Recycle Bin Research Articles

Relative Location of Bins and Its Effects on Recycling in Campus

The amount of non-recyclable material in recycle-bins creates extra cost because of the extra labor required for sorting and transportation. This study aims to investigate if the problem is caused by the placement of the recyclebins. We analyzed whether basic placement changes in proximity would reduce the amount of wastes in recyclebins and also whether these changes will maximize the recyclable materials in the recycle bins, thus, helping the recycling process to be more profitable. There was a significant decrease of externally derived contamination when recycle-bins were placed further, relative to waste-bins. However, that reduced the recyclable materials also. The conclusion was placing a bin nearer to foot traffic increases its litter load. It is recommended that in places with higher amount of recyclable material, recycle-bins to be placed nearer, regardless of externally derived contamination, in order to obtain as much recyclable material as possible.

Reimagining The Ruins of Scenography

Reimagining The Ruins of Scenography Tanja Beer (bio) Opening night at the theater and the stage is awash with color and spectacle, an awe-inspiring display of set and costume extravagance. Fast-forward eighteen months: this wondrous design has transformed itself into a mountainous ruin, oozing from a skip deep in the bowels of the building. These contemporary “theater ruins’” begin relatively harmlessly, hidden behind dusty staircases and at the back of storage units, crowding corridors and littering dressing rooms. But sooner or later, what doesn’t make it into the recycle bin is cast off to the land of “away,” where skips overflow into leaching landfills, and, inevitably, into our fragile ecosystems. It is here that we encounter the unsettling reality that our arts practices have consequences. The ephemeral and highly specific nature of theatrical work means that most set and costume designs are only valued for the duration of the performance season (often a matter of days or weeks) before they are discarded.1 Designers are rarely contracted to consider the impact of their designs after opening night, or to build post-production possibilities into their creative processes. But does it need to be this way? Can the image of the skip as the final resting place of most theatrical designs instead be revised to find another endpoint where creativity and innovation can once again flourish? How might scenographers embrace cyclic rather than linear production processes to rethink the potential of art’s refuse? [End Page 487] This essay explores the role of the scenographer in seeking out the artistic potential of unconventional materials and discarded objects in and beyond the theater. Here, extending the use of materials is not approached out of austerity but fueled by a desire for invention and ingenuity—a way of rethinking design in response to ecological values. Moving beyond the transient nature of performance design, I ask whether post-production considerations can become an integral component of the design concept and thereby extend the legacy of the project. I consider how the temporality of scenic design can be reexamined so that the “end-point” of production is no longer seen as waste, but becomes an opportunity (intellectual as well as material) for continuing the creative process itself. Central to this investigation is a reconsideration of notions of value in and beyond the theater. Instead of concentrating on waste reduction through the reuse of objects, the focus of this research is to examine how recycled materials and found objects can generate value and make a contribution beyond the restricted theatrical economy of production. For example, a set designer might seek out the untapped creative possibilities of readily available resources (such as stock items, found objects, and discarded materials), or materials that might ordinarily be rubbished or otherwise devalued, as a means of creating something of beauty and resonance that might also extend beyond the performance event. This essay begins by introducing the concept of ecoscenography, a practice I define as the integration of ecological thinking into all stages of scenographic production and aesthetics.2 Rethinking conventional production processes, I examine contemporary thinking about material culture and agency through the scenographer’s practice of “making.” Using a practice-based research project—This Is Not Rubbish, which began in December 2012 and unfolded in four phases over a span of two years—I explore the journey of material rescued from the landfill and its capacity to create immersive performance spaces and wearable artifacts. This Is Not Rubbish considers how post-production procedures may be considered an integral part of the scenographic event and its broader artistic project.3 The project situates itself in the field of expanded scenography,4 where scenographic practices are considered outside of “conventional roles and sites of [End Page 488] theater”5 to engage with broader issues of social and environmental advocacy. While This Is Not Rubbish was conducted primarily outside of traditional contexts of theater making (to enable greater flexibility to explore novel ideas and approaches), this essay also considers potential applications of the project to conventional theater design practices as well. AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOSCENOGRAPHY “Ecoscenography” is a neologism I use to bring scenography into an increased awareness of...

Preferred Attributes of Waste Separation Behaviour: An Empirical Study

This study attempts to identify the preferred attributes for waste separation behaviour among communities in Malaysian universities. Recycling is a plausible path to reduce the amount of waste generated in the country in a sustainable way. Regrettably, less than 10% of the waste in Malaysia is recycled. Separating the waste before recycling is important to avoid contamination of waste, which could diminish the value of recycling while increasing the recycling rate. Results of a preliminary survey conducted on a university campus indicate that the waste separation behaviour in the community on campus is not encouraging. A total of 564 convenience samples were invited from the community of the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to provide their preferred attribute for waste separation behaviour on campus. A choice-based conjoint analysis identified a set of four attributes to foster waste separation behaviour, comprised of the following attributes: accessibility to the recycle bin, incentive, reminder, and information. Each attribute is associated with a list of sub-attributes. The accessibility to recycle bin attribute was identified by the community as the highest priority attribute for waste separation, with a share of 48%. The set of attributes proposed in this study will help the university management when making decisions and allocating scarce resources to foster waste separation behaviour among the community and fulfilling its social responsibility.

Engagement in Campus Environmental Activities and Green Initiatives in Malaysia

This study examines the structural relationship between attitudes towards environmental activities, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, and students' intention to engage in environmental activities and green initiatives on campus and the moderating effects of actual engagement with environmental activities such as using recycle bins in the campus. Results of the covariance structural equation modelling based (CB-SEM) approach divulged that perceived behavioural control positively affects students' intention to engage in environmental activities and green initiatives on campus was significantly proven. Next, results also found significant differences between light and heavy categories of actual engagement with environmental activities such as using recycle bins which successfully moderated these links. The research makes a significant contribution to a solid understanding of the students' intention to engage in environmental and green initiatives on campus, which is marginally touched on in the literature in the Asia context. Direction for future research is also provided.

Collection and recycle bin location-allocation problem in solid waste management: A review

This comprehensive work explores the research performed inoptimization of the collection bin and in recycle bin location-allocation issues in solidwaste management. Although the collection phase of solid waste management accountsfor a significant proportion of the municipal budget, it has attracted only limitedattention of the researchers. Optimization of the collection bin and recycle bin location-allocation problems in solid waste management can be advantageous with respect to binaccess to every individual person of municipality, reduction in the numbers of opendumping yards, considerable profit if the recycled products are properly processed, andas an effort toward sustainable and green world. Hence, the topic of interest should bepursued, especially in developing countries, to enable development of a cost-efficient and sustainable solid waste management system.

Toward zero waste: Composting and recycling for sustainable venue based events

This study evaluated seven different waste management strategies for venue-based events and characterized the impacts of event waste management via waste audits and the Waste Reduction Model (WARM). The seven waste management scenarios included traditional waste handling methods (e.g. recycle and landfill) and management of the waste stream via composting, including purchasing where only compostable food service items were used during the events.Waste audits were conducted at four Arizona State University (ASU) baseball games, including a three game series. The findings demonstrate a tradeoff among CO2 equivalent emissions, energy use, and landfill diversion rates. Of the seven waste management scenarios assessed, the recycling scenarios provide the greatest reductions in CO2 eq. emissions and energy use because of the retention of high value materials but are compounded by the difficulty in managing a two or three bin collection system. The compost only scenario achieves complete landfill diversion but does not perform as well with respect to CO2 eq. emissions or energy.The three game series was used to test the impact of staffed bins on contamination rates; the first game served as a baseline, the second game employed staffed bins, and the third game had non staffed bins to determine the effect of staffing on contamination rates. Contamination rates in both the recycling and compost bins were tracked throughout the series. Contamination rates were reduced from 34% in the first game to 11% on the second night (with the staffed bins) and 23% contamination rates at the third game.

Sport neuroscience revisited (?): a commentary.

Sport neuroscience revisited (?): a commentary.

Alexander Chak’s Correspondence – historical and artistic value of the Latvian cultural heritage

Evaluating and grouping the literature historical relics, including the correspondences by letters between famous people, for a ground (base) we could take categories which demonstrate the qualities which have elements from the material world in an anent with a human. The cultural historian Fridrich Waidacher by researching the interconnection and selective values between material and spiritual world classified the evidences of material world in several chapters which are not strictly caged in permanent schemes (patterns). The division was made by taking F. Waidacher conception as a base and researching the correspondence by letters of Latvian poets and cultural workers: The potential value of the memory, the meaning which we ascribe to a concrete object (epistle). The historical value (a reference to a concrete period of time). The value of variability (a reference to the changes in the world). Rarity (singularity). The valueofarts. The correspondence in the Latvian literature – history is not a rarity. There are published several letters, for an example, between Mirdza Kempe and Eric Adamson; collected and are waiting for publishing – Raina and Aspazijas letters in the time from 1894 to 1929. This correspondence is made from 2499 letters in Latvian, Russian and German: 1154 letters are from Aspazija to Rainis and 1345 – from Rainis to Aspazija. The correspondence by letters for Alexandrs Chaks is more modest. There are just some letters, which were written by the poet. In collections in the Museum of Alexandr Chak and in the Museum of Literature and Music are approximately 40 letters written by other persons, which written to Alexandr Chak. For reasons of clearliness, they can be devided in: Letters of friends and greeting cards, which were sent to the poet in annual increment and also on birthdays. The letters from colleagues in which are analyzed the creative literature works. Official letters and reports which were sent from the State authorities and public organizations. Invitations and encouragements to start a literary work. This part refers to the period of time after the war when poets were „propelled“ to write more and appropriate to the leading instructions. Requests of help and money loans were always an issue, because A. Chak was not closefisted and gave the money to many suppliants. Letters from admirers. The most pleasant part of the correspondence. The correspondence by letters in nowadays is a rarity. It is a unique evidence of the beginning of 20th century which supplemented and enriched the history of Latvian literature and culture, by marking a very personal lines in lives of writers and poets. In this research are included just the main thoughts and waypoints in the diversity in A. Chak’s correspondence. The left written message by the poet – correspondence is deliberate and easy to access for researcher. The aim of the research: the evaluating the cultural heritage of the correspondence of Alexander Chak. The method of the research: the used method includes life stories, historical content and researching of the letters and personal documents from people who are involved in this research. In the history of literature are used not only such nomenclatures like biographical method, but also the method of oral history. The exploratory material – correspondence – is acquired during the biographical research and interviews. The biographical access, in general, is typical accent on a life of a person and also on the most significant stages and expression of it. Also, if the goal of a research is to analyze various life aspects or life stages of a person, these are looked up in a biographical context. The main question in those biographical researches is about interrelations between individual and the World. Material: the exploratory material is the correspondence of Alexander Chak which is collected and summed up from various museum holdings of Latvia, publications in books and private collections. Outcome: Are collected all written letters by Alexander Chak which are extant. Are collected and grouped all letters which Alexander Chak has received from other addressees. These letters are grouped and analyzed, by considering the topical principle. Conclusions: The culture of letter writing disappears. In the 20th century people wrote letters to each other which are extant and usable for the basis of source information in the exploratory work. Nowadays it is an exclusive thing, letters to be written in paper form, which helps to form and strengthen people relationship. The lifespan of an electronically letters are just so long, till they are moved to the recycle bin and completely deleted from the computer. The researchers of the next century will face the lack of documental material. The researchers of literature history in next hundred years will face the lack of documental material which will partly disturb to trace the development of a poets or a story writers character.

Too Big for the Recycle Bin: A Procurement Insight into the Latest USTR Report

This short article is a commentary on certain procurement-related aspects of the 2013 USTR Report -- National Trade Estimate on Foreign Trade Barriers in India; with a brief assessment of inaccuracies, both factual and analytical, contained in the USTR Report.

Legends of the Library Ninjas: New Frontiers in Library Instruction

Librarians can become disheartened when carefully prepared handouts go in the recycle bin, or are left on chairs and tables when an instruction session ends. The realization that the instruction has become stale is even more discouraging. Recognizing a need for innovative library instruction after reading Matt Upson and Michael Hall’s Library of the Living Dead, and experiencing such student apathy towards their own instruction, the librarians from Kansas State University Salina and Kansas Wesleyan University were inspired to collaborate to create a graphic novel to use as part of library instruction since neither of us felt we could tackle this project alone. The goal was to create something unique, memorable, and that would give the reader the impression the library can be fun and lighthearted, while teaching basic research skills to encourage lifelong learning. This article will discuss the history and execution of the project, present survey results from both before and after using the graphic novel as part of library instruction, and look at the future of the project.

The Governance Mechanism of Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipments

With the amount of waste electrical and electronic products, environmental pollution becomes more and more serious. Therefore, how to recycle waste electrical and electronic equipments has attracted wide attention. By employing the experience of foreign countries in the recovery of waste electrical and electronic products for reference, the paper points out domestic practice in recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments has a long way to go. In the following, the paper summarizes governing body for recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipments, comprising of stakeholders in charge of recycle bin, logistics side and supervision side. And then, the paper proposes the governance mechanism of recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipments through channel system, the cost mechanism, management system, and legal system. Finally, the paper summarizes the conclusions and looks forward to the future.

Reducing Waste Disposal from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Campus By 2-Bins Recycling System

This is a study on the 2- bins recycling system at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) year 2010 to reduce waste disposal at landfills. Fifty sets of 2-bins recycling system were allocated in the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The number of recyclable items found in the recycling and mixed waste bins served as dependent measurements. Results indicated that the recycling containers successfully recovered recyclable items by 49.5%, but still a high proportion of recyclable items thrown into the mixed waste container which is 50.5% which indicates wrong bins usage. Awareness programs are required to increase rate of participation among students.

Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Potential for University Technology PETRONAS Academic Buildings

Problem statement: In many countries such as Malaysia, it is increasin gly more difficult to find suitable locations for landfills, which are accepted by the population. These circumstances are to be found all over the world and make new str ategies for waste management necessary. Approach: Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) systems are one of the greatest challenges for sustainable development. But for any ISWM system to be successful, the first step is to carry out waste characterization studies. Therefore, the stud y was conducted to characterize the quality and quantity of generated solid waste at University Tec hnology PETRONAS (UTP) academic buildings to suggest a recycling system with emphas is on recycling container size and arrangement. Results: Initially, a survey was conducted to highlight the existing situation of recycling activities and recycle bins condition in the campus. Then, six different sampling points wer e selected at campus academic complex and solid waste from those points was characterized for both term-time and semester break periods. Procedure of sampling involved unloading and analyzing a quantity of produced daily waste at each building i n a controlled area. The integrity of all received waste was maintained regardless of the odor or phys ical decay. While survey outcomes shows that 80% of students and staff were interested to take p art in recycling activities only 53% of them have practiced in it and the main reasons were that 75 a nd 83% of them could not find suitable and enough number of recycle bin, respectively. In another dev elopment it was obtained that up to 80% of produced materials at academic building are recycla ble while paper percentage is predominant with 40% and 33% during term-time and semester break, respectively. Food waste was detected in all samples which could lead cross contamination, value drop and development of odor and flies. The solid waste generation was varied between 8.8-2.4 k g day -1 in term-time and semester break, respectively. Conclusion/Recommendations: These results showed providing suitable and enough number of recycling bins would encourage more people to participate in recycling activities. This will lead to more efficient waste segregation and reduct ion of waste load to the landfills. Therefore, a sm all or medium size three-compartment container system is suggested to be used in academic building of the campus which collects all paper and cardboard i n first container, all plastic, glass, tin cans, aluminum and any other metals in second container a nd food waste in the third container.

The evolution of AV

Sometimes considered more an irritant than prophylactic, has the traditional anti-virus file checker been assigned to the recycle bin of computer history? William Knight scratches beneath the surface to ask where all that scanning technology will end up

It Matters a Hole Lot

This article examines whether specialized lids on waste receptacles affect recycling compliance in public settings. Thirty waste receptacles were assigned to a lids-present and lids-absent condition, and the number of recyclable items found in recycling and waste bins served as the dependent measure. Results indicated the presence of specialized recycling container lids increased the beverage-recycling rate by 34%, which suggests that perceptual affordances of specialized container lids improve recycling compliance. Possible underlying mechanisms and implications for institutions seeking to promote recycling as an environmentally responsible behavior are discussed.

The Day Math and Reading Got Hitched

Every teacher has encountered the need for a reteach. On this particular day, I was past the reteach knot on the reteaching rope. I dangled from a solitary string. My bags of tricks, now empty, became dead weight. The dreaded fifthgrade word problem was predicted to win another battle. Its fallen opponents now lay scattered across my desk. Amid the papers lay a dried-up pen whose days of “Great job!” now lay forgotten with the writing of the words “Please see me.” I had failed my students. They deserved better than this. I sat in my puddle of misery and finally decided there had to be something else we could do to get hold of these problems, so I swept the tests into the recycle bin and stalked out the door.

Influence of distance on the motivation and frequency of household recycling

People choose to participate in recycling for a variety of reasons. This study analyzes the relationship between the frequency of selective separation and general refuse disposal, and the influence on the recycling habit of the walking distance to drop off the materials. The methodology employed was one of personal interviews in the street, the study population being a region in the north of Spain (Principality of Asturias). More than one thousand people participated in this survey carried out in 2002. Five hypotheses related to three variables (the frequency for depositing recycling materials and general refuse, the distance to recycling and general bins, and the recycling habit) were tested using different statistical tests. Results show that the people who frequently go to the bins to dispose of general refuse are more likely to recycle some product at home, and in most cases, as the distance to the recycling bins decreases, the number of fractions that citizens separate and collect at home increases. Most of the results obtained have been compared with other previous in literature.

From Worn-out to Web-Based: Better Student Portfolios

If too many of your students' dog-eared writing portfolios are ending up in the recycle bin, consider Ms. Diehm's solution to unleash student creativity and maybe even save a few trees. IT WAS June 8, and the last exam on the last day of the school year was almost over. Sweat beads dotted each brow, and even though a few students hadn't quite finished the exam's essay question, the fidgeting could no longer be suppressed. I called for pencils to be put down and began passing out the students' folders, officially called writing portfolios, for the school year. Some students, anxious to begin vacation, stuffed their portfolios into their backpacks, rezipped, and headed for the door. A few others, not quite so impatient, paged through the overstuffed folders, musing over writings from earlier in the year. In an effort to appease me, a couple of students offered up a modest plea: Do we HAVE to keep these? In response I launched into my unpublished treatise on The Importance of High School Writings to College Freshmen -- it was mostly ignored. A half dozen or so others pitched the folders aggressively into the wastebasket as they crossed the threshold out of my room. (Now, I suppose you could argue that the students would have kept their portfolios if I had moved the trash can away from the door. However, I'm convinced from the determination in their eyes that they would have held on to those folders only as far as the nearest place of disposal, possibly the hallway.) During the 1990s, writing portfolios were all the rage. English teachers liked them because students could edit, revise, and refer to earlier work and could actually see the improvement in their writing over time. Parents liked them because they could view their children's work at parent/teacher conferences. Administrators liked them because they could serve as a depository for the writing samples required for state-mandated tests. Even some colleges and universities sanctified them for a while, requiring students to submit writings as part of the admissions process (this was ultimately dropped by most schools -- too many applicants and too much to review). To tell the truth, portfolios were a pretty good idea, but ironically, the more effectively they were used, the more cumbersome and unusable they became. Just think about a school with 800 students. While 200 students take their portfolios with them at graduation, the other 600 folders must be sorted and given to the teachers who will have the returning students in their classes the next school year. The folders bulge, wear out, and fall apart, and many end up in the recycle bin as students prepare to walk out of school for the last time. I began the 2001-02 school year with paper portfolios as usual, but I dreaded the prospect of another year of piling and pitching. I can't say for sure how I came to my new idea. I do know it was partly because of my bubbling agitation over the old way, along with information and encouragement from our school's technology department. My idea was a unique, efficient, and creative method for students to archive their work: electronic portfolios -- Web-based collections of a student's work. To put my idea into practice, I created an electronic portfolio project that spanned five 90-minute class sessions (about one session every week or two). The first step was for students to create an opening page for their portfolios using the software of their choice. One of the advantages of electronic portfolios is that students can create them using any software program with which they are comfortable, whether that be MS Publisher, MS PowerPoint, MS Word, or any other program. I provided the students with specific requirements for the opening pages so that grading would be effective and meaningful and emphasized that their audience could include anyone from a parent to an employer to a college admissions counselor. I also reminded the students that their opening page makes an initial impression, much like meeting someone face-to-face for the first time. …

Writing papers people remember

Can you recall the papers you read last month? Probably not. You invested the time and have very little to show for it. It's not your fault. Chances are, from inception these papers were headed toward your personal recycle bin. Certainly not all published papers can be landmarks, but why are so many forgettable?

Evaluating the potential for recycling all PET bottles into new food packaging

To evaluate the feasibility of recycling all PET bottles into food packaging, realistic estimates of the maximum concentration of contaminants that might be expected in the polymer are needed. To estimate the maximum concentration of a contaminant that might be in PET from the storage of non-food substances, sorption experiments into two types of PET were performed. These test materials were 0.8mm thick amorphous PET (a relative sink for contaminants) and commercial PET bottle wall. Using a commercial shampoo containing 1% lindane (C 6 H 6 Cl 6), the test materials were stored in contact with the shampoo at 20 and 40 ° C for 231 days. This commercial shampoo also represents an extreme case because it contains 7% acetone, a solvent which swells PET, further enhancing sorption of chemicals. Additional sorption experiments into PET were performed by preparing solutions of 10% toluene in Miglyol (a fractionated coconut oil), 10% benzophenone in Miglyol, 5% 2-butoxyethoxy ethanol (2-BE) in 50/50 water/ethanol, and 10% methyl stearate in heptane. Sorption data from the shampoo into PET illustrate Fickian behaviour. Specifically, the amount of sorption at room temperature is 40 times less than that at 40 ° C. The amount of lindane sorbed into PET from the shampoo after 231 days was 0.1 and 3.7mg dm -2 at 20 and 40 ° C respectively. These values correspond to 28 and 765mgkg -1 on a mass/mass basis. All sorptions are within the ranges measured and published by other authors using surrogate contamination testing schemes. Additionally, actual bottles from recycle bins were analysed for the amount of contamination. Results are discussed in terms of potential consumer exposure to non-food contaminants in food containers made of recycled PET and in relation to the surrogate testing methods recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for determining the compatibility of a PET recycling process to produce containers suitable for food-contact use.