Recycling Of Waste Materials Research Articles

A Comprehensive review of cultural heritage integration in interior design

The preservation and transmission of cultural heritage products are urgent tasks for the global community in the face of the challenges of increasingly rapid modernization and urbanization. Interior design, as a practice capable of shaping spaces, environments and emotions, has the unique potential to preserve and transmit the importance of cultural heritage. However, few review articles have discussed the connections between them and the process of applying cultural heritage to interior design. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the literature from October 2019 to 2023 on interior design related to cultural heritage. Articles from 3 leading databases (WOS, SCOPUS and ScienceDirect) were searched and screened. Forty-two articles that met the criteria were ultimately selected for comprehensive analysis. ATLAS.ti 23 was used as the analysis software to produce quantitative results reflecting trends in cultural heritage and interior design research. Moreover, six themes on the subject were obtained from the qualitative analysis: (1) Reuse of historic buildings; (2) Recycling of waste materials; (3) Heritage Elements for Interior Design; (4) Heritage values; (5) Challenges; and (6) Preservation methods. Finally, the findings are expected to help address the relationship between interior design and cultural heritage and provide insights for future research and practice on the sustainability of cultural heritage in interior design.

The Growing Problem of Textile Waste Generation—The Current State of Textile Waste Management

The textile industry is global, and most brands export their products to many different markets with different infrastructures, logistics, and regulations. A textile waste recovery system that works in one country may fail in another. European Union legislation (Directive (EU) 2018/851) mandates that post-consumer textile waste must be separately collected in all associated countries. This directive has also stated that, in January 2025, the rate of textile waste recycling in Europe should be increased. Local governments will be under pressure to improve the collection, sorting, and recycling of textiles. Supporting local governments could be part of a more long-term approach to managing high-value textile waste by implementing Extended Producer Responsibility, which would increase the recycling rate of textile companies. This would enable reuse of over 60% of recovered clothes, recycling into fibers of 35%, and only throwing away 5%. Today, most textile waste (85%) is disposed of as solid waste and must be disposed of through municipal or local waste management systems that either landfill or incinerate the waste. To increase reuse and recycling efficiency, textile waste should be collected and sorted according to the relevant input requirements. The dominant form of textile waste sorting is manual sorting. Sorting centers could be a future solution for intensifying the recycling of textile waste. Advances in textile waste management will require digitization processes, which will facilitate the collection, sorting, and recycling of textiles. It is very important that digitization will help to guide used products to recycling and encourage manufacturers to participate in the use and collection of product data. Currently, both the digitization of textile waste management and fiber recycling technologies are at the level of laboratory research and have not been implemented. The aim of this publication is to analyze the state of textile waste management, especially the various forms of recycling that involve a local governments and the textile industry.

Textile waste management and recycling opportunities and challenges for Africa

Global fibre supply increased to 113 million tonnes in 2021, contributing to elevated energy and water consumption levels, agricultural pollution, and post-consumer textile waste. Introducing second-hand clothing as an alternative to mitigate textile waste is advantageous for providing affordable clothing. However, the disposal of substandard and unsold garments obstructs riverways and drainage systems, leading to flooding. Moreover, incineration produces heightened greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating poverty and impeding development, particularly in Africa. Nevertheless, textile wastes present opportunities for establishing large-scale regeneration and recycling facilities, offering the potential for employment generation and skill development in Africa. This mini-review aims to underscore Africa’s potential and challenges in textile waste recycling. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing African textile waste, both as an environmental hazard and as a valuable resource for the production of new clothing. Additionally, they emphasize how efforts to add value to recovered textiles are gaining traction, particularly in East, South, and North Africa. However, no formal textile recycling facilities were identified in West and Central Africa. This mini-review is constrained by data limitations, encouraging future researchers to broaden its scope by examining individual countries and recycling companies.

Value Addition of Recyclable Solid Waste Materials: The Case of Namibia

Solid waste recycling is an important component of sustainable economic development. Research indicates that the growing need for raw materials and the difficulties associated with managing solid waste have led to the development of recycling as a rational strategy for advancing sustainability in the twenty-first century. While value-addition processes are highlighted in various research on solid waste management carried out in Namibia and other parts of southern Africa the focus has been on single waste streams, actors industry, waste reduction options or recommendations on recycling processing systems. This paper aims to highlight value chains of a variety of recyclable materials in the Namibian recycling industry an endeavour which may assist policymakers in understanding how the industry can contribute to sustainable industrial growth and employment creation. The study was a descriptive case study design, which was qualitative. Results indicate that in Namibia recycling industry processes a wide range of recyclable products such as plastic, paper and glass bottles. Except for plastic, the value addition of recovered materials was limited to the pre-processing stage. The full growth of the industry is still to be realised. Policy and intervention programs should promote more value addition in raw materials in the country as a whole considering the benefits to sustainable economic growth.

ELABORATION OF THERMAL INSULATION COMPOSITES BASED ON PAPER WASTE AND BIO-SOURCED MATERIAL

It is well-known that energy consumption is increasing around the world on a daily basis. In the construction sector, a highly effective solution for reducing energy consumption involves exploring both modern and traditional buildings designed to adapt to climate changes. One promising approach is to use paper waste and bio-sourced materials as the basis for insulation. The purpose of this study was to improve the sustainability of buildings by using recycled waste materials that have a positive impact on the environment, people, and the economy. A novel insulating material composed of recycled paper waste and Ampelodesmos mauritanicus leaves and fibers was developed and used in non-load-bearing elements. The paper waste was transformed into pulp and mixed with the bio-sourced materials to create a composite material that exhibits excellent insulation properties. The resulting material is lightweight, durable, and cost-effective. Furthermore, different mechanical and thermal analyses were performed on specimens with varying dosage ratios. The results showed that the developed material has good thermal insulation, with a value of 0.027 W/m.K.

Sewage Sludge-Derived Biochar and Its Potential for Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Filtrate Generated during Dewatering of Digested Sludge

Utilizing waste, such as sewage sludge, into biochar fits the circular economy concept. It maximizes the reuse and recycling of waste materials in the wastewater treatment plant. The experiments were conducted to assess: (1) the impact of the temperature on the properties of biochar from sewage sludge (400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C); (2) how the physical activation (CO2, hot water) or chemical modification using (MgCl2, KOH) could affect the removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from filtrate collected from sludge dewatering filter belts or synthetic solution, wherein the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus were similar to the filtrate. Based on the Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface and the type and concentration of surface functional groups for the second stage, biochar was selected and produced at 500 °C. The modification of biochar had a statistically significant effect on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the media. The best results were obtained for biochar modified with potassium hydroxide. For this trial, 15%/17% (filtrate/synthetic model solution) and 72%/86% nitrogen and phosphorus removal, respectively, were achieved.

Sustainability Analysis of Landfill Cover System Constructed Using Recycled Waste Materials by Life Cycle Assessment

The sustainability of using industrial by-products for the construction of landfill cover was determined using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA was carried out on four materials: sand- bentonite mix, red earth- bentonite mix (amended soil), Waste Foundry Sand (WFS)- Bentonite mix, and WFS- marine clay mix. The former two are commonly used cover soils and the latter two are alternative materials proposed. Environmental impacts based on the extraction of resources, processing, transportation to the site, and site preparation were considered using the ‘cradle to site’ approach. Analysis was carried out in OpenLCA software using the ReCiPe (H) Midpoint method of impact assessment. Required data for analysis was taken from the Ecoinvent database supplemented with inputs from a field survey. The use of WFS in landfill cover systems was found to be sustainable using LCA studies when compared to conventional materials.

Mechanical and thermal behaviour of concrete with waste rubber and glass powder as fine aggregate and cement substitutes

One way of recycling waste materials such as tyres and glass is to use them in concrete. The effects of the simultaneous use of waste rubber particles (RPs) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and glass powder (GP) as a partial substitute for cement on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete at ambient temperature and after exposure to high temperature (600°C) were investigated in this work. In total, 13 mixes were prepared. Except for the reference mix, all the other mixes contained a combination of RPs replacing fine aggregate at percentages of 5% or 10% by volume and GP replacing cement at percentages of 10%, 15% or 20%. Two different sizes of RPs were investigated (0.15–1 mm and 3–5 mm). Slump tests were carried out on the fresh concretes. Tests for compressive strength and tensile strength before and after thermal exposure, and tests for mass loss after exposure to elevated temperature were also carried out. To obtain an understanding of the behaviour of the waste materials in concrete, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were conducted. In terms of compressive and tensile strengths, of all the mixes containing RPs and GP, the best results were for the mix with 5% RPs of 3–5 mm and 10% GP.

Fintech inclusion in natural resource utilization, trade openness, resource productivity, recycling and minimizing waste generation: Does technology really drive economies toward green growth?

Ever since the industrial revolution, financial sector is considered a significant claimant of driving growth in society. However, adverse eco-friendly projects by financial means raise various concerns that either financial market products benefit environment. In this lieu, the present study aims to analyze the role of fintech in natural resource utilization, trade openness, resource productivity and recycling and minimizing waste generation in China. For this purpose, data from the 1995 to 2021 period is analyzed using the “Quantile Autoregressive Distributed lag (QARDL) model. The Granger causality test is also used to analyze the causal association between variables and to know about their relative significance. According to the findings, the error correction term (ECM) has an expected negative sign with statistical significance across different quantiles showing that the relationship between these variables reverts to the long-run equilibrium. QARDL short run and long run estimation indicates that fintech promotes natural resource utilization, resource productivity, trade openness, and recycling of waste materials and management with the significance of these effects varying at different quantiles. The findings of Granger Causality indicate that a bidirectional association is present between fintech and recycling and waste management, and unidirectional causality is found to be present from fintech to resource productivity. The study recommends the government formulate and implement policies aimed at promoting fintech and integrating them with streamlined natural resources and industrial and trade sectors.

Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste.

Membrane technology has shown a promising role in combating water scarcity, a globally faced challenge. However, the disposal of end-of-life membrane modules is problematic as the current practices include incineration and landfills as their final fate. In addition, the increase in population and lifestyle advancement have significantly enhanced waste generation, thus overwhelming landfills and exacerbating environmental repercussions and resource scarcity. These practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Recycling membranes and utilizing recycled material for their manufacturing is seen as a potential approach to address the aforementioned challenges. Depending on physiochemical conditions, the end-of-life membrane could be reutilized for similar, upgraded, and downgraded operations, thus extending the membrane lifespan while mitigating the environmental impact that occurred due to their disposal and new membrane preparation for similar purposes. Likewise, using recycled waste such as polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, tire rubber, keratin, and cellulose and their derivates for fabricating the membranes can significantly enhance environmental sustainability. This study advocates for and supports the integration of sustainability concepts into membrane technology by presenting the research carried out in this area and rigorously assessing the achieved progress. The membranes' recycling and their fabrication utilizing recycled waste materials are of special interest in this work. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for future research endeavors aimed at promoting environmental sustainability.

Penanganan Sampah Plastik Di Desa Medan Krio Menjadi Barang Berguna Siap Pakai Kab.Deli Serdang

One non-organic waste that is used extensively in daily life is plastic, particularly for food packaging vendors and as a raw material for toy manufacturers. Waste will result from the vast amount of plastic that residents of Medan Krio use and discard after consumption. The goal of the research program's implementation is to enable locals to recycle waste materials to create valuable products. The village of Medan Krio Village has a high population density, which has led to the development of waste management issues. The village has traditionally disposed of waste by burning it and throwing it beside the street, which is why there is a garbage stench. which has a strong odor as a result of careless trash dumping. In light of this issue, Ecobricks may offer a way to lessen plastic waste and turn it into products with a positive economic impact. Method: PAR (Participatory Action Research), which is study that identifies issues and then offers potential solutions. Findings: The Ecobrick technique is being used in Medan Krio Village to make use of plastic waste. A recycling technique known as "ecobricks" uses plastic bottles that have been packed full of non-organic materials until they are extremely hard and dense.

Recycling of waste materials based on decision support system using picture fuzzy Dombi Bonferroni means

Recycling of waste materials based on decision support system using picture fuzzy Dombi Bonferroni means

Wastepaper fiber‐reinforced concrete containing metakaolin: Effect on fracture behavior

AbstractPlasterboard, a commonly utilized construction material, comprises a gypsum core nestled between two paper layers. Gypsum after demolition of plasterboards is a recyclable waste that has been reused into new plasterboard or other purposes such as agricultural products. However, there is a lack of understanding on the potential for recycling the paper layers. This study investigates the use of wastepaper fibers, obtained from the paper layers, as a reinforcing material and metakaolin as a partial cement replacement material in concrete. This study demonstrates the ability of the paper from waste plasterboard for reinforcing concrete. Wastepaper fibers were used at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.5% by weight of binder. Bending test was conducted for assessing fracture behavior of concretes, including load bearing capacity, modulus of rupture, crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) at the load bearing capacity, fracture toughness, and fracture energy. Slump, axial compression, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also conducted on the concretes. It is found that incorporating wastepaper fiber by up to an optimum content of 1.5% results in an increase in the compressive strength (57%), flexural load bearing capacity and modulus of rupture (31%), CMOD displacement at load capacity (14%), fracture toughness (37%), and fracture energy (73%) of the metakaolin‐based concrete. However, further increase in the wastepaper fiber content results in decreased mechanical properties of the concrete, which is due to the fiber agglomeration and non‐uniform distribution within the concrete matrix. Based on the results, the concrete with 20% metakaolin and 1.5% wastepaper fiber experiences similar mechanical properties to the conventional concrete. The results of this study underscore the substantial potential of leveraging waste materials such as wastepaper and by‐products like metakaolin to diminish reliance on conventional cement. This approach not only enhances the mechanical properties of concrete but also fosters sustainable building practices by promoting the recycling of waste materials, reducing carbon footprint, and mitigating the environmental impacts inherent in traditional concrete production.

Using Recycled Construction Waste Materials with Varying Components and Particle Sizes for Extensive Green Roof Substrates: Assessment of Its Effects on Vegetation Development

Using construction waste materials as substrates can reduce the resource consumption of minerals and provide sustainability benefits in green roofs. This research examined the viability of crushed bricks and crushed concrete with varying particle sizes as substrates by conducting a simulated drought experiment and roof experiment. Six composite substrates were prepared, respectively, by mixing peat with small-, medium-, and large-sized crushed bricks and crushed concrete particles (peat-to-inorganic-particle volume ratio of 1:2). The properties of each group were within acceptable parameters, with the crushed brick substrates displaying lower bulk density and higher porosity compared to the crushed concrete substrates. Seldom lineare was selected for the experiments, and the substrate thickness was set at 10 cm. Under the simulated drought conditions, the growth and stress resistance of Seldom lineare in the crushed brick substrates was similar to that in the conventional substrates and poorer in the crushed concrete substrates. Seldom lineare in medium-particle-size brick substrates performed the best, surpassing the traditional group. The growth of Seldom lineare in the small-particle-size concrete substrates was the worst. In the rooftop environment, all groups could support Seldom lineare over 180 days without maintenance, with an overall coverage of more than 60%. The plants in the medium-particle-size brick substrates exhibited the highest cover. In conclusion, the medium-particle-size brick substrate exhibits ideal characteristics in terms of substrate physical properties and plant growth, making it a favorable option.

Recycling Waste into Building Materials: Innovations and Prospects in Brick Production for Sustainable Construction

The expanding population in the past decade has put an enormous strain on building materials sector, prompting civil engineers to find creative strategies for turning waste into viable assets. Employing such waste as an invaluable asset may contribute to financial savings on the disposal of waste, enhance safety and security for the public, encourage environmental awareness, and save restricted natural resources. The present paper is part of a larger analysis on the applications of bricks. The particular focus is on the use of different waste materials in the process of producing them. The mechanical and physical attributes of bricks provide recommendations for further study in this field. Further research is required for finding a cost-effective brick production method that utilizes less energy and generates a lesser number environmental pollutants. Brick kilns are asked to shift towards utilizing alternate fuels like methane gas or petroleum oil. Furthermore, research is required to determine how to fulfill the material criteria of the standard while safeguarding the environment, in particular view of a growing movement in the construction sector toward the use of low-cost, lightweight, and green construction supplies. Recycled waste materials from farms and factories can reduce environmental harm and fulfill the need for more economically efficient ways of building.

Sustainable experimental study of ceramic residues and waste fabrics

Objective: To explore feasible solutions to realize the recycling of waste materials for sustainable application in response to the existing problem of idle accumulation of large quantities of waste textile fabrics and ceramic residues. Methods: Through the experimental method, waste porcelain powder was substituted for some of the ridged raw materials in the traditional ceramic formula to make a slurry, and then mixed with waste fabrics to be fired into a new ceramic material. Then its characteristics were recorded, summarized, explored, and analyzed to explore the unique value of the material. Results: The experiments found that the mixing of the waste materials produced a good chemical reaction. The waste ceramic powder can enhance the flexural strength of the new material, reduce the deformation rate, and make the new material’s performance more stable. Waste fabrics can make the new materials enjoy the advantages of easy production, good light transmittance, and lightweight. Conclusion: This research lays a technical foundation for future entry into the design market. This contributes to the recycling of waste fabrics and ceramic residues in a sustainable way.

Tensile and Flexural Properties of Recycled HDPE for Application in Building Products

Plastic waste generation is a major environmental threat with farreaching consequences that needs to be dealt with. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a common plastic waste coming out of daily household products. Recycling of HDPE plastic waste has been a viable alternate to disposal. To the best of author’s knowledge, no work has been reported on the material properties of recycled HDPE in perspective of building products. This study investigates the tensile and flexural properties of mechanically recycled HDPE for potential application in building products. The specimen’s behaviour under loading has also been reported. Based on the findings, 2.5% elongation at fracture was observed having 14.25 MPa strength against tension. Whereas, 32.6 MPa modulus of rupture was obtained with toughness index of 1.45 against flexure. In addition, potential application of recycled HDPE for manufacturing building products has been discussed keeping in line the material properties of recycled plastic. The adoption of recycled waste material instead of conventional materials can significantly influence the construction industry positively.

Stress–Dilatancy and Critical-State Behavior of Geogrid-Reinforced Recycled Waste Materials

Stress–Dilatancy and Critical-State Behavior of Geogrid-Reinforced Recycled Waste Materials

The technology of green synthesis of calcium acetate from quail egg shells

The concept of sustainable development is centred around recycling waste materials generated by the agro-industrial complex. One of the ways to achieve this is by using biowaste derived from food products, such as quail eggshells, as a sustainable and eco-friendly raw material to replace limestone or carbonate stone in the production of calcium acetate (Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O). This research shows the possibility of producing calcium acetate in laboratory conditions by chemical transformation with acetic acid using quail eggshells as the raw material. 50 g of quail eggshells were subjected to chemical treatment with 10% acetic acid, producing 60.09 g of calcium acetate monohydrate, with a maximum yield of 76%. The X-ray diffraction data of the resulting product strongly suggested the presence of calcium acetate, and the crystallinity of the salt was found to be 72.57%. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that quail eggshells can be used as an alternative raw material for producing calcium acetate in a sustainable manner.

Investigation the effect of nanocarbon tube prepared from tea waste on microstructure and properties of cement mortar.

Environmental contamination and the massive high cost of waste disposal have been a huge concern for scholars throughout the globe, prompting them to alternatives of recycling waste materials in various implementation fields. The rising expenditure on disposal and the shortage of naturally main resources such as aggregate have increased interest in reusing recycled waste materials to manufacture concrete and mortar. The annual consumption of a country's population of hundreds of tons of black tea results in considerable numbers of discarded teabags. These huge quantities are disposed in landfills without being recycled or otherwise used. Moreover, such landfills are considered one of the country's biggest global issues. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to investigate the influence of nanocarbon tube produced from tea waste as cement replacement materials in mortar mixtures. Cement mortar mixes contain four replacement levels (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of cement with nanocarbon tube produced from tea waste. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption were tested to demonstrate the effect of the nanocarbon tube made from recycled tea waste on the mechanical properties of the mortar mix. The fresh properties such as flow rate were evaluated in accordance to specific standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed to demonstrate the microstructure of the mixtures. The results show that the fresh properties (flowability) of mortar containing nanocarbon tubes from tea waste were improved with the increase of the replacement ratio. In addition, the compressive strength was improved by substitution of up to 2%. For the other levels of substitution, it decreased with an increasing replacement percentage. In contrast, the density had increased with the increase of substitution levels of the tea waste. Based on the results of the experiments, it seems that the suggested biomixture could increase the compressive strength of the material by up to 2% of the replacement at 28days of curing.