Rectangular Patch Antenna Array Research Articles

Planar Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array with Corporate-Feed Network for Gain Enhancement

Abstract: The design and performance analysis of a inset-fed planar rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with corporatefeed network systems is presented in this paper. This design aims to increase the gain of the rectangular patch antenna through the use of a 16-element planar rectangular antenna array. Each element in this planar array is fed by T-junction power divider networks with quarter-wave transformer lines via the corporate-feed method. The antenna is designed over the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz using the substrate material FR-4, which has a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.002. By the addition of radiating patches in the array design, the gain, directivity and bandwidth also has been improved significantly. The proposed antenna array provides a gain of 9.284 dB, a directivity of 16.2 dBi, and a bandwidth of 0.361 GHz. The designed antenna can be used for wireless applications.

Design of a 2*2 Microstrip Phased Array Antenna for Radar Applications

Micro-strips patch antennae used in array configurations are more beneficial than single antenna element by augmenting the directivity (dB) radiation pattern, and lowering the substrate's permittivity to overcome its drawbacks, which include poor gain, low efficiency, narrow bandwidth limited directivity. It also facilitates beam-steering capability which is obtained by enabling phase difference(β) between the antennas. Beam scanning capability is used in radar and GNSS technologies. This paper proposes a 2*2 microstrip phased array antenna by using rectangular microstrip patch antenna on an FR-4 dielectric substrate for beam scanning. The resonant frequency of the antenna is at 2.52GHz frequency with a good Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value of 1.1325. The design has been simulated in Ansys HFSS software. The simulation results exhibit antenna better performance of the proposed antenna compared to state-of-art designs present in the literature. The compactly designed Rectangular Micro-strip Patch Antenna array shows a low S-parameter (–24.127858 dB), high gain (13.689104 dB), directivity (14.055125 dB), and efficiency of 91.917%.

Design of proximity‐coupled antenna array for 5G communication

SummaryMicrostrip patch antennas (MPA) are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their ease of manufacture, low cost, and low profile. This work proposes a proximity‐coupled rectangular microstrip patch antenna array (PRMPA) adaptable for 5G applications. However, the existing research works suffered from low gain, low efficiency, and narrow bandwidth. In addition, 5G communications suffer from path loss in high‐frequency bands. For managing this issue, the large gain antenna is essential. Hence, this research aims to design and fabricate high‐gain compact 2 × 2 slotted PRMPA for 5G applications. The antenna design is simulated on HFSS and operates at 28–37 GHz. Here, the antenna parameters like length, width, and feed line parameters are optimized using a metaheuristic optimization like the mayfly optimizer (MFO). Further, a circular‐shaped metamaterial split‐ring resonator (SRR) reduces the mutual coupling. Then, Rogers RT5880 is used as substrate material, and the design operates at 34.5 GHz. The gain and radiation efficiency achieved by the proposed antenna design are 15.4 dB and 94.4% for the simulated outcomes.

Design and Performance Analysis of 28 GHz two-port MIMO Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for 5G Applications

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna array with two ports, designed for operation in the mm-wave band at 28 GHz for 5G applications, has been developed to exhibit superior gain and efficiency. This paper introduces a 12-element array activated by a feed network utilizing a T-junction power combiner/divider. The array elements consist of rectangular patch antennas inserted throughout the structure. The designed array antenna exhibited a measured impedance bandwidth of 1.42 GHz. The simulated findings indicate that the antenna achieved a favorable impedance match, with isolation levels below -22 dB throughout the frequency range. The whole substrate board dimensions were 19.99 × 26.968 × 0.254 mm3. The array is positioned on the substrate material known as Rogers RT5880, resulting in a consistent and reliable radiation pattern. The CST MWS software is employed to model and simulate the microstrip patch array antenna. CST MWS is an electromagnetic simulator utilizing the Finite Integration in Technique (FIT) methodology to model and analyze full-wave electromagnetic phenomena accurately. The realized gain of 15 dBi has been reached for the combined array, whereas the individual arrays have a realized gain of 12.3 dBi. The calculated overall efficiency is roughly -0.5 decibels. The antenna array under consideration has demonstrated favorable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities, as evidenced by an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.1.

Wide-Angle Scanning Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for mmWave Applications with High Gain

This paper presents a modified rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MRMPA) array conforming to the hemisphere for wide-angle beam scanning. Two different conformal antenna array designs are presented in this work. The first of these designs, a 13-element MRMPA array conformal to the surface of a circular arc, and the second one, a 9-element array conformal to the surface of a hemisphere, are designed and optimized. The geometrical approach of calculating the phase value is used to calculate the phase value of each antenna. The simulated results show that the 13-element conformal MRMPA array is achieving a beam scanning angle of ±84° with a gain of 13.89 dBi with low side lobe levels, and further, the gain of the array is enhanced by a dielectric superstrate that improved the gain by ∼2 dBi at all the scanning angles. Second, an MRMPA array conformal to a hemisphere with nine elements is designed with beam scanning ability from φ = 0°−360° and θ = ±30° with a gain of 15.69 dBi, and further, the gain is enhanced by ∼3 dBi with the dielectric superstrate. Full-wave simulations have proven both designs to be accurate and aligned with theoretical calculations.

Design and Simulation of Microstrip Antenna Array Operating at S-band for Wireless Communication System

In this article, different design configurations of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMSA) array operating at S-band frequency are presented. The substrate material utilized in the designs is Rogers-RT-5800 with dielectric permittivity (Ԑr= 2.2), thickness of (h=1.6 mm), and loss tangent of (δ = 0.009). The performances of a single element, (1×2), (2×2) and (1×4) array elements operating at (3.6 GHz) are investigated using the CST and HFSS numerical techniques. The simulation results indicates that the antenna gain of (8.68, 10.35, 10.43 and 10.52) dB, VSWR (1.045, 1.325, 1.095 and 1.945), return loss (-34.91, -17.15, -27.42 and -12.26) dB, and bandwidth (85.00, 200.00, 215 and 106.4) MHz are achieved with the implementation of HFSS for advanced single element, (1×2), (2×2) and (1×4) array elements, respectively. Besides, the corresponding antenna parameter values provided by CST are, gain (7.36, 9.8, 9.87 and 10.30) dB, VSWR (1.011, 1.304, 1.305 and 1.579), return loss (-44.97, -17.58, -17.55 and -14.01) dB, and bandwidth (92.28, 204, 229.49 and 129.12) MHz, respectively. The results also reveals that the higher gain and wider bandwidth are, respectively, achieved with (1×4) and (2×2) array configuration arrangement and with both simulation techniques. Additionally, a good agreement and an advancement between the obtained results with the ones previously studied for the same array types operating at S-band frequencies are also observed.

Microstrip Antenna Array Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Detection Radar

This work presents the design and realization of four linear arrays of microstrip rectangular patch antennas. This linear array is one of the elements of a passive radar using signals from 4G base stations for UAV detection. The arrays have been validated and operate from 2.62 GHz to 2.69 GHz, with a HPBW of 82° in H-plane and a maximal gain going from 11.1 dB to 12.2 dB in the required bandwidth, with a cosecant squared pattern in the E-plane.

Design of Microstrip Rectangular 8x1 Patch Array Antenna for WiMAX Application

In our daily lives, wireless communications are becoming increasingly significant. The antennas needed for these applications should be light weight, conveniently mountable, and have a broad bandwidth due to the rise in data rates and a tendency of tiny electronic devices for wireless digital applications. These requirements can be met by Microstrip Array Antennas. In this paper, the rectangular microstrip patch array antenna of frequency 2.5-3.5Ghz for WIMAX applications is designed in computer stimulation tool (CST). The antenna is fabricated using FR-4 Substrate material. The designed antenna’s performance is analysed in terms of voltage VSWR, s-parameters, radiation pattern, gain, directivity.

Effect of Progressive Phase Excitation on Tunability of Rectangular Patch Array Antenna Printed on Synthesized LiTiZn Ferrite

Effect of Progressive Phase Excitation on Tunability of Rectangular Patch Array Antenna Printed on Synthesized LiTiZn Ferrite

Design and simulation of dual-band rectangular microstrip patch array antenna for millimeter-wave

Microstrip array antennas are essentially for radar and communications systems. They are used to get a needed pattern that cannot be realized with a single element. This paper aims to design and simulate of rectangular microstrip patch array antenna 1 patch (1×1), 2 patches (1×2), and 4 patches (1×4) and improve the performance results. The proposed antenna is simulated by using electromagnetic simulation, computer software technology Microwave studio (CST) printed on Rogers RT5880 (lossy) substrate with dielectric constant 2.2, 0.0009 loss tangent, and thickness 0.1 mm. The simulation results show that the small patch antenna size (1.57 mm × 2 mm) for three designs works at dual bandwidth. The major target of this work is to accomplish an unusual directivity with improved gain for three antenna array designs.

Design and Analysis of a 35 GHz Rectenna System for Wireless Power Transfer to an Unmanned Air Vehicle

In this article, the concept of a 22-kW microwave-powered unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. Its system architecture is analyzed and modeled for wirelessly transferring microwave power to the flying UAVs. The microwave system transmitting power at a 35 GHz frequency was found to be suitable for low-cost and compact architectures. The size of the transmitting and receiving systems are optimized to 108 m2 and 90 m2, respectively. A linearly polarized 4 × 2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna array has been designed and simulated to obtain a high gain, high directivity, and high efficiency in order to satisfy the power transfer requirements. The numerically simulated gain, directivity, and efficiency of the proposed patch antenna array are 13.4 dBi, 14 dBi, and 85%, respectively. Finally, a rectifying system (rectenna) is optimized using the Agilent advanced design system (ADS) software as a microwave power receiving system. The proposed rectenna at the core of the system has an efficiency profile of more than 80% for an RF input power range of 9 to 18 dBm. Moreover, the RF-to-DC conversion efficiency and DC output voltage of the proposed rectenna are 80% and 3.5 V, respectively, for a 10 dBm input power at 35 GHz with a load of 1500 Ω.

Rectangular Patch Array Antenna with a Partial Ground

Rectangular Patch Array Antenna with a Partial Ground

Rectenna Design for Enhanced Node Lifetime in Energy Harvesting WSNs

In a scenario where every possible solution is investigated for sustainability, Energy Harvesting (EH) stands as an undisputed candidate for enhancing the network lifetime in WSNs where node lifetime decides the network’s life. Radio Frequency (RF) energy is abundantly available in the ambience among all the available energy sources. Since both information and power are transmitted in an RF signal, EH is possible in the far-field region. At first, we present a novel 4-element rectangular Patch Antenna Array (PAA) design of EH rectenna. The receiving antenna is designed to pick up the radio signal in the RF range (2.45 GHz) from the free space. Then, the H-shape antenna is modified by introducing a circular slot to enhance the bandwidth. The paper compares the results of the basic parameters of the antenna, such as return loss, input impedance, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and efficiency. As a result, the modified H-shaped antenna (with circular slot) has an increased gain from 8.24 dB to 8.32 dB, with a reduced return loss from -10 dB to -16 dB and enhanced bandwidth from 64.8 MHz to 868 MHz. The high gain, large bandwidth, suitably matched impedance for a minor return loss, and high efficiency of the modified H-shaped patch antenna makes it eligible for energy harvesting application.

Light-weight wideband antenna array with low sidelobes for SAR applications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to achieve the low-cost, light-weight and compact antenna array with wide bandwidth and low side lobe levels for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications in Ku frequency band.Design/methodology/approachA compact design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna array using multilayered dielectric structure is presented in Ku-band for advanced broadband SAR systems. In this design, stepped pins are used to connect the microstrip feed lines to the radiating patches.FindingsThe simulation and fabrication results of the multilayered antenna and a 1×16-element linear array of the antenna with Taylor amplitude distribution in the feeding network are presented. The antenna element has a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of more than 26%, and the linear array shows reduction in bandwidth percentage (about 15.4%). Thanks to Taylor amplitude tapering, the side lobe level (SLL) of the array is lower than −24 dB. The maximum measured gains of the antenna element and the linear array are 7 and 19.2 dBi at the center frequency, respectively.Originality/valueIn the communication systems, a high gain narrow beamwidth radiation pattern achieved by an array of multiple antenna elements with optimized spacing is a solution to overcome the path loss, atmospheric loss, polarization loss, etc. Also, wideband characteristics and compact size are desirable in satellite and SAR systems. This paper provides the combination of these features by microstrip structures.

Study on the limitations of Stacking Technique for Bandwidth Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antennas

Stacking of parasitic patch layers on rectangular micro strip patch antennas and its effect on the bandwidth and gain of the antenna are analyzed. For that two different frequencies 2.4 GHz and 11.5 GHz have been chosen from S band and X band respectively and stacking of patch layers have been done up to a certain limit assuming the minimum requirement of gain of 10 dB for S band antenna array and 12 dB for X band antenna array. So in both the cases, at first a 2x2 rectangular patch antenna arrays have been optimized to reach up to the gain requirement and then the stacking of parasitic layers have been done and results are checked and analyzed one by one.

Power density of rectangular microstrip patch antenna arrays for 5G indoor base station

The fifth-generation (5G) network has been broadly investigated by many researchers. The capabilities of 5G include massive system capacity, incredibly high data rates everywhere, very low latency and the most important point is that it is exceptionally low device cost and low energy consumption. A key technology of 5G is the millimeter wave operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands which enable massive MIMO and small cell base station densification. However, there has been public concern associated with human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from 5G communication devices. Hence, this paper studies the power density of a 5G antenna array that can be used for the indoor base station. The power density is the amount of power or signal strength absorbed by a receiver such as the human body located a distance from the base station. To achieve this, the design of array antennas using CST software at 28 GHz, fabrication and measurement were carried out in an indoor and hallway environment. The measurement processes were set up at IC5G at UTM Kuala Lumpur in which the distance of the transmitter to receiver where 1 m, 4 m, 8 m, and 10 m. In this study, the measured power density is found to be below the set limit by ICNIRP and hence no health implication is feared. Regardless, sufficient act of cautionary has to be applied by those staying close to small cell base stations and more studies are still needed to ensure the safety of use of 5G base stations.

Capacitively Coupled Microstrip Comb-Line Array Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This letter proposes a novel capacitively coupled microstrip comb-line (CCMCA) array antenna for millimeter-wave band applications. The proposed antenna has the advantages of low profile, low cost, and ease of fabrication for the millimeter-wave band. By adjusting the gaps between the radiating strips and feeding line, an antenna with low sidelobe level can easily be designed. To verify the suitability of the proposed antenna for millimeter-wave applications, two arrays (1 × 18 and 4 × 18) were designed and developed at the design frequency of 79 GHz. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated ones in terms of reflection characteristics and radiation patterns. In addition, the CCMCA antenna has stable beam direction even with frequency change, compared to a conventional series-fed microstrip rectangular patch array antenna.

DESIGN OF 16 ELEMENT RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY FOR 5G APPLICATIONS

This paper represents the plan of 16 element rectangular patch array antenna for 5G applications this gives a sensible transfer speed about 28 GHz. This is the most component of this course of action could be a rectangular fix receiving wire outlined on the Rogers RT / Duroid 5880 substrate (er = 2.2, tanδ=0.00009), which is recreated and optimized utilizing a commercially commercially access recreation program. Length of rectangular fix antenna is 3.58 and breadth is 4.52. Within the later a long time the improvement in communication frameworks demand the advancement about low cost, negligible weight and low-profile radio wires this are able of keeping up tall execution over a wide range of frequencies. This mechanical slant has centered much exertion into the plan of rectangular patch antenna. The objective of this paper is to plan, and create an inset bolstered rectangular microstrip fix radio wire. Subsequently, a novel molecule swarm optimization strategy based on HFSS was utilized to plan an inset bolster straightly polarized rectangular patch antenna with four component cluster. At first, we set our radio wire as a single patch and we design for 16 element antenna. The single fix antenna radio wire is operating within the extend of 26.5 GHz to 28GHz, having and pick up is 7.8 dB. For 16 component radio wire arrays, the gain is increased.

A 2×2 Antenna Array for X Band Phased Array RADAR Applications

A Four element rectangular patch antenna array has been designed for the Phase array RADAR applications in the X Band with an operating frequency of 10GHz. The four patches are been connected to four different transmitter circuit with which we can control the phase of the input signal. A 50Ω coaxial probe feed has been used to excite the antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna is 212mm×212mm×1.6mm. The Proposed antenna is having an gain of 10.2dB at the operating frequency of 10GHz. The directivity of the antenna at the operating frequency is 10.31dB. Low cost FR4 material is been used as the laminate base for the antenna which will act as the dielectric material.

A 2×2 Antenna Array for X Band Phased Array RADAR Applications

A Four element rectangular patch antenna array has been designed for the Phase array RADAR applications in the X Band with an operating frequency of 10GHz. The four patches are been connected to four different transmitter circuit with which we can control the phase of the input signal. A 50Ω coaxial probe feed has been used to excite the antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna is 212mm×212mm×1.6mm. The Proposed antenna is having an gain of 10.2dB at the operating frequency of 10GHz. The directivity of the antenna at the operating frequency is 10.31dB. Low cost FR4 material is been used as the laminate base for the antenna which will act as the dielectric material.