Recycling Machine Research Articles

Effect of County Government Strategies in the Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Plastic Waste in Lodwar Town, Turkana County Kenya

Plastic waste management has become a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many developing countries. Economic growth and population increase in the developing countries in recent years has caused an increase in utilization of natural resources that has led to unprecedented plastic waste generation. The uncontrolled plastic waste disposal has become a challenge in Africa and other developing countries due to insufficient or lack of human and financial capacities to remedy the situation. This study investigated the effect of county governments’ strategies in place in the collection, transportation and disposal of plastic waste in Lodwar town, turkana county Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. purposive sampling was used to select 345 respondents from Lodwar town and the county government employees including key informants from public health department at the county was adopted. Data were then analyzed for descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The study findings showed that majority (78.6%) of the residents disagreed that there is reselling of plastic materials to avoid generation of wastage. Further majority (38%) also disagreed that they are reusing the plastics for other purposes in their households. Additionally, majority (55.9%) still disagreed that the municipality has recycling company, which has assisted in plastic material recycling. However, on the other hand majority (71.6%) of the residents were not aware if there is a new technological recycling machine in the county. The study revealed that majority of the respondents disagreed that there are waste collectors and transporters in the town (mean= 1.95, standard deviation=0.99). Majority of the respondents disagreed that the municipality have recycling company which has assisted in plastic material recycling (Mean=1.51, standard deviation=0.89). Majority of the residents strongly agreed that handling plastic waste in Lodwar municipality is of great concern (Mean=4.59, standard deviation=0.84). The study concluded planning and coordination have a significant effect on plastic waste handling in Lodwar municipality. There are no enough waste collectors and transporters in the town also Municipality has no clear waste management guideline/policy. Recycling methods have a significant effect on plastic waste handling in Lodwar municipality. The study recommended that the municipality administration should come up with waste management guideline/policy that will ensure efficient and reliable wastage handling.

Analysis of Vendor Selection for Cash Recycle Machine using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method at PT.X

Selecting the right vendor for the Cash Recycle Machine (CRM) is a key factor for the sustainability of PT X in the banking business, as most banking tasks are carried out by vendors. Therefore, the vendor selection process is one of the main and crucial processes. This research aims to determine the weight of criteria, and sub-criteria, and analyze the best vendor selection for the Cash Recycle Machine Implementation Project at PT X using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The number of respondents in this study was eight, consisting of the Project Director, Project Manager, and Division Heads who are the decision-makers in vendor selection. The research was conducted through structured interviews using Saaty’s scale comparison questionnaires for criteria selection and rating scale assessment for vendor evaluation. The criteria evaluated based on the Vendor Performance Indicator (VPI) are Quality, Cost, Delivery, Flexibility, and Responsiveness, with the most influential sub-criteria being Price Reduction, Product Reliability, and Demand Adjustment. The selected vendor for the Cash Recycle Machine implementation project is PT ZZZ with a score of 40% out of 100%, followed by PT YYY with a score of 32%, and PT XXX with a score of 28%.

Investigation of the Impact of Single and Double Filtration Systems on Post-Consumer PE Film Waste.

Due to the diversity of plastic film waste streams available on the market and the associated variety of contaminants' size and number, the use of melt filtration is necessary. Currently, single and double filtration systems are state of the art in the plastic recycling industry, depending on the application of the produced post-consumer recyclate (PCR). Using PCR for thin films demands small contamination sizes, which are easier to reach using a second filtration step. In the case of relatively clean post-consumer input materials, it must be investigated whether the additional load from the second filter has a counterproductive effect on the material and whether single filtration would be sufficient. For this paper, polyethylene (PE) film waste stemming from a separate post-consumer collection in Austria was processed using an industrial-sized recycling machine with different combinations of filter sizes and systems. Melt flow rate (MFR), ash content, oxidation onset temperature (OOT), and optical contaminant detection were measured to investigate the influence of single and double filtration systems. The investigation showed that, even though the contamination amount and size were reduced, the second filter had a distinct effect on specific properties.

Development of a recycling machine for constructing synthetic yarn from plastic waste

A major challenge in plastic recycling is to convert plastic waste into a useful product. For this transformation, sustainable technologies such as plastic recycling machines are required. Current technological concepts of plastic recycling are fairly similar. This study aims to develop a small and economical plastic recycling machine to enhance microenterprise by supplying simple equipment for recycling locally processed plastic waste into thread. Starting with a hopper at the input end, the machine incorporates an auger inside a barrel, which is then linked to a metallic perforated mold at the output end. With the help of the system, the plastic flakes melting process is facilitated by maintaining temperatures between 170 °C to 211 °C at equispaced locations of a uniform barrel, while the auger spin enables the flow of molten plastic forward towards the mold.The mold reshapes the liquid plastic into strings of thread. The machine exhibits higher efficiency, reaching approximately 75 % at a decreased screw speed, as low as 28 rpm. It also achieves an average throughput of 156 gm/hour at the lowest specific mechanical energy (SME) consumption. The prototype consumes 1.5 kW for an hour operation. The entire system requires minimal space, making it appealing to individuals with limited financial resources to start a new business venture.•A sustainable technology to recycle plastic waste into plastic thread.•This optimized, portable and robust system ensures safety and lower operating costs.•This system does not require prior knowledge for operation, hence encouraging small entrepreneurs.

Use of Function Diagrams in Physiology Education: Nessie the Nephron and Navigating the Lochs

Function diagrams focus on physiological concepts rather than associated structures and can serve as elaboration tools and mnemonic aids. A function diagram prototype of the gastrointestinal system was recently described (Wilson & Barrett, Adv Physiol Educ, 45:264–268, 2021). Currently, a functional diagram of the glomerulus, nephron, urinary system, and bladder is proposed. Colloquially named “Nessie the Nephron” to loosely capture the looping structure and illusive understanding of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and epithelial transport for the student, not to mention the nearly mythical countercurrent multiplier. “Navigating the Lochs” references Nessie’s possible habitat and more importantly the movement and storage of the modified ultrafiltrate from the nephron. The primary analogies that form the structure of this function diagram are: Rain Barrel, Soaker Hose, & Hose Nozzle (afferent and efferent blood flow and filtration pressure); Water Purification System (glomerular filtration barrier forming multiple step filtration process involving the capillary, basement membrane, and podocytes); Mixed Recycling Machine (proximal tubule individual, co-, and bulk transport); Desiccator & Briner (thin descending limb removal of water and thin/thick ascending limb movement of salt); Conveyor Belt Picker (distal nephron selective ion transport); and Concentrator (collecting duct water and urea transport). The primary analogies that elaborate “Navigating the Lochs” are Aqueduct & Cistern System (fluid movement and collection); and Pressure Gauge, Syringe Bulb, and Two-valve Plumbing (bladder storage and micturition). Complimenting these analogies is the rich potential for inclusion of clinical and comparative applications and examples to link previous knowledge and strengthen memories for future retrieval. University of Kentucky College of Medicine. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Development and Modification of Waste Paper Recycling Machine

Development and Modification of Waste Paper Recycling Machine

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN HOT PRESS LIMBAH PELASTIK SERTA PERHITUNGAN KONSUMSI ENERGI PENCETAKAN

The issue of waste, particularly plastic waste, remains a challenging problem without a definitive solution. Plastic waste, especially that made from High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), takes an extensive amount of time to decompose. Currently, plastic recycling machines are priced in the hundreds of millions, making them less accessible. Therefore, there is a need for affordable machines that function effectively alongside existing ones. This research introduces a hot press machine for recycling HDPE plastic. The hot press machine is capable of recycling HDPE plastic waste and offers the advantages of being portable, compact in size, and cost-effective. Following the design phase, the machine is capable of producing plastic boards with a thickness of 1 cm, utilizing 3.7 kg of plastic, and requiring a molding time of 2 hours and 15 minutes at a pressure of 4.36 MPa.Subsequent testing involved analyzing three factors to determine the significant influence of factor A (heating temperature) and factor B (heating time) on energy consumption. The goal was to identify the interaction that yielded the smallest average energy consumption.

Hydrothermal pre-treatment of hospital food waste for efficient bio-methane generation

Municipal solid waste management (MWM) in Malaysia has become a challenging task in recent years due to the growth of population, industrialization and an increase in quantity and variation in the types of waste generated. Major solid waste generated in Malaysia is organic waste which includes mainly food waste from households, food processing facilities, markets, food and beverages industry and hospitals. Therefore, it is crucial to identify ways to manage food waste (FW) properly and improve the energy recovery efficiency. This paper is aimed to study the impact of pre-treatment on food waste from Hospital Pakar Sultanah Fatimah (HPSF) as a method to decompose FW faster and to determine the potential of bio-methane generation. A compositional study showed that total solid waste generated was 2,301 kg with 67% waste from lunch followed by 31% from breakfast sessions daily. Hydrothermal pre-treatment was done using a Multipurpose Recycling Machine (MRM) at 1.6MPa for 15 minutes followed by anaerobic digestion with and without the inoculum addition. Un-treated FW with inoculum was used as control in this experiment. It was found out that at a controlled pH of 7, hydrothermal pre-treatment and addition of inoculum i.e. cow manure played an important role in anaerobic digestion process for enhancement of bio-methane production. It significantly reduced the lag phase by 4 days and produced biogas faster compared to nontreated FW and hence, increased the biogas volume up to 638.53 mL compared to 504.08 mL in non-treated FW at the same experimental conditions. Therefore, this study signified that hydrothermal pretreatment is an effective and a beneficial technique added to the waste through the generation of biogas energy.

Design and Numerical Simulation Study of Film Rod Reparation Device for Residual Film Recycling Machine

For the residual film recycling machine work, after the recovery of residual film, cotton stalks, crushed soil, and other impurities are not easy to separate; it is challenging to realize the secondary use of the problem. A waste film and impurity wind selection device were designed to recognize waste film recycling and separate soil film rods. The overall structure and working principles of the machine are described. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of a film rod separation device was developed. The flow field within the film rod separation unit was analyzed by numerical simulation using 2023 R1 ANSYS Fluent software. Based on the differences of impurities such as residual film, soil, and cotton stalks in terms of density, suspension velocity, and their characteristics, the pressure distribution and velocity distribution of the internal flow field of soil, residual film, and cotton stalks at the site were investigated. The air inlet velocity, screen cylinder rotation, and main shaft rotation velocity were changed. Experiments were conducted to obtain wind selection parameters for suitable soil, residual film, and cotton stalk separators. Analysis of orthogonal experiments, polar variance of analysis, and analysis of variance yielded a better combination of working parameters: when the drum sieve velocity is 25 r/min, the spindle velocity is 35 r/min, and inlet wind velocity is 14 m/s, after the separation of residual film impurity rate of 8.9%. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of film separation equipment.

Cash Recycling Machine (CRM) & its impact on customer satisfaction: A study on UCB PLC

Purpose: The primary purpose of this research is to explore Cash Recycling Machine (CRM) systems and determine customer satisfaction after using CRM services. Research Methodology: To collect data for this research, a questionnaire was created and a survey was conducted to assess user contentment with the Cash Recycling Machine (CRM) of the United Commercial Bank (UCB) PLC. During the investigation of the Cash Recycling Machine (CRM) system, a secondary data source was utilized. Results: An analysis indicates that Almost 97% of respondents regularly utilized CRM services while continuing to depend on conventional banking methods. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of participants (over 20%) frequently employed CRM systems. Specifically, 47% utilize these systems four to seven times each month. This study demonstrates that banks are implementing novel services to entice a larger clientele, while consumers are allowed to utilize the banks' fundamental services, such as making deposits and withdrawals. Limitations: Banks are restricted from accessing crucial information owing to data privacy concerns. Furthermore, the use of secondary data may not adequately reflect the perspective of UCB PLC, owing to scalability issues. Ultimately, the limited sample size is a result of clients' strong unwillingness to allocate time for research. Contribution: This study and its implications can be used for additional research in emerging economies to comprehensively examine the adoption of new technologies in the banking industry. Novelty: The core reaction of consumers to an emerging technology for rapid economic growth.

A Prototype of Smart Plastic Bottle Recycle Machine Using IoT

The growing concern over plastic pollution and its adverse impact on the environment has prompted the development of innovative solutions to address the issue effectively. Improper disposal of plastic bottles leads to environmental pollution. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype of smart plastic bottle recycle machine, integrating the Internet of Things (IoT). The Arduino board is used to control the machine. The smart plastic bottle recycling machine incorporates the ESP8266 and a Wi-Fi enabled system-on-chip (SoC) module used to develop IoT embedded applications. The utilization of IoT technology enables seamless real-time data transmission, allowing for efficient communication with the central system and simpliying remote monitoring and management processes. The IoT-enabled sensors and cameras capture information about the plastic bottles, such as their material, size, and condition. Thus, it makes recycling easy and satisfying, which motivates people to get involved in recycling activities. Moreover, implementing a point system that rewards individuals for their recycling efforts not only serves as an extra motivation for users, but also encourages them to actively participate in the preservation of the environment. Therefore, this prototype demonstrates the potential to foster sustainable recycling practices, which is a promising first step towards a future that prioritizes environmental consciousness

Empowering Local Communities to Help Solve Plastic Waste Through Education and Recycling Solution

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-GB">This community service program aims to create awareness of the plastic pollution challenge by empowering the local communities around Sekolah Alam Solo Raya (SELASAR). The program is part of a problem-based learning approach implemented to support community-based education in SELASAR. SELASAR’s students are expected to educate the communities in sorting the general waste and separating out items that can be recycled. The educational kit of a simple recycling machine will be developed in UNS and then installed in Sekolah Alam Solo Raya for educational purposes. The communities will take an educational tour through plastic recycling, from sorting to final production. The objective of the educational tour is to raise awareness of waste reduction and provide practical tips on how to create a more sustainable environment. It is also expected that students could create well-designed products that have more commercial value.</span></p>

Development of a Laboratory-Scale Steam Boiler for Polyurethane (Foam) Waste Recycling Machine

In this paper, a laboratory-scale (small) Steam Boiler was designed and developed for a small-scale polyurethane recycling machine. A small-sized polyurethane machine was developed for the recycling of polyurethane foams to reduce wastes in the polyurethane production industries and also to reuse old discarded foams after their useful lives. It has been observed from studies carried out in many foam manufacturing industries that the polyurethane foam wastes generated from various plant operations are enormous. Also, polyurethane (foam) products are everywhere in our homes, industries and automobiles and are always discarded after their useful lives. These wastes need to be recycled always in other for them not to get back into our ecosystems thereby polluting our environment because polyurethane foams are non-biodegradables and can remain in the environment for a very long time. However, only a few companies with strong financial capabilities are able to embark on this venture because of the high costs of machinery and large quantities of chemicals involved. The high costs of machinery and chemicals also deter cottage industries from participating in the recycling of old and discarded polyurethane foams. Therefore, there is a need to develop small-scale polyurethane foam waste recycling machines to reduce the costs of machinery and chemicals involved in the recycling thereby allowing more participation in the recycling process. The boiler is used to generate high-temperature steam for curing and better bonding of the shredded foams. The heating chamber of the machine consists of the steam boiler, and pressure hose to enable passage of steam from the steam boiler into the molding box. The total volume of the boiler is 2.5 Litres. The outlet steam temperature is 135 0C and 25 psi pressure. The heat rate is 1.52 kJ/s. The recycled foams were able to cure and bonded better with the addition of steam compared to without the steam. The percentage difference in I.F.D, Resilience, Tensile Stress and percent elongation are +0.56, -2.00, +85.45, and +68.39 respectively. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Design and Development of Paper Recycling Machine

Abstract: In any big institution,especially educational institutions like schoolsor colleges, generation of large quantity ofwaste papers is quite apparent. And effective use of recycled paper is also possible (craft papers, registers etc). So, instead of disposing off the waste papers into trash, recycling themmakes sense. This not only helps the institute in cost saving but will also ensure its contribution towards the protection of the environment. Designing automatically operated small-scaled paper recycling plant, which can be used in schools and colleges, ensures that a cheap and non-complex methodof production of paper product is guaranteed.Accordingly design of the machine unit has been prepared with all necessary component specifications.

Fabrication of Waste Cable Stripping Machine for Recycling Copper Material

Abstract: With the rapid growth of civilization and the constant expansion of electrical cables, there has been an increase in the amount of used cable in recent years. But for recycling used cables, the local recyclers have not yet been reached the machine. They were mostly using open burn technology. It ended up with lot of health issues, environmental pollution, poor quality copper and others. By aiming for this, a copper cable recycling machine was built in this project to achieve a pollution-free environment for the copper recycling process, resulting in a significant increase in the creation of a healthy environment for waste copper cable recyclers at the lowest possible cost. Using AUTOCAD 2020, the conceptual design of the machine was done. The machine consists of frame, motor with adjuster, rotary V-shaped rod and rotary tool with adjuster. All the parts of the machine were collected and/or fabricated, and they were also assembled together with the help of a metal arc welding process to form the rigid structure. The result declared that the machine used stripping technology to separate the plastic and copper from the used cables.

Design and Research of Multi-functional Plate Recycling Machine Based on Artificial Intelligence

Design and Research of Multi-functional Plate Recycling Machine Based on Artificial Intelligence

CAD Design for Recycling and Utilization of Waste Packaging from the Perspective of Ecological Criticism

In order to realize the value of packaging waste through recycling, detection, classification, maintenance, and reprocessing, the model construction and simulation study of logistics packaging recycling and utilization were put forward. This paper takes logistics companies as the research object, aiming at the business model of logistics companies, uses the Internet of things recycling machine for packaging recycling, and establishes a dual channel packaging recycling model. This model is intended to compare and analyze the difference between traditional packaging waste recycling channel and intelligent recycling machine of the internet of things in terms of recycling cost, profit, recovery rate, waste incineration rate, and other aspects. It is assumed that the recycling proportion of the two channels accounts for half of the packaging waste. The results of simulation analysis on recycling and utilization of dual-channel packaging waste show that in the simulated time period, the recycling rate of the intelligent recycling machine using the internet of things is higher than that of the traditional dispersed recycling vendors. Assume that when the recycling frequency = 2, when the recycling frequency is increased to 2 times a day, the recycling time of the internet of things recycling machine is further shortened, and the recycling efficiency is improved. At the same time, due to the improvement of the recycling rate of the internet of things recycling machine, the amount of waste packaging decreases, so the recycling rate of the dispersed recycling vendors decreases accordingly. The recycling revenue and net profit generated by channel 2 (internet of things recycling machine) are higher than those generated by channel 1 (decentralized recycling vendor responsible for recycling). The average profit of channel 2 is about 28,163.69 yuan, while the average profit of channel 1 is only 9,395.89 yuan. The waste recovered through channel 2 is lower than that in channel 1; the average for channel 1 is 15.58 tons. However, the average value of channel 2 is 14.58 tons. Comprehensive analysis shows that channel 2 has obvious advantages in reducing waste discharge. However, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development of recycling technology, improve the reuse efficiency, and reduce the incineration of nonreusable waste as much as possible to the minimum, which proves the robustness of this paper to the logistics packaging recycling model construction. It is proved that the robustness of this paper for logistics packaging recycling model construction provides strong support for the analysis of waste pallets and packaging recycling-related issues.

Optimization of mixing chamber parameters of pavement recycling machine under engineered particle model analysis

ABSTRACT The structural parameters of the mixing chamber of a pavement recycling machine affect the mixing behavior of an asphalt mixture. Most of the existing studies have used spherical particle models to analyze the mixing behavior, and it is difficult to truly understand the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures in the mixing chamber. In this study, the discrete element similarity theory and dimensional analysis method were used to establish an engineered asphalt mixture particle model, and the validity of the model was verified by conducting a slump test. Based on these test results, the discrete element method was used to analyze the mixing behavior of the asphalt mixture, and the effect of the structural parameters of the mixing chamber on the mixing time of the asphalt mixture was investigated. The experiment was designed using the orthogonal test method, and a regression model was established based on the experimental data. The PSO algorithm was used to optimize the structural parameters of the mixing chamber. The results show that the mixing time of the coarse aggregate is reduced by 19.31%, the mixing time of the fine aggregate is reduced by 36.36%, and the mixing time of the powder is reduced by 33.33%.

Customer preference analysis in using cash recycle machine service at Bank Syariah Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the level of preference of Bank Syariah Indonesia customers in using cash deposit services through the Cash Recycle Machine (CRM). This is a qualitative research with qualitative data in the form of ordinal data collected through questionnaires and compiled using a semantic differential scale with 10 predetermined attributes. The sample in this study was 100 customers of Bank Syariah Indonesia Langsa City Branch which was determined through accidental sampling technique. The research method used is the Kendall's concordance method processed with SPSS. The results of the research through the Kendall's test obtained the Kendall's value of 0.33 and the X2 value of 29.531. While the value of X2table0.05;9 is 16.918. This means that there is a relevancy of the respondent's answer preferences related to the 10 attributes used in the questionnaire. Meanwhile, 9 of 10 attributes, namely decision, distance, time period, time for deposit cash, technology, level of practicality, smooth access, durability of deposit proof, and level of risk, have a preference that tends to be positive and be taken into consideration for customers to deposit their cash through the CRM service. Except for the attribute which is related to the level of security where the average respondent agrees that it is not really be taken into customer consideration in making cash deposits through CRM service.

Technical Overview and Environmental Value of PaperLab A-8000, The Dry Fiber Paper Recycling Machine

Technical Overview and Environmental Value of PaperLab A-8000, The Dry Fiber Paper Recycling Machine