Recurrent Triple-negative Breast Cancer Research Articles

Abstract PO1-06-12: Phase II study of sitravatinib plus tislelizumab with or without nab-paclitaxel in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic triple negative breast cancer

Abstract Background: The combination of a PD-(L)1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity as first-line therapy for patients (pts) with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic PD-L1 positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, for pts without PD-L1 expression and for those who have failed prior lines of treatment, therapeutic options are still limited. This multi-cohort, phase II trial aimed to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of 70 mg (cohort A) or 100 mg (cohort B) sitravatinib plus tislelizumab in pts with locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC, and their combination (70 mg sitravatinib plus tislelizumab) with nab-paclitaxel in untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC pts (cohort C). The efficacy of sitravatinib plus tislelizumab in cohort A and B has been reported with objective response rate (ORR) of 38.1% and 45.0%, respectively. Herein, the preliminary results of cohort C and updated results of cohort A and B were reported. Methods: Pts with untreated locally inoperable or metastatic TNBC were included in cohort C and received 70 mg sitravatinib orally once daily plus 200 mg tislelizumab intravenously on day 1 and 100mg/m2 nab-paclitaxel on days 1 and 8 every three weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was ORR. Secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), 1-year overall survival (OS) rate and safety/tolerability. Based on Simon’s two-stage design, > 9 responders were need in stage 1 (n=18) for the study to continue, and >19 responders were needed by the end of study (n=35) to demonstrate statistical superiority with sitravatinib plus tislelizumab and nab-paclitaxel (assumed to be around 65%) to a historical control of 46% (1-sided alpha of 0.1, power of 80%). Updated analyses were provided for cohort A (Simon’s 2 stage design) and B (Bayesian optimal phase II design). Results: Among the 18 pts in stage 1 of cohort C, 12 of them achieved confirmed response, and therefore the study proceeded to the enrollment in stage 2. As of April 30, 2023, a total of 32 pts were enrolled, with a median age of 51 years. Among the 23 efficacy evaluable pts, unconfirmed ORR was 87.0% (95% CI 66.4-97.2) (including 3 CRs and 17 PRs), with 7 pts not reaching next tumor assessment after reaching CR/PR, and confirmed ORR was 52.2% (95% CI 30.6-73.2). DCR was 95.7%. Any grade of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 31 (96.9%) pts, and grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 5 (15.6%) pts. One (3.1%) patient experienced grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events. SAEs were reported in 3 (9.4%) pts. At the data cut-off date, the median follow-up duration for cohort A and B was 20.4 (range 1.3–24.3) months and 13.3 (range 5.1-19.1) months, respectively. The median PFS in cohort A was 8.2 (95% CI 2.8-12.4) months, and in cohort B was 5.4 (95% CI 4.2-10.9) months. Median OS was not reached in both cohorts. RNA-seq analysis showed that the suppression of immune regulatory pathways and the activation of metabolic pathways promoted early progression. Besides, baseline angiogenesis associated pathway held the potential to predict the favorable response to tislelizumab plus sitravatinib. Conclusion: In the first-line treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC, preliminary analysis of cohort C showed that sitravatinib combined with tislelizumab and nab-paclitaxel had promising anti-tumor activity with a high ORR, and the combination was generally well tolerated. In TNBC pts with less than three lines of therapy, the chemotherapy-free regimen with sitravatinib plus tislelizumab demonstrated promising PFS after a longer follow-up duration. Citation Format: Lei Fan, Xiyu Liu, Ying Xu, Xinyi Sui, Wenjuan Zhang, Linxiaoxi Ma, Xi Jin, Song-Yang Wu, Han Wang, Yi Xiao, Li Chen, Jiong Wu, Ke-da Yu, Guangyu Liu, Xin Hu, Zhonghua Wang, Yi-Zhou Jiang, Zhi-Ming Shao. Phase II study of sitravatinib plus tislelizumab with or without nab-paclitaxel in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-06-12.

Abstract GS01-05: Pembrolizumab + Olaparib vs Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy After Induction With Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent Inoperable or Metastatic TNBC: Randomized Open-Label Phase 2 KEYLYNK-009 Study

Abstract Background: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy (chemo) showed statistically significant improvements in PFS and OS vs placebo + chemo in patients (pts) with previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) whose tumors expressed PD-L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-355 study. Tolerable and effective maintenance regimens after induction therapy are needed to sustain clinical benefit. The PARP inhibitor olaparib is an established maintenance therapy for multiple platinum-sensitive tumor types and prior data suggest that PARP inhibitors combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could provide an improved therapeutic effect. KEYLYNK-009 (NCT04191135) is a randomized open-label phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance pembro + olaparib vs pembro + chemo in pts with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC who had clinical benefit from induction with 1L pembro + platinum-based chemo. Methods: Eligible pts with measurable, locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC that had not been previously treated with chemo in the metastatic setting received induction therapy for up to 6 cycles of pembro 200 mg + chemo (carboplatin AUC 2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) every 3 wk (Q3W). Pts with complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) after 4-6 treatment cycles were randomized 1:1 to receive pembro 200 mg Q3W + olaparib 300 mg twice daily or pembro + chemo (continued induction regimen). Olaparib or chemo was continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity; pembro was continued for up to 35 cycles (including induction treatment), progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Pts were stratified by induction response (CR or PR vs SD, by RECIST v1.1), tumor PD-L1 status (CPS ≥1 vs CPS < 1), and tumor genomic status (tBRCAm vs tBRCAwt). Dual primary endpoints were PFS per RECIST v1.1 by BICR and OS from randomization in all pts. Secondary endpoints included PFS and OS from randomization in pts with PD-L1 CPS ≥10 tumors and in pts with tBRCAm, and safety. Results: Of the 460 pts who received induction therapy, 271 were randomly assigned to pembro + olaparib (n=135) or pembro + chemo (n=136). At the Dec 15, 2022 data cutoff, median follow-up was 17.2 mo. Maintenance pembro + olaparib did not significantly improve PFS or OS vs pembro + chemo after induction therapy (Table). Median PFS was longer with pembro + olaparib vs pembro + chemo in pts with tBRCAm, but not in pts with PD-L1 CPS ≥10 tumors; a similar trend was observed for OS (Table). In 268 treated pts, treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 114 of 135 pts (84.4%) for pembro + olaparib and in 128 of 133 pts (96.2%) for pembro + chemo. Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 44 pts (32.6%) for pembro + olaparib (0 deaths) and in 91 pts (68.4%) for pembro + chemo (2 [1.5%] deaths), with 12 (8.9%) vs 26 (19.5%) discontinuations for TRAEs, respectively. Conclusions: The primary endpoints of PFS and OS were not met in an unselected population of pts with advanced TNBC. However, directionally favorable improvements in PFS and OS were observed in pts with tBRCAm with pembro + olaparib vs pembro + chemo, representing a potential maintenance strategy. Further data are required to confirm this effect. No new safety signals were observed, and there were fewer TRAEs in the pembro + olaparib group vs the pembro + chemo group. PFS and OS were evaluated from the time of randomization. *Based on stratified Cox regression model with Efron’s method of tie-handling with treatment as a covariate. NR = not reached. Citation Format: Hope Rugo, Mark Robson, Seock-Ah Im, Florence Dalenc, Eduardo Yañez Ruiz, Young-Hyuck Im, Sergii Kulyk, Oleksandr Dudnichenko, Néstor Llinás-Quintero, Shigehira Saji, Yasuo Miyoshi, Nadia Harbeck, Li Fan, Jaime Mejia, Vassiliki Karantza, David Cescon. Pembrolizumab + Olaparib vs Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy After Induction With Pembrolizumab + Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent Inoperable or Metastatic TNBC: Randomized Open-Label Phase 2 KEYLYNK-009 Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr GS01-05.

Abstract PO2-10-11: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Disease Volume, Severity and Clinical Complications at Diagnosis and During First Year of Advanced Breast Cancer: COVID19-ABC Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected healthcare systems, tumbling cancer screening programs and increasing fear of infection among medical facilities users. We hypothesized that the pandemic negatively impacted the clinical outcomes of patients (pts) with advanced breast cancer (ABC). The COVID19-ABC study aims to assess the influence of the pandemic on disease volume, severity, and clinical complications at diagnosis and during 1st year of ABC. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, quasi-experimental study with historical control. We included women treated for unresectable/metastatic recurrent or stage IV de novo ABC in a Belgian cancer center. Pts were eligible if ABC was diagnosed between 1/Jun/2020-30/Nov/2021 - pandemic exposure (Exp) cohort - or between 1/Jun/2017-30/Nov/2018 - historical (Hist) cohort. We collected data from medical records for baseline characteristics and study outcomes: proportion of oligometastatic disease (OMD) at ABC diagnosis, and proportion of visceral crisis and disease-related serious clinical events during the 1st month and between 1-12 months after ABC diagnosis. We compared baseline variables between the two cohorts using χ2 test for frequencies and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. We performed a pre-planned subgroup analysis by year of pandemic, immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtype, and recurrent vs de novo ABC. Univariate and multivariate backward stepwise logistic regressions were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association of exposure to the pandemic with study outcomes, controlling for confounders. Results: We included 150 pts, 74 in Exp and 76 in Hist cohort. Age and proportion of de novo ABC and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were numerically higher, while comorbidities and Ki67 index were significantly higher among patients in the Exp cohort (Table 1). Pts in the Exp cohort had a significantly higher risk of visceral crisis during the 1st month of ABC (28.4% vs 15.8%; OR 4.24, 95% CI, 1.45-12.39, adjusted for histology grade and recurrent vs de novo), with similar trend between 1-12 months of ABC (19.4% vs 12.7%, OR 1.66, 95% CI, 0.67-4.13). Visceral crisis tended to be more common in patients diagnosed in the 2nd vs 1st year of the pandemic (35.7% vs 26.7%, p=0.50). We observed higher proportions of visceral crisis in the Exp cohort for pts with recurrent ABC (36.5% vs 17.7%, p=0.02), HER2+ (66.7% vs 10.0%, p=0.01), and TNBC (40.0% vs 18.2%, p=0.21) IHC subtypes. The most common indicators of visceral crisis in the Exp cohort were symptomatic brain metastases (33.3%), malignant hypercalcemia (28.6%), and liver metastases with hepatic tests abnormalities (23.8%). OMD at presentation (35.1% vs 36.8%, p=0.83) and disease-related serious clinical events during 1st month (31.1% vs 37.3%, p=0.42) and between 1-12 months (31.9% vs 34.2%, p=0.77) did not differ between cohorts. Conclusion: Our study reports a more clinically severe presentation of ABC during the pandemic compared to historical control. This emerged particularly in recurrences and in more aggressive disease subtypes such as HER2+ and TNBC, suggesting a later diagnosis of ABC during the pandemic. These findings require validation in a larger sample, and longer follow-up is needed to assess survival impact. Table 1. Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics at diagnosis of advanced breast cancer (missing values: 1 for menopausal status, 21 for grade). Citation Format: Diogo Martins-Branco, Véronique Debien, Michel Moreau, Giovanna Pinna, Ottavia Amato, François Cherifi, Guilherme Nader-Marta, Marianne Paesmans, Evandro de Azambuja. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Disease Volume, Severity and Clinical Complications at Diagnosis and During First Year of Advanced Breast Cancer: COVID19-ABC Quasi-Experimental Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-10-11.

Abstract PO5-14-08: External Reproducibility of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx on Breast Cancer Specimens at CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10 Cutoffs

Abstract Background: PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx is an approved companion diagnostic for pembrolizumab treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Clinical evidence for pembrolizumab approval in TNBC was demonstrated by KEYNOTE-355 (NCT02819518), which investigated the clinical validity of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx in identifying patients with PD-L1 expressing Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥ 10 in previously untreated locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC.1 The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer as a whole is not as well defined as it is for TNBC. In this study, we show evidence of the reproducibility of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx in PD-L1 expression determination in breast cancer specimens at the CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10 cutoffs documenting robust assay performance in breast cancer. Methods: A blinded, randomized study was conducted at three external sites using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens. Reproducibility of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx was assessed at the inter-site, intra-site/inter-day, inter-observer, and intra-observer endpoints at the CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10 cutoffs. To assess inter-site and intra-site reproducibility, five replicate sets of pre-qualified unstained specimens were stained and evaluated at each of the three external sites. To assess inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility, one set of pre-stained specimens was evaluated three times by each of three external pathologists. Negative percent agreement (NPA), positive percent agreement (PPA), and overall percent agreement (OA), based on comparisons to consensus diagnostic outcome, were computed with corresponding two-sided 95% percentile bootstrap confidence intervals. Acceptance criteria required at least 85.0% for the lower-bound (LB) of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) on NPA, PPA, and OA for all endpoints. Results: All but one endpoint in the external reproducibility study met pre-determined acceptance criteria. Both the inter- and intra-site reproducibility endpoints had 95% CI LB values of 98.8% for NPA, 95.9% for PPA, and 97.9% OA at the CPS ≥ 1 cutoff. At the CPS ≥ 10 cutoff, the inter-site reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 88.0% for NPA, 87.1% for PPA, and 89.5% OA, and the intra-site reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 96.7% for NPA, 92.2% for PPA, and 95.6% OA. The inter-observer reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 95.3% for NPA, 92.3% for PPA, and 94.7% OA at the CPS ≥ 1 cutoff. At the CPS ≥ 10 cutoff, the inter-observer reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 84.9% for NPA, 86.8% for PPA, and 87.3% OA. The intra-observer reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 97.0% for NPA, 95.0% for PPA, and 96.6% OA at the CPS ≥ 1 cutoff. At the CPS ≥ 10 cutoff, the intra-observer reproducibility endpoint had 95% CI LB values of 92.2% for NPA, 89.2% for PPA, and 91.7% OA. Conclusions: Acceptance criteria were met for all endpoints in the breast cancer external reproducibility study of PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx at the CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10 cutoffs, except for inter-observer at the CPS ≥ 10 cutoff, which had a 95% CI LB value of 84.9% for NPA.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer.

Aim: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to evaluate the efficacy of first-line treatments for locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Materials & methods: Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating first-line treatments for locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC patients. NMA was performed to estimate relative treatment effects on overall and progression-free survival between pembrolizumab+chemotherapy and other interventions. Results: NMA including eight trials showed that the relative efficacy of pembrolizumab+chemotherapy was statistically superior to that of other immunotherapy- or chemotherapy-based treatment regimens. Conclusion: Pembrolizumab+chemotherapy confers benefits in survival outcomes versus alternative interventions for the first-line treatment of locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC patients.

Abstract CT095: Phase 1 evaluation of triple therapy with boserolimab (anti-CD27 agonist), pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) <10: Safety, antitumor activity, and association between biomarkers and response

Abstract Background: Pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy (chemo) is an approved therapy for patients (pts) with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) based on results from KEYNOTE-355. However, there is unmet need for effective treatment options in pts with PD-L1 CPS <10. In a first-in-human, open-label, phase 1 study (NCT03396445), treatment with escalating doses of the humanized anti-CD27 agonist boserolimab (MK-5890) alone and with pembro had acceptable safety and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity in pts with advanced solid tumors. We report results for a dose-expansion cohort of this study in pts with metastatic TNBC and PD-L1 CPS <10 tumors who received first-line triple therapy with boserolimab, pembro, and chemo. Exploratory analyses in this cohort assessed the association of baseline T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile (TcellinfGEP) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) with ORR. Methods: This dose-expansion cohort enrolled pts aged ≥18 y with previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, ECOG PS of 0/1, and tumors expressing PD-L1 at the cutoff of CPS <10 per PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx (local or central testing). Pts received boserolimab 30 mg IV Q6W plus pembro 400 mg IV Q6W for 18 cycles plus nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 (3 weeks on [days 1, 8, and 15]/1 week off). Primary objectives were safety/tolerability. A secondary objective was ORR per RECIST v1.1 by investigator assessment. Baseline TcellinfGEP was assessed using the NanoString PCI assay (N=31); TMB was assessed using the Illumina TSO500 mutational panel assay (N=21). Results: 41 pts were enrolled in the dose-expansion cohort. Median study follow-up at data cutoff (Apr 25, 2023) was 11.1 (range, 2.2-20.5) mo. The most common treatment-related AEs were fatigue (51.2%), pruritus (51.2%), and alopecia (46.3%). Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 56.1% of pts (23/41); no grade 5 treatment-related AEs occurred. 9.8% of pts (4/41) discontinued ≥1 study treatment due to treatment-related AEs. Confirmed ORR was 46.3% (95% CI, 30.7%-62.6%), with 2 CRs and 17 PRs; 14 pts had SD, 5 had PD, and 3 had no postbaseline assessment at data cutoff. Median PFS was 10.3 (95% CI, 4.2-not reached) mo. No clear association between TcellinfGEP or TMB and confirmed ORR was observed; responses were observed in pts with non-TcellinfGEP-high (less than −0.318) and non-TMB-high (<10 mut/Mb) tumors. Conclusions: In pts with TNBC and tumors expressing PD-L1 at the cutoff of CPS <10, triple therapy with boserolimab, pembro, and chemo had acceptable safety and showed preliminary evidence of antitumor activity regardless of baseline TcellinfGEP expression or TMB status. Citation Format: Carlos Rojas, Bernard Gaston Doger de Spéville, Seock-Ah Im, Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, María De Miguel, Lucía González Cortijo, Margarita Romeo Marin, Maja de Jonge, Mark Ayers, Yiwei Zhang, Song Zhai, Elliot Chartash, Konstantin Dobrenkov, Joohyuk Sohn. Phase 1 evaluation of triple therapy with boserolimab (anti-CD27 agonist), pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) <10: Safety, antitumor activity, and association between biomarkers and response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr CT095.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab for metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer.

Toliparibizumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel (T+N) has excellent efficacy inmetastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the optimal choice of sequence of therapy is unclear given the trade-offs between quality of life and cost. Cost-effectiveness analyses can quantify these tradeoffs, leading to more informed decisions. Our objective was to assess the societal cost-effectiveness of the T+N regimen for metastatic or recurrent TNBC. Clinical data were extracted from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, TORCHLIGHT (NCT04085276). Patients were randomized into the T+N group or placebo plus nab-paclitaxel (P+N) group. 531 patients from 53 study locations were randomly assigned (T+N, n=353; P+N, n=178) into intend to treat (ITT) population; 200 and 100 patients, respectively had programmed death protein 1 (PD-L1) positive TNBC. A Markov model was established with a 21-day cycle length. Costs were acquired from local hospitals, effect parameters included quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The cost differences were 47,538.3 CNY in ITT population (T+N, 143,725.67 CNY; P+N group, 96,187.37 CNY) and 29,258.84 CNY in PD-L1+ subgroup (T+N, 100,128.28 CNY; P+N group, 70,869.45 CNY). Meanwhile, the IEs were 0.03409 in the ITT population (T+N, 0.55323 QALY; P+N, 0.51914 QALY) and 0.03409 in the PD-L1+ subgroup (T+N, 0.42327 QALY; P+N, 0.37628 QALY). The ICERs between T+N and P+N groups were 1,394,548.41 CNY/QALY in the ITT population and 622,663.98 CNY/QALY in the PD-L1+ subgroup. We also analyzed the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab could be received in the Chinese medical insurance catalog. If toripalimab could be reimbursed at an 80% rate, the cost differences were changed to 16,598.99 CNY in ITT population (T+N, 112,786.36 CNY; P+N group, 96,187.37 CNY) and 7,704.58 CNY in PD-L1+ subgroup (T+N, 78,574.03 CNY; P+N group, 70,869.45 CNY). Meanwhile, the IEs remained unchanged. The ICERs between T+N and P+N groups were changed to 486,935.82 CNY/QALY in the ITT population and 163,962.96 CNY/QALY in the PD-L1+ subgroup. Sensitivity analyses indicated the stability of the model and the impact of utility. At current drug prices, the T+N group is not more cost-effective than the P+N group, but after incorporating toripalimab into medical insurance, the T+N group will be more cost-effective for patients with PD-L1+ metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer.

Abstract IA008: Targeting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) using optimized ionizing radiation and drug combinations

Abstract Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is found not only in germline mutation carriers of HR genes but is also observed in sporadic cancers when both copies of the HR gene are inactivated. Recognition of HRD is facilitated by using genomic landscape alterations in addition to target gene sequencing. In addition, HR function can be established by measuring RAD51 foci in tumor specimens, particularly if they are irradiated ex-vivo to reveal the HR pathway function more clearly. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly enriched for HRD constituting ~45% of primary tumors and over 50% of locally recurrent or metastatic cancers. In a clinical trial of recurrent TNBC, we used the combination of ionizing radiation (IR) with low-dose weekly cisplatin (cis) to study the clinical response according to HRD status. The combination of IR + cis has been shown in HRD cells to be more sensitizing than either agent alone. In the clinical study of 49 TNBC patients, there were imaging responses in 22/29 (75%) HRD patients, but only in 4/20 (20%) HR-proficient patients. We have followed this study by investigating the combination of the PARP-inhibitor with radiotherapy in an ongoing clinical trial as well as with detailed cell-based studies. HRD cells have elevated PARP activity at baseline, as observed by the extent of PARylated proteins, plus the lower baseline levels of NAD. When PARP-inhibitors are combined with radiotherapy, there is demonstrable supra-additive sensitization at 6Gy of IR and up to 100nM talazoparib (TZ). However, when the dose of TZ is above 1 µM, there is paradoxical recovery from the combination therapy, due to rescue of NAD depletion in HRD cells. The threshold for seeing this paradoxical recovery effect in HR-proficient cells was not reached. One of the mechanisms of cell killing in HRD cells is enhanced parthanatos, which higher doses of TZ will prevent, particularly in conjunction with IR. The implication of this work is that the optimal combination of radiotherapy with PARP-inhibitor may not be the maximum tolerated dose, but rather a tuned level of the combination to maximize radiosensitization without exceeding the threshold for PARP-inhibitor mediated protection of cell death. It is already observed that the maximum tolerated dose of PARP-inhibitor in the setting of curative doses of IR have to be modified by 3-10-fold. Further optimization of the combination dosing to achieve the maximal therapeutic ratio will be discussed including the development of biomarkers to achieve this goal. Additional radiation combinations with synthetic lethal targets of HRD will be discussed. Citation Format: Simon N. Powell, Niamh McDermott, Robert Delsite. Targeting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) using optimized ionizing radiation and drug combinations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: DNA Damage Repair: From Basic Science to Future Clinical Application; 2024 Jan 9-11; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA008.

Optimising first-line subtyping-based therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (FUTURE-SUPER): a multi-cohort, randomised, phase 2 trial

Triple-negative breast cancers display heterogeneity in molecular drivers and immune traits. We previously classified triple-negative breast cancers into four subtypes: luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory, basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS), and mesenchymal-like (MES). Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subtyping-based therapy in the first-line treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. FUTURE-SUPER is an ongoing, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial being conducted at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai, China. Eligible participants were females aged 18-70 years, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and histologically confirmed, untreated metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer. After categorising participants into five cohorts according to molecular subtype and genomic biomarkers, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) with a block size of 4, stratified by subtype, to receive, in 28-day cycles, nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2, intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15) alone (control group) or with a subtyping-based regimen (subtyping-based group): pyrotinib (400 mg orally daily) for the LAR-HER2mut subtype, everolimus (10 mg orally daily) for the LAR-PI3K/AKTmut and MES-PI3K/AKTmut subtypes, camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously on days 1 and 15) and famitinib (20 mg orally daily) for the immunomodulatory subtype, and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 15) for the BLIS/MES-PI3K/AKTWT subtype. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival for the pooled subtyping-based group versus the control group in the intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned participants). Safety was analysed in all patients with safety records who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04395989). Between July 28, 2020, and Oct 16, 2022, 139 female participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the subtyping-based group (n=69) or control group (n=70). At the data cutoff (May 31, 2023), the median follow-up was 22·5 months (IQR 15·2-29·0). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the pooled subtyping-based group (11·3 months [95% CI 8·6-15·2]) than in the control group (5·8 months [4·0-6·7]; hazard ratio 0·44 [95% CI 0·30-0·65]; p<0·0001). The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (21 [30%] of 69 in the pooled subtyping-based group vs 16 [23%] of 70 in the control group), anaemia (five [7%] vs none), and increased alanine aminotransferase (four [6%] vs one [1%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported for seven (10%) of 69 patients in the subtyping-based group and none in the control group. No treatment-related deaths were reported in either group. These findings highlight the potential clinical benefits of using molecular subtype-based treatment optimisation in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting a path for further clinical investigation. Phase 3 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy of subtyping-based regimens are now underway. National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, and Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Ferroptosis Inducers Upregulate PD-L1 in Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

(1) Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a distinct subgroup of breast cancer presenting a high level of recurrence, and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial in its therapy management. Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy improves the effect of neo-adjuvant therapy in TNBC. (2) Methods: Immune-modulation and ferroptosis-related R-packages were developed for integrative omics analyses under ferroptosis-inducer treatments: TNBC cells stimulated with ferroptosis inducers (GSE173905, GSE154425), single cell data (GSE191246) and mass spectrometry on breast cancer stem cells. Clinical association analyses were carried out with breast tumors (TCGA and METABRIC cohorts). Protein-level validation was investigated through protein atlas proteome experiments. (3) Results: Erastin/RSL3 ferroptosis inducers upregulate CD274 in TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and HCC38). In breast cancer, CD274 expression is associated with overall survival. Breast tumors presenting high expression of CD274 upregulated some ferroptosis drivers associated with prognosis: IDO1, IFNG and TNFAIP3. At the protein level, the induction of Cd274 and Tnfaip3 was confirmed in breast cancer stem cells under salinomycin treatment. In a 4T1 tumor treated with cyclophosphamide, the single cell expression of Cd274 was found to increase both in myeloid- and lymphoid-infiltrated cells, independently of its receptor Pdcd1. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score computed on a breast tumor transcriptome stratified patients on their prognosis: low score was observed in the basal subgroup, with a higher level of recurrent risk scores (oncotypeDx, ggi and gene70 scores). In the METABRIC cohort, CD274, IDO1, IFNG and TNFAIP3 were found to be overexpressed in the TNBC subgroup. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score was found to be associated with overall survival, independently of TNM classification and age diagnosis. The tumor expression of CD274, TNFAIP3, IFNG and IDO1, in a biopsy of breast ductal carcinoma, was confirmed at the protein level (4) Conclusions: Ferroptosis inducers upregulate PD-L1 in TNBC cells, known to be an effective target of immunotherapy in high-risk early TNBC patients who received neo-adjuvant therapy. Basal and TNBC tumors highly expressed CD274 and ferroptosis drivers: IFNG, TNFAIP3 and IDO1. The CD274 ferroptosis-driver score is associated with prognosis and to the risk of recurrence in breast cancer. A potential synergy of ferroptosis inducers with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy is suggested for recurrent TNBC.

Adjuvant Auger Electron-Emitting Radioimmunotherapy with [111In]In-DOTA-Panitumumab in a Mouse Model of Local Recurrence and Metastatic Progression of Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high risk for recurrence and metastasis. We studied the effectiveness of Auger electron (AE) radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) panitumumab conjugated with DOTA complexed to 111In ([111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab) for preventing metastatic progression after local treatment of 231/LM2-4 Luc+ human TNBC tumors in the mammary fat pad of NRG mice. Prior to RIT, the primary tumor was resected, and tumor margins were treated with X-irradiation (XRT; 5 days × 6 Gy/d). RIT was administered 1 day post-XRT by intravenous injection of 26 MBq (15 μg) or 2 × 10 MBq (15 μg each) separated by 7 d. These treatments were compared to tumor resection with or without XRT combined with DOTA-panitumumab (15 μg) or irrelevant [111In]In-DOTA-IgG2 (24 MBq; 15 μg), and efficacy was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The effect of [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab (23 MBq; 15 μg) after tumor resection without local XRT was also studied. Tumor resection followed by XRT and RIT with 26 MBq [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab significantly increased the median survival to 35 d compared to tumor resection with or without XRT (23-24 d; P < 0.0001). Local treatment with tumor resection and XRT followed by 2 × 10 MBq of [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab, DOTA-panitumumab, or [111In]In-DOTA-IgG2 did not significantly improve median survival (26 days for all treatments). RIT alone with [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab postresection of the tumor without XRT increased median survival to 29 days, though this was not significant. Despite significantly improved survival in mice treated with tumor resection, XRT, and RIT with [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab, all mice eventually succumbed to advanced metastatic disease by 45 d post-tumor resection. SPECT/CT with [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab, PET/MRI with [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2, and PET/CT with [18F]FDG were used to detect recurrent and metastatic disease. Uptake of [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab at 4 d p.i. in the MFP tumor was 26.8 ± 9.7% ID/g and in metastatic lymph nodes (LN), lungs, and liver was 34.2 ± 26.9% ID/g, 17.5 ± 6.0% ID/g, and 9.4 ± 2.4%ID/g, respectively, while uptake in the lungs (6.0 ± 0.9% ID/g) and liver (5.2 ± 2.9% ID/g) of non-tumor-bearing NRG was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Radiation-absorbed doses in metastatic LN, lungs, and liver were 9.7 ± 6.1, 6.4 ± 2.1, and 10.9 ± 2.7 Gy, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that RIT with [111In]In-DOTA-panitumumab combined with tumor resection and XRT significantly improved the survival of mice with recurrent TNBC. However, the aggressive nature of 231/LM2-4 Luc+ tumors in NRG mice may have contributed to the tumor recurrence and progression observed.

Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals High Mutational Concordance between Primary and Matched Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecularly complex and heterogeneous breast cancer subtype with distinct biological features and clinical behavior. Although TNBC is associated with an increased risk of metastasis and recurrence, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNBC metastasis remain unclear. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of primary TNBC and paired recurrent tumors to investigate the genetic profile of TNBC. Genomic DNA extracted from 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 26 TNBC patients was subjected to WES. Of these, 15 were primary tumors that did not have recurrence, and 11 were primary tumors that had recurrence (nine paired primary and recurrent tumors). Tumors were analyzed for single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions. The tumor mutational burden (TMB) was 7.6 variants/megabase in primary tumors that recurred (n = 9); 8.2 variants/megabase in corresponding recurrent tumors (n = 9); and 7.3 variants/megabase in primary tumors that did not recur (n = 15). MUC3A was the most frequently mutated gene in all groups. Mutations in MAP3K1 and MUC16 were more common in our dataset. No alterations in PI3KCA were detected in our dataset. We found similar mutational profiles between primary and paired recurrent tumors, suggesting that genomic features may be retained during local recurrence.

TROPION-Breast02: Datopotamab deruxtecan for locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Despite recent treatment advances, the prognosis for patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor. The antibody-drug conjugate datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is composed of a humanized anti-TROP2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody linked to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a stable, cleavable linker. The phase III TROPION-Breast02 trial in patients previously untreated for locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC, who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is evaluating efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd versus investigator's choice of chemotherapy (ICC). Approximately 600 patients will be randomized 1:1 to Dato-DXd 6mg/kg iv. every 3weeks or ICC (paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, carboplatin, capecitabine or eribulin mesylate). Dual primary end points are progression-free survival by blinded independent central review and overall survival.

EE84 Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab Plus Nab-paclitaxel in Previously Untreated Locally Recurrent Inoperable or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Whose Tumors Expressed Pd-L1 (CPS ≥10) in Colombia

The KEYNOTE-355 trial showed that programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab, in the combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 population and combined with chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel or gemcitabine), improves survival over placebo + chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC. Based on those findings, pembrolizumab was approved in Colombia for that population. Likewise, atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel (A+NP), is another treatment option available for 1L metastatic TNBC. This study evaluated cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab + nab-paclitaxel versus A+NP in CPS ≥10 population from a third payer perspective in Colombia.

The overall survival analysis of FUTURE-C-PLUS: Combination of famitinib with camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for advanced, immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer—An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

1086 Background: Camrelizumab and nab-paclitaxel demonstrated promising anti-tumour activity in refractory metastatic immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in FUTURE trial. Anti-angiogenic agents have been reported to facilitate immune infiltration. Famitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR-2, PDGFR and c-kit. The FUTURE-C-PLUS trial (NCT04129996) which added famitinib to camrelizumab and nab-paclitaxel is a single-arm, phase 2 trial evaluating this novel triplet combinatorial strategy in patients with advanced immunomodulatory TNBC. Study design and the primary endpoint ORR has been reported previously (Zhi-ming Shao, et al. ASCO 2021, Abstract 1007). The final PFS data had been published in Clinical Cancer Research (Clin Cancer Res 2022;28:2807–17). Here, we reported the final overall survival of this trial. Methods: Briefly, this study enrolled women aged 18-70 years, with previously untreated, histologically confirmed, unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic immunomodulatory TNBC. Immunomodulatory TNBC was defined as CD8 expression on at least 10% of cells using immunohistochemistry analysis. Eligible patients received the triple therapy. Results: Forty-eight patients were enrolled and treated between Oct 2019 and Oct 2020. The median follow-up was 33.1 months (range, 31.8–34.4). 39 (81.3%, 95% CI 70.2-92.3) patients had a confirmed objective response which has been reported in ASCO 2021. At this updating data cutoff (Feb 1, 2023), the median progression-free survival was 13.6 months (95% CI, 8.4-18.8). While overall survival was 29.4 months (95% CI, 23.3-35.5). The disease control rate was 95.8% (46/48). The most common treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (16 [33.3%]), anemia (5 [10.4%]), febrile neutropenia (5 [10.4%]), and thrombocytopenia (4 [8.3%]). No new safety concerns were detected. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Conclusions: These data, combined with those from our previous reports, provide further evidence for the triplet combination of famitinib, camrelizumab and nab-paclitaxel as an active therapy in advanced Immunomodulatory TNBC. To our knowledge, this is the best overall survival reached in first-line treatment of advanced TNBC. A randomized controlled FUTURE-Super trial is ongoing to further validate these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT04129996 .

Successful Retreatment of Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy.

The efficacy of retreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) remains unknown. We report a case of a patient with recurrent triple-negative breast cancer who was successfully treated with two different ICIs in combination with chemotherapy. A 60-year-old female patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin + cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by docetaxel (DTX). The tumor shrank with EC, but progressed with DTX. One year after the surgery, the patient presented with multiple lung metastases. The patient received combination therapy with atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel and achieved a partial response (PR). However, the disease progressed after 6 months. She received eribulin as second-line chemotherapy for 4.5 months, and her treatment was changed to pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and gemcitabine as third-line chemotherapy. The tumor immediately reduced and disappeared after three cycles of this treatment and achieved PR. This case illustrated that retreatment with ICIs was effective.

Abstract OT1-03-05: TROPION-Breast02: Phase 3, open-label, randomized study of first-line datopotamab deruxtecan versus chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC who are not candidates for anti-PD-(L)1 therapy

Abstract Introduction: Despite recent treatment advances, the prognosis for patients diagnosed with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor. Single-agent chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment for metastatic TNBC for many years, with very limited treatment options for patients who are not candidates for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy; consequently, there remains an urgent unmet need. Trophoblast cell surface protein 2 (TROP2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed on various solid tumors, including breast. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized anti-TROP2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody covalently linked to an exatecan derivative (DXd) – a highly potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload – via a stable, tumor-selective, tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. Dato-DXd has previously been evaluated in TROPION-PanTumor01 (NCT03401385) – an ongoing Phase I clinical trial across multiple advanced solid tumors, including heavily-pretreated, metastatic TNBC. As of the July 30, 2021 cut-off date, the objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review (BICR) was 34% (15/44) in all patients with TNBC and 52% (14/27) in those patients treatment-naïve to topoisomerase I inhibitor-based ADC therapies, with measurable disease (per RECIST 1.1) at baseline. Furthermore, a manageable safety profile was reported, with no new safety signals identified; low grade nausea and stomatitis were most frequent, with neutropenia and diarrhea being uncommon. The aim of the phase 3 TROPION-Breast02 trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd versus investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (ICC) in patients with TNBC who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Methods: TROPION-Breast02 (NCT05374512) is an ongoing Phase 3, open-label, randomized study of Dato-DXd versus ICC in first-line treatment of patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC. Approximately 600 patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either Dato-DXd 6 mg/kg IV every three weeks or ICC (paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, carboplatin, capecitabine, or eribulin mesylate). Patients ≥18 years with histologically/cytologically confirmed TNBC who have not received prior chemotherapy or targeted systemic therapy for metastatic or locally recurrent inoperable disease are eligible for inclusion. Patients are also required to have an ECOG PS of 0 or 1 and be eligible for treatment with one of the ICC options per investigator assessment. Patients must have ≥1 measurable lesion per RECIST v1.1 not previously irradiated, along with a formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor sample available. Those with a previously treated neoplastic spinal cord compression or clinically inactive brain metastases can be included. Key exclusion criteria are history of another primary malignancy; persistent toxicity from previous anti-cancer treatments; uncontrolled infections; current/prior interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis or clinically severe pulmonary function compromise; clinically significant corneal disease; and prior treatment with topoisomerase I inhibitors, TROP2-targeted therapy, or the same chemotherapy agent chosen for on-study ICC. The dual primary endpoints are progression free survival (PFS) per RECIST 1.1 by BICR, and OS. Secondary endpoints include ORR, duration of response, PFS by investigator assessment, time to deterioration for patient-reported outcomes, time to first subsequent therapy, time to second subsequent therapy, time to second progression or death, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of Dato-DXd, and safety. Recruitment for this study is ongoing as of June 2022. Citation Format: Rebecca Dent, David W. Cescon, Thomas Bachelot, Kyung Hae Jung, Zhi-Ming Shao, Shigehira Saji, Tiffany A. Traina, Petra Vuković, Darlington Mapiye, Micah Maxwell, Peter Schmid, Javier Cortés. TROPION-Breast02: Phase 3, open-label, randomized study of first-line datopotamab deruxtecan versus chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC who are not candidates for anti-PD-(L)1 therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-03-05.

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)

&#x0D; CADTH recommends that Keytruda be reimbursed by public drug plans, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have not received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease and whose tumours express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD‐L1) (combined positive score [CPS] ≥ 10) as determined by a validated test if certain conditions are met.&#x0D; Keytruda should only be covered for adult patients with centrally confirmed TNBC who have PD-L1–positive tumours (CPS ≥ 10), have not received treatment for locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC, and are in relatively good health (i.e., have a good performance status, as determined by a specialist). Patients with unstable central nervous system (CNS) metastases or those who have clinical contraindications to immunotherapy are not eligible for reimbursement.&#x0D; Keytruda should only be reimbursed if prescribed in combination with chemotherapy and given by a clinician who is experienced in treating breast cancer and the cost of Keytruda is reduced.&#x0D;

Real-World Survival and Treatment Regimens Across First- to Third-Line Treatment for Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival. Currently, the literature lacks comprehensive real-world evidence on locally recurrent and mTNBC patients. To validate the optimal treatment for patients with mTNBC, real-world evidence in combination with data from clinical trials must be evaluated as complementary. The objective of the study is to examine outcomes and treatment patterns of patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) utilizing real-world data of patients from all oncology sites across Denmark. This is a retrospective, non-interventional, multi-site, population-based observational study conducted across all oncology departments in Denmark. We included all women diagnosed with metastatic or locally recurrent TNBC from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, using the national Danish Breast Cancer Group database. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the first to third treatment line. The study included 243 women diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent TNBC. The median OS (mOS) was 11.6 months after the first line of treatment, 6.5 months after the second line, and 6.5 months after the third line. De novo mTNBC was associated with shorter OS (mOS: 8.3 vs 14.2 months), and those with a relapse within 18 months of primary diagnosis had shorter OS than those with a relapse after 18 months (mOS: 10.0 vs 18.2). In the first line, taxane was the preferred choice of treatment for patients with de novo mTNBC, whereas capecitabine was preferred for patients with recurrent TNBC. This real-world, nationwide study demonstrated poor OS among patients with metastatic or recurrent TNBC, with a mOS of 11.6 months (95% CI, 9.9-17.3). Patients who presented with de novo mTNBC or who had a relapse of their breast cancer within 18 months of primary diagnosis had shorter OS. The study was registered and approved by the Danish Capital Regions research overview (P-2021-605).

74P The safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of sitravatinib plus tislelizumab in patients (pts) with locally recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): A multi-cohort, phase II trial

This is a multi-cohort, phase II trial to evaluate the safety and preliminary antitumor activity of 70 mg (cohort A) or 100 mg (cohort B) sitravatinib QD plus tislelizumab in pts with locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC, and their combination with nab-paclitaxel in untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC pts (cohort C). The preliminary result of cohort A has been reported with ORR of 38.1% (Lei Fan. JCO 2022 40:16_suppl). This analysis aims to report the updated analysis in cohort A and the interim results in cohort B.