Design Of Rectifier Research Articles

A Novel IGBT-Based Silicone Carbide Rectifier Design for Improved Energy Efficiency in Telco Data Centers

This study presents a novel topology designed to enhance the energy efficiency and quality of IGBT-based high-frequency rectifiers, which are commonly used to supply the high DC power required in industrial applications. In the proposed design, traditional silicon semiconductors are replaced with advanced SiC semiconductors, resulting in reduced switching losses and improved energy quality due to higher frequency switching. The new topology also offers solutions to challenges such as inrush current, reverse energy flow, and high DC output voltage issues typically encountered in IGBT-based rectifiers. The goal is for this topology to maximize efficiency and applicability. The proposed design is simulated in the Simulink environment, with the results presented in the findings section. To highlight the advantages of the new topology, the electrical parameters of the widely used three-phase full-bridge IGBT rectifier topology are employed for comparison.

Efficiency Design of a Single-Phase Bidirectional Rectifier for Home Energy Management Systems

This paper examines the current state of Home Energy Management Systems (HEMSs), highlighting the key role of the single-phase bidirectional rectifier (SPBR). It provides a detailed design process for the converter used in HEMSs, with a particular focus on the bidirectional charge and discharge of high-voltage batteries. The converter’s operating conditions were determined through a comprehensive evaluation of its components, which were designed and assessed to enable accurate power loss calculations. This approach ensures proper component sizing and a clear understanding of the converter’s efficiency. A specialized electronic control circuit manages two operating modes of the converter: a boost rectifier with power factor correction (PFC) and a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverter. To validate the design, a 7.4 kW prototype was developed using silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). The prototype achieved a peak efficiency of nearly 98% in both modes, with a unity power factor (PF) and total harmonic distortion (THD) below 7% at full power.

Design of Compact and Low-Complexity Harmonic-Controlled Dual-Band Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer

Design of Compact and Low-Complexity Harmonic-Controlled Dual-Band Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer

Analysis and Modeling of Four-Quadrant PWM Rectifier

Different from the traditional AC/DC converters, the four-quadrant converters are widely used in modern AC power transmission systems because of their advantages such as two-way flow of energy, adjustable power factor on the grid side, and stable voltage on the DC side [1]. In this paper, the mathematical model of four-quadrant PWM rectifier is presented, and on this basis, the constant-frequency double closed-loop control strategy is adopted to control the DC voltage and the power factor of the grid side. The determination method of voltage and current PI regulator parameters is analyzed, and the influence of ac side inductance and DC side capacitance on the whole system is pointed out, and the design method is given. Through the establishment of simulation model under MATLAB/ Simulink, it is proved that this model can realize the DC voltage and power factor control at the side of the network, has a good load regulation ability, and can switch between the rectifier mode and the inverter mode, realizing the two-way flow of energy. This paper has some guiding effect on the design of four-quadrant PWM rectifier.

Dual-Port Six-Band Rectenna with Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency at Ultra-Low Input Power.

In this paper, a novel topology and method for designing a multi-band rectenna is proposed to improve its RF-DC efficiency. The rectifier achieves simultaneous rectification using both series and parallel configurations by connecting two branches to the respective terminals of the diode, directing the energy input from two ports to the anode and cathode of the diode. Six desired operating frequency bands are evenly distributed across these two branches, each of which is connected to antennas corresponding to their specific operating frequencies, serving as the receiving end of the system. To optimize the design process, a low-pass filter is incorporated into the rectifier design. This filter works in conjunction with a matching network that includes filtering capabilities to isolate the two ports of the rectifier. The addition of the filter ensures that each structure within the rectifier can be designed independently without adversely affecting the performance of the already completed structures. Based on the proposed design methodology, a dual-port rectenna operating at six frequency bands-1.85 GHz, 2.25 GHz, 2.6 GHz, 3.52 GHz, 5.01 GHz, and 5.89 GHz-was designed, covering the 4G, 5G, and Wi-Fi/WLAN frequency bands. The measured results indicate that high-power conversion efficiency was achieved at an input power of -10 dBm: 43.01% @ 1.85 GHz, 41.00% @ 2.25 GHz, 41.33% @ 2.6 GHz, 35.88% @ 3.52 GHz, 22.36% @ 5.01 GHz, and 19.27% @ 5.89 GHz. When the input power is -20 dBm, the conversion efficiency of the rectenna can be improved from 5.2% for single-tone input to 27.7% for six-tone input, representing a 22.5 percentage point improvement. The proposed rectenna demonstrates significant potential for applications in powering low-power sensors and other devices within the Internet of Everything context.

Low power RF rectifiers based on class-E/F2 architecture for energy harvesting applications

This article introduces a new low-power Class-E/F2 shunt rectifier and voltage doubler (VD) for energy harvesting (EH) applications, employing RO4003C substrate. These circuits achieve high efficiency and produce a substantial DC voltage. The proposed designs are suitable for LTE, IoT, WSN, GSM 900, and low-power EH systems. The innovative designs are depending on a Class-E/F2 circuit structure, which combines Class-E and inverse Class-F configurations with a second harmonic resonance circuit. This configuration effectively eliminates the second harmonic current component by employing a λ/8 transmission line (TL) linked to the anode terminal of the diode. At low values of input power (Pin), the voltage and efficiency-boosting are achieved by designing two coupling transmission lines (CTLs). The proposed rectifier and voltage doubler circuits include a DC-pass filter designed to eliminate high-frequency components. The rectifier and VD circuits are manufactured using the HSMS-285x series Schottky diodes. When a radio input power (Pin) is equal to −10 dBm, the rectifier and VD circuits demonstrate experimental conversion efficiencies larger than 40 %. The DC voltage is 0.6 V at both 650 MHz and 900 MHz, with terminal resistances (RL) of 4.3 kΩ and 8 kΩ for rectifier and VD, respectively. The rectifier design achieves a maximum measured efficiency equal to 50 %, maintaining a constant DC-voltage equal to 1.7 V atRL = 4.3 kΩ and 900 MHz. Additionally, the proposed VD demonstrates a peak experimental efficiency equal to 57 %, with a constant DC-voltage equal to 3.2 V at Pin=0dBm and RL=8KΩ, operating in two bands of 650 MHz and 900 MHz. It also achieves a measured efficiency equal to 45 % at Pin=-10dBm. Finally, the PCB sizes of the suggested rectifier and VD are 3 cm2 and 3.37 cm2, respectively.

Loss-less passive polarization rectifier design with minimal etendue and size increase

We describe an approach allowing the passive rectification of the polarization of light with approximately the same beam size, minimal increase of the etendue of the beam and with negligible reduction of its power. This is done for arbitrary (including chaotic) input polarization states and without their prior identification. The tradeoff is the partial increase of the angular spectrum of light. Theoretical estimations are provided along with some preliminary experimental results describing the possible use of this approach with large diameter beams as well as in optical fibers.

Control-inspired design and power optimization of an active mechanical motion rectifier based power takeoff for wave energy converters

Ocean waves have high energy density and are persistent and predictable. Yet, converting wave energy to a useable form remains challenging. A significant hurdle is the oscillatory nature of waves resulting in the alternating loads, which necessitate the use of rectification at some stage of the energy conversion. This research effort presents a novel design of active mechanical motion rectifier (AMMR) for the power takeoff (PTO), which provides enhanced controllability and better power performance when compared to passive mechanical motion rectifiers (MMR). Inspired by transistors used in synchronous electrical rectifiers, the proposed design uses controllable electromagnetic clutches in the mechanical transmission to allow active engagement-disengagement control; thus, rectifying the oscillatory motion into a unidirectional rotation for high energy conversion efficiency and allowing the generator in unidirectional rotation to control the bidirectional wave capture structure for maximizing the power output. A semi-analytical computational approach is developed to efficiently evaluate the optimal power achieved using the proposed AMMR-based PTO and active control. It is found that the AMMR-based PTO design yields a higher optimal power than the previous passive MMR design across the wave spectrum. The influences of generator inertia and reactive power are discussed. The effects of control parameters on the power output and the optimal trajectories are analyzed. Wave tank tests with the AMMR prototype demonstrated the effectiveness of AMMR based PTO design and validated the numerical analysis.

Analysis and Design of Configurable Rectifier With Compensated Near-Zero Impedance Angle for Megahertz Wireless Power Transfer

Adapting to wide load range variations is always one of the main goals pursued by megahertz (MHz) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. For this, the nonlinear phenomenon of the rectifier has become a problem that must be solved. Compared with the method of optimizing the efficiency around the maximum power point in the traditional design, this paper proposes a global load optimization method. Meanwhile, a novel configurable compensated near-zero impedance angle rectifier (NIAR) is proposed to take full advantage of the global optimization method. The NIAR not only realizes the compression of a wide range of impedance angles, but also solves the classic problems of Class E rectifiers such as large stress, voltage asymmetry, and low real part of input impedance. The configurable design allows the system to adjust the rectifier unit according to the output index, thereby fully improving the coil efficiency, and providing a solution for the application of high-voltage and high-power MHz WPT systems in the future. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed NIAR and design method, a 60 W prototype was built, and a traditional full-wave rectifier was used for comparison. The results show that the proposed NIAR system exhibits better characteristics in terms of system efficiency, voltage stress, and symmetry.

Optimized Design of New 24-pulse Rectifier

Compared with the conventional 24-pulse rectifier, the low-voltage winding of the rectifier transformer must be connected in the y and d modes, so that the voltage phase of the low-voltage side of the transformer is separated by 30° in sequence. This paper uses the phasor method to obtain a set of phase voltages that move towards 15° through the equivalent of three-phase voltages, so that the two sets of voltages produce a phase difference. Then, through decoupling and voltage reduction, the electrical quantity is converted into a signal quantity, the voltage level is reduced, and then the electrical quantity output is obtained to obtain the required voltage value. Finally, the required DC power is obtained through the rectification system. The effectiveness of the reverse model of this paper is verified by comparing the results and efficiency with the conventional 24-pulse rectifier.

Anisotropic flow physics in diamond microchannels: Design implications for microfluidic rectifiers handling Newtonian fluids

The study explores anisotropic flow behavior in microchannels, which is crucial for advancing microfluidic rectifiers. Specifically, the investigation focuses on the directional flow behavior of Newtonian fluids within diamond-shaped microchannels, a topology holding significant promise across various disciplines. Unlike non-Newtonian fluids, Newtonian fluids lack inherent directional traits, needing high Reynolds numbers for inertial effects necessary for effective rectification in asymmetric flow structures. High Reynolds numbers in microchannels are challenging, but diamond microchannels uniquely exhibit inertial effects even at low Reynolds numbers, yet their potential for designing rectifiers is largely unexplored. The study presents two unique asymmetric diamond microchannel designs and conducts thorough three-dimensional numerical analyses to assess fluid flow across different design parameters. Rectification is quantified through fluid diodicity, demonstrating that configurations with higher width and aspect ratios and shorter lengths produce significant rectification effects. Examining velocity profiles and flow resistances in both directions illustrates irreversible flow physics. Notably, the observed maximum diodicity for the proposed design reaches 1.61 for Newtonian fluids, surpassing most previous designs by 11%–40%. Quantitative relationships between flow resistances in both directions and design variables through regression analysis allow determining flow resistances within ±8% and fluid diodicity within ±7% and ±10%, respectively, based on constant flow rate and pressure drop. These correlations provide valuable insights for the initial design of microfluidic rectifiers using these configurations. The results offer essential guidance for effectively designing microfluidic rectifiers using diamond microchannels in various scientific applications.

Design of a PFC rectifier with fast start up response and low input current distortion

For a PFC rectifier, normally designing of the PI compensator is based on the frequency domain model which is derived from the dynamic model of the rectifier, so it cannot guarantee a fast start up response. As the high input current quality and fast start up response are conflicting objectives and with improving one of them, another is degraded, for designing a PI controller which can provide both of them, a Multi-Objective optimization approach can be implemented. In this paper, for the first time, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm which is based on Pareto Optimality concept is used to gain a fast start up response as well as low input current distortion. In order to validate the proposed PI controller, simulation results are presented.

Design and simulation of high performance β-Ga2O3 super barrier rectifier with a current blocking layer

In this work, a β-Ga2O3 super barrier rectifier with a current blocking layer (CSBR) is proposed. Its static characteristics, dynamic characteristics and surge capability are investigated by TCAD simulation. The Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) can reach 1.62 GW cm−2 with the on-resistance of 3.68 mΩ cm−2 and the breakdown voltage of 2447 V, exhibiting excellent performance. Foremost, the turn-on and turn-off of the device is controlled by metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure. The reverse recovery time is 11.2 ns, which is compatible with that of a Schottky diode. Simulation results show that the dimensions of the cells and the proportion of the ohmic contact region in the cells are the key parameters affecting the reverse recovery time. In addition, the CSBR with double-side cooling configuration demonstrates high surge capability. It can sustain a peak surge current density of 5000 A cm−2, which is more than 10 times its forward current (V Forward = 3.0 V). Overall, the proposed structure has a high BFOM, excellent reverse characteristics and high reliability, demonstrating its potential in high voltage applications. Moreover, CSBR can be embedded into Ga2O3-MOSFET as a free-wheeling diode.

A 5-kW unidirectional wireless power transfer EV charger with a novel multi-level PFC boost converter on front-end side

The greatest advantages of wireless power transfer (WPT) are its absence of severe environmental hazards, its portability, and its independence from other factors. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles has a serious problem with the amount of misalignment it can tolerate. This study explores the usage of a novel multi-level boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier with less switch count to improve the efficiency of power conversion of a 5-kW wireless electric vehicle (EV) charger. Especially in the context of wireless charging, which provides convenience and flexibility, there is a pressing need for efficient and dependable charging infrastructure to keep up with the rising demand for electric vehicles. In contrast to wired EV chargers, wireless chargers often have poorer power conversion efficiency because of losses in power semiconductor devices. An innovative multi-level boost PFC rectifier design is offered as a solution to this problem since it uses fewer switches while retaining high-performance levels. The suggested rectifier achieves much higher power conversion efficiency. In addition, power factor correction capabilities are improved, making it comply with global rules. Simpler, cheaper, and more dependable rectifiers improve the whole system.

Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier with an Active DC bus

Analysis and Design of a Single-Phase Half-Bridge Rectifier with an Active DC bus

A Compact and High-Efficiency Design of Triple-Band Rectifier With Harmonic Suppression for Wireless Power Transfer

A Compact and High-Efficiency Design of Triple-Band Rectifier With Harmonic Suppression for Wireless Power Transfer

A Novel and Compact Design of High-Efficiency Broadband Rectifier for Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer

A Novel and Compact Design of High-Efficiency Broadband Rectifier for Energy Harvesting and Wireless Power Transfer

Prediction of high thermal rectification behavior in carbon/C3N heteronanotubes based on nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.

Carbon/C3N heteronanotubes (CC3NNTs) have garnered significant interest for their distinctive performance and versatility across various applications. However, the understanding of interfacial heat transport within these heterostructures remains limited. This study aims to enrich the field by constructing models of CC3NNTs through the bonding of CNTs and C3NNTs, and employs nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations to predict their heat flux and thermal rectification (TR) effects. Placing the heat source in the CNT region induces a stronger heat flux compared to the C3NNT region, thus demonstrating a pronounced TR effect. This effect can be attributed to the mismatch in phonon spectra, as evidenced by the cumulative correlation factor derived from the phonon density of states (phonon DOS). Using this approach, we predict that the TR ratio for zigzag CC3NNTs (ZCC3NNT) significantly exceeds that of armchair CC3NNTs (ACC3NNT). Notably, in contrast to ACC3NNT, ZCC3NNT exhibits the phenomenon of negative differential thermal resistance in the backward heat flux with a temperature difference of Δ = 120 K. This phenomenon can be attributed to a lower phonon participation ratio at Δ = 120 K compared to other values of Δ. Subsequently, given that ZCC3NNT demonstrates the most pronounced TR ratio at room temperature, we explored how stress-strain, system size, defect density, and interface position impact the TR ratio. These insights are invaluable for guiding the design of thermal rectifiers, smart thermal management systems, and microelectronic processor coolers.

Analysis and Design of an Active Rectifier for Wireless Power Transfer in 90 nm CMOS Technology

In this paper, an analysis and design of a new active rectifier used for wireless power transfer applications using 90 nm CMOS technology are presented. The proposed architecture of the active rectifier has mainly been chosen to improve the VCE and the PCE and also to eliminate the need for large on-chip capacitors. The proposed circuits eliminate the drop needed for conduction by replacing diode-connected nMOS devices with others controlled by an active circuit. The new architecture of the active rectifier has been designed, simulated, and laid out by Cadence Virtuoso using TSMC 90nm technology. The input range is 0–5 V, and the output voltage is 2.14 V, with the VCE and the PCE values of 82.9% and 86.2%, respectively. The layout utilizes a compact space of 0.0597 mm2 within the TSMC CMOS 90 nm technology.

The Stark Effect: A Tool for the Design of High-Performance Molecular Rectifiers.

Molecular electronic devices offer a path to the miniaturization of electronic circuits and could potentially facilitate novel functionalities that can be embedded into the molecular structure. Given their nanoscale dimensions, device properties are strongly influenced by quantum effects, yet many of these phenomena have been largely overlooked. We investigated the mechanism responsible for current rectification in molecular diodes and found that efficient rectification is achieved by enhancing the Stark effect strength and enabling a large number of molecules to participate in transport. These findings provided insights into the operation of molecular rectifiers and guided the development of high-performance devices via the design of molecules containing polarizable aromatic rings. Our results are consistent for different molecular structures and are expected to have broad applicability to all molecular devices by answering key questions related to charge transport mechanisms in such systems.