period and seed number per pod than other treatments. In the study of interaction between nanofertilizer and cultivar, it was observed that application of iron (4%)+zinc (4%) compound increased the number of pods per plant compared with other treatments. Seed priming with zinc (4%)+iron (4%) nanofertilizers had the largest positive effect on grain yield and is recommended to increase red bean production.

A New Small Red bean Cultivar 'Seona' with Mechanization Harvesting and Lodging Resistance

A New Small Red bean Cultivar 'Seona' with Mechanization Harvesting and Lodging Resistance

Identification of Stability and Adaptability of Small Red Bean Cultivars Using AMMI Analysis

Genotype x location interaction effects are of special interest for breeding programs to identify adaptation targets, adaptive traits and test sites. In order to identify stability and adaptability of small red bean cultivars sixteen genotypes were evaluated at the mid altitude of bale zone southeastern Ethiopia during main season 2015 and 2016. The cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications at each site of Goro, Ginir and Dellomena. The combined analysis of variance for mean grain yield revealed significant variation for genotypes, environment and GE interaction. The analysis of variance for the AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) revealed that significant variation for genotypes, environment and GE interaction. From this analysis 42.53% was explained by AMMI 1 followed by AMMI 2 (28.29%), AMMI 3 (19.76%) and AMMI 4 (7.10%) of the interaction sum of squares. Therefore, the first two AMMI components justified 70.82% of the GE interaction sum of squares. The stability parameters regression coefficient (bi), deviation from regression analysis and ASV identifies G7, G6, G11, G1 and G12 showed the least value for ASV indicating as these genotypes showed stable performance over the sites. However stable cultivar wouldn’t necessarily gave the highest seed yield. Therefore based on Genotype Selection Index (GSI) which considers both the ASV and the mean yield, G8, G3, G6 and G7 were the most stable genotypes identified over the tested environments. Therefore, out of the tested genotypes, G8 and G3 were identified as stable cultivar to be selected for possible release during the coming cropping seasons.

A New Small Redbean Cultivar &amp;#39;Arari&amp;#39; with Lodging Resistance and High-Quality

A New Small Redbean Cultivar &amp;#39;Arari&amp;#39; with Lodging Resistance and High-Quality

EN

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of humic acid on yield and yield components of red bean cultivars this experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Arak in 2014. The experiment was in split plots Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replications. Three level of humic acid i.e. 0, 1.5 and 3 liters per hectare in main plots and three cultivars of red bean i.e. Derakhshan, Goli and D81083 were in sub plots used as treatments. Results of study revealed that line D81083 along with 3.0 liters per hectare of humic acid application shows superiority over the other treatments and showing 13622 kg per hectare final biomass yield. Among various tested cultivars, the lowest biomass yield (10311.1 kg/hectare) was obtained from Derakhshan cultivar without humic acid application. Further, amongst various tested doses of humic acid, highest seed yield (4253.7 kg/hectare) was reported from the cultivar line D81083 at 1.5 liter per hectare of humic acid application while the lowest yield obtained in Derakhshan without humic acid. Results of current study revealed relationship between bean cultivars and humic acid application and interaction of these two affect the yield and yield attributes of red bean.

Dynasty kidney bean

Dynasty is a dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with excellent yield potential and resistant to races 17 and 73 of anthracnose.

Sensitivity of selected dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars to mesotrione in a simulated carry-over trial

Mesotrione is used to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in maize, with waiting periods up to 24 months recommended prior to planting sensitive crops. The objectives of this study were to determine if selected dry bean cultivars exhibited differences in sensitivity to mesotrione, and the lowest concentration that would cause significant damage. A pot trial was carried out using two small white canning bean and six red speckled bean cultivars. Mesotrione was applied at 51.2, 1.6, 5 × 10−2, 1.5 × 10−3, 4.9 × 10−4, 1.5 × 10−6, 4.8 × 10−8 and 0 µg kg−1 soil. Numbers of days to emergence, number of emerged seedlings as well as phytotoxicity symptoms were monitored, with plant height and mass determined at harvest. Symptoms varied from bleaching and necrosis at the higher rates, through to malformed and crinkled leaves. Highly significant effects due to both cultivar and mesotrione rate were noted on plant height, as well as a highly significant interaction effect on dry mass. The 270-day waiting period prior to planting dry beans appears to be sufficient to avoid damage to the cultivars tested on the soil type used. Although cultivar differences in sensitivity were noted, no distinct groups could be identified.

Herbicide Doses and Application Times in Weed Suppression on Different Red Bean Varieties

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different application times and doses of bentazon on weeds growth in different red bean (Phaseolus calcaratus) cultivars. Three factors were studied in split factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was red bean cultivar (Naz and Derakhshan), the sub factor was time of herbicide application (one sprayed at the third trifoliate stage and another sprayed 15 days after the first spray), and the sub-sub factor was herbicide application dose (1.5, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 li/ha). Results indicated that the treatments significantly affected most of the measured traits. The best weed control was obtained in Naz cultivar. Spraying 3.5 li/ha bentazon at the third trifoliate stage was the most effective herbicide treatment which reduced weeds infestation and increased red bean yield and yield components.

A New Small Red Bean with Improved Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight: Registration of ‘Rio Rojo’

‘Rio Rojo’ (Reg. No. CV‐304, PI 666041) is a new cultivar belonging to the small red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) market class, developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Rio Rojo is a medium‐early‐maturing, high‐yielding small red bean with commercially acceptable seed size, shape, and appearance. Rio Rojo is erect (Type IIb), has good lodging resistance, and exhibits good and synchronous plant drydown before harvest. Rio Rojo has shown an average seed yield increase of 257 kg ha−1 above that of ‘Merlot’, the small red cultivar most commonly grown in the United States. Rio Rojo had a higher seed yield than Merlot in 6 out of 17 environments when they were tested together. Rio Rojo has similar agronomic performance as Merlot for other traits, but Rio Rojo has a smaller seed size. In addition, a Red Variety Trial was grown in five environments in which Rio Rojo had the highest seed yield (2464 kg ha−1) across all environments. Besides the high seed yield, Rio Rojo has improved resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB). The intermediate levels of CBB resistance observed in field tests showed that Rio Rojo is better than any of the small red cultivars commonly grown in the United States and could therefore become one of the most important small red bean cultivars in the United States.

Yield and yield components of two irrigated red bean cultivars and some soil properties as influenced by wheat residues and nitrogen management

Crop residues are beneficial substances affecting crop production and soil properties. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%) combined with N levels (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 kg ha−1) on yield and yield components of two red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and to monitor chemical soil parameters. The experiment was conducted at Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran for two years (2008–2009). The experiment was conducted as a split–split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The highest seed yield was obtained when 25–50% of residues were incorporated. The highest seed yield, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed number per pod were obtained with 103.5 kg N ha−1 with no significant difference to 69 kg N ha−1. Residue incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as available K and P content. It is possible to sow red common bean as a double cropping by soil incorporation of 25–50% wheat residues with application of 69 kg N ha−1.

The best application time and dose of herbicide for optimum weed management in two red bean cultivars

This study evaluated the effect of different application times and doses of herbicide bentazon (PS II inhibitor) on weed population in two red bean cultivars in Shahriar, Iran. The experimental design was split factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was red bean cultivar (Naz and Derakhshan), the sub factor was time of herbicide application (at the third trifoliate stage and 15 days after that) and the sub-sub factor was herbicide application dose (1.5, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 li/ha). Results indicated that in most cases, the treatments significantly affected weed's biomass and density. The highest weed control was achieved in Naz cultivar. The best herbicide treatment was the highest application dose (3.5 li/ha) applied at the third trifoliate stage which significantly affected the number of kernels/pod and kernels weight. About the yield components of red bean, Naz was better than Derakhshan with higher values of leaf and stem dry weight, the number of pods/plant and the number of kernels/pod.

The Best Application Time and Dose of Herbicide for Optimum Weed Management in Two Red Bean Cultivars

This study evaluated the effect of different application times and doses of herbicide bentazon (PS II inhibitor) on weed population in two red bean cultivars in Shahriar, Iran. The experimental design was split factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was red bean cultivar (Naz and Derakhshan), the sub factor was time of herbicide application (at the third trifoliate stage and 15 days after that) and the sub-sub factor was herbicide application dose (1.5, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 li/ha). Results indicated that in most cases, the treatments significantly affected weed's biomass and density. The highest weed control was achieved in Naz cultivar. The best herbicide treatment was the highest application dose (3.5 li/ha) applied at the third trifoliate stage which significantly affected the number of kernels/pod and kernels weight. About the yield components of red bean, Naz was better than Derakhshan with higher values of leaf and stem dry weight, the number of pods/plant and the number of kernels/pod.

Identification of anthracnose resistance genes in dry bean cultivars grown in Manitoba

Previously described random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were used to identify specific genes for anthracnose resistance in 20 dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars and one breeding line. These included six navy bean, five black bean, three kidney bean, two great northern bean, two pinto bean, one cranberry bean, one pink bean and one small red bean cultivars. The reactions of these bean cultivars to five races (i.e., races 23, 31, 73, 81, 105) of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum were used to verify the results of the molecular marker tests. The combined analysis of genotypes estimated with markers and race reactions showed that navy bean cultivar Envoy carried gene Co-12, possibly in combination with other resistance genes, which conferred resistance to all the races except race 105. The bean cultivars Morden003, Messina and CDC Nordic carried Co-15, which provided resistance to only races 73 and 105. Resistance in AC Mariner appeared to be controlled by gene Co-2 either alone or possibly in combination with Co-11. The kidney bean cultivars Chardonnay and ROG 802 carried resistance gene Co-1. Eight other cultivars were resistant to races 23 and 31, which indicated that they carried resistance gene Co-3 or another unidentified resistance gene. Six dry bean cultivars were susceptible to all five anthracnose races. Genotype estimates were based primarily on the virulence pattern of the races on specific cultivars. The results from the molecular tests sometimes supported the proposed genotypes based on the results from the race inoculations, but false positive results often occurred with molecular markers for genes Co-2 and Co-4. Virulence pattern information allowed the detection of specific resistance genes in certain cultivars, but did not always rule out the presence of other genes. Key words: Disease resistance, gene identification, anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), molecular marker

AC Scarlet dry bean

AC Scarlet is a high-yielding small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. AC Scarlet is well adapted to the eastern Canadian prairies and yielded significantly more than the check cultivar NW 63. AC Scarlet is susceptible to white mold and susceptible to common bacterial blight. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, small red bean, high yield

AC Redbond small red bean

AC Redbond is a high-yielding, early-maturing, small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar with moderate resistance to white mold. It was developed from a series of crosses at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, with cooperation from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre Morden. AC Redbond, having an upright growth habit with moderate resistance to white mold, is particularly well adapted to the western Canadian prairies using the narrow-row production system, maturing on average 3 d before NW 63, with 10% higher seed yield. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, small red bean, cultivar description, high yield, narrow row

AC Earlired small red bean

AC Earlired is an early-maturing small red dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. It was developed from a cross of Ember by line 5217 at the Lethbridge Research Centre, with cooperation from the Morden Research Centre, AC Earlired is particularly well adapted to the irrigated western Canadian prairies, maturing on average 5 d before NW63, with equal seed yield. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, small red bean, cultivar description, early maturity

AC Litekid common bean

AC Litekid is a medium-full season maturing and high yielding light red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar. Its main advantages are higher yield potential and earlier maturity than the presently recommended cultivar California Light Red Kidney in Ontario. Seed has acceptable cooking and canning quality. AC Litekid is resistant to alpha and alpha Brazilian races of anthracnose and to races 1 and 15 of bean common mosaic virus. Key words:Phaseolus vulgaris, dry edible bean, light red kidney, cultivar description, bean anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, bean common mosaic virus