Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Broadband High Gain and Low Cross-Polarization Double Cavity-Backed Stacked Microstrip Antenna

This communication presents a novel stacked multi-resonator two-layered suspended rectangular microstrip antenna (MSA) backed by double-cavity, which yields a wide bandwidth (BW) of 64% at the center frequency of 2.6 GHz, due to additional resonances introduced by the cavity. The proposed antenna has high radiation efficiency above 89.5% throughout the band yielding a maximum gain of 14.7 dBi and an average gain of 12.5 dBi. It has a stable radiation pattern and low cross-polarization better than −45 dB and yields uniform isolation better than 40 dB between two such antennas. Compared to without cavity-backed configuration, the proposed double cavity-backed configuration yields 82% more BW, 1.8 dB more gain, and 10 dB more isolation between the antennas. Simulated results are validated by measurements with a close agreement. Improved characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for several applications including through the wall and ground penetrating radars (GPR).

Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antennas for Effective Bandwidth

Abstract-Local Area networks work in frequency ranges 900 MHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9GHz, 5 GHz, 5.9 GHz, 6 GHz and 60 GHz. It supports broadband communication and provides end to end communication without any propagation delays. For establishing LAN network, antennas are employed to transmit and receive signals. But the existing antenna designs for wireless LAN cannot accommodate higher bandwidths even though they provide good gain. Microstrip patch antennas are considered as they have high compatibility rates, low volume and are easy to manufacture. This paper proposes the design of a microstrip patch antenna with effective bandwidths at 1 GHz and 2.4 GHz using microstrip feed technique with dielectric materials such as FR 4 Epoxy, Arlon 450 and Taconic35. The results are shown in graphical format and have been tabulated. From the results we can conclude that FR 4 Epoxy with 1.6 mm substrate height has given best results among Taconic 35, Arlon 450 and FR 4 Epoxy. From the results we can conclude that we have achieved better bandwidths when compared to the previous works available. Keywords— Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMSA), Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMSA), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Return Loss (RL), Co-Axial Feeding, Microstrip Feed

Near‐field sensor based on substrate integrated waveguide microstrip cavity resonator with a circular aperture

A near-field planar sensor fabricated from a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator is presented. The SIW cavity resonator is a modification of a rectangular microstrip antenna. The rectangular microstrip antenna radiates from two radiating edges that produce far-field radiation, which is undesired for near-field sensing. To suppress the radiation from the edges, the microstrip antenna is modified to have conducting vias that short all four edges of the patch to the ground plane. A circular hole is placed on the patch surface in the middle of the patch to form a sensing aperture. The field is thus confined inside the cavity with leakage only allowed through a small aperture, which is used for sensing surrounding objects in the vicinity of the aperture. This cavity resonator operates in the TM21 mode of the SIW cavity. Full-wave simulations are performed and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis as well as CAD formulas that are derived. The performance of the sensor as a near-field sensing device and as a near-field imager is explored.

Analysis of Conical-Rectangular Microstrip Antennas

This communication presents a method-of-moment (MoM) solution of a conical–rectangular microstrip antenna. It uses volume formulation and eigenfunction expansion of Dirac’s delta function. Results for input impedance and radiation patterns are compared to those obtained from HFSS software, and a good match is observed.

Vertical Slot Loaded Rectangular Monopole Microstrip Antenna for Triple Band Operation

Abstract: This paper presents the design and development of simple vertical slot loaded rectangular monopole microstrip antenna for triple band operation. The proposed antenna is excited through microstripline feed arrangement. The low cost glass epoxy substrate material is used to fabricate the antenna. The antenna operates between 2.77 to 8.29 GHz. giving linearly polarized broadside radiation characteristics with a peak gain of 3.8dB. The proposed antenna may find applications in WLAN. Keywords: slot, microstrip antenna, triple band, gain.

Triband Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna for Bluetooth/WiFi Applications

In recent years, according to the requirements of wireless applications, multiband and low profile patch antennas are desired. In this study, a simple rectangular patch triband microstrip antenna is developed to use for Bluetooth/WiFi applications. The antenna is in the form of rectangular slots with different lengths loaded on the rectangular patch with reduced ground size. FR-4 substrate with 1.6 mm thickness is used as substrate material and annealed copper is used as ground and patch materials. The designed antenna is simulated using CST MWS software program. Microstrip line feeding technique with discrete port is used to feed the antenna. According to the results, S11 parameters of three resonant frequencies can be given as -15.08 dB, -11.88 dB and -24.03 dB at 2.39 GHz, 3.07 GHz and 4.92 GHz respectively. Gain values of the resonance frequencies can be given as follows, 2.25 dBi, 3.76 dBi and 1.92 dBi at 2.39 GHz, 3.07 GHz and 4.92 GHz respectively. Proposed antenna bandwidth can be given as, 197.5 MHz (2.29 GHz – 2.49 GHz) at 2.39 GHz, 116.1 MHz (3.01 GHz – 3.13 GHz) at 3.07 GHz and 266.2 MHz (4.79 GHz – 5.06 GHz) at 4.92 GHz, respectively. Since the designed antenna can work at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands with 2.24 dBi and 2.34 dBi, respectively, IEEE 802.11ac/b/g standards are supported by the antenna. So the proposed antenna can be used for Bluetooth and 2.4 GHz/5GHz WiFi applications.

Microwave Scanning Technology as a Non-destructive Testing Method for Detecting Black Heart in Potato

In recent decades, food scientists and engineers have attempted to develop an improve technologies that can detect the internal damages of agricultural produce under postharvest conditions using a various methods of destructive and non-destructive technologies. This study presents the technique of microwave scanning as a non-destructive technology for application in agriculture to detect black heart in potato tubers in a non-destructive way. A bi-static antenna configuration of microwave scanning setup operating at 2.45GHz was assembled, with a customized slotted rectangular microstrip antenna designed and simulated with CST, thereafter fabricate the antenna to be used as a microwave sensor in the setup, a miniVNA tiny double as a RF generator and S-parameter measurement was used to measured transmission coefficient through samples of real potato, the analysis was based on the differences in the wave spectrum obtained between the good potato sample and the sample with black heart. The result obtained from the analysis of wave spectrum shows that there is a significant difference up to 5dB in the wave pattern of a good potato sample and the sample with internal damages. Accuracy up to 86% of true state of the tested sample was achieved using the technology. Hence, the method can be adequately used as a scientific way of grading and sorting a batch of potato non-destructively.

Antenna Optimization Based on Auto-Context Broad Learning System

To enhance the efficiency of antenna optimization, surrogate model methods can usually be used to replace the full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. Broad learning system (BLS), as an emerging network with strong extraction ability and remarkable computational efficiency, has revolutionized the conventional artificial intelligence (AI) methods and overcome the shortcoming of excessive time-consuming training process in deep learning (DL). However, it is difficult to model the regression relationship between input and output variables in the electromagnetic field with the unsatisfactory fitting capability of the original BLS. In order to further improve the performance of the model and speed up the design of microwave components to achieve more accurate prediction of hard-to-measure quality variables through easy-to-measure parameter variables, the conception of auto-context (AC) for the regression scenario is proposed in this paper, using the current BLS training results as the prior knowledge, which are taken as the context information and combined with the original inputs as new inputs for further training. Based on the previous prediction results, AC learns an iterated low-level and context model and then iterates to approach the ground truth, which is very general and easy to implement. Three antenna examples, including rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA), circular MSA (CMSA), and printed dipole antenna (PDA), and 10 UCI regression datasets are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Dual Band Partial Ground Symmetrical Slit Rectangular Monopole Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications

The dual band partial ground symmertrical slit monopole rectangular microstrip antenna for broadband wireless communication applications is proposed in this paper. In the proposed geometry symmetrical slits are introduced at rectangular microstrip patch close to radiating edges. The height Lg on ground plane introduced the gap which hepls to resonate the designed antenna near to designed frequency with increased bandwith. The symmetrical slits on edges of radiating patch provides the dual operationbands. The impedance bandwidth covers the frequency range from 1.36 - 2.3 GHz and 3 - 5 GHz with respective magnitude of BW1=56.28%, BW2=46.41%. Maximum gain achieved is 4dB. The antenna exhibits the nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns at resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna can be used for cellular LTE band frequency (1.700 -2.100 GHz), ISM (2.4 - 2.4835 GHz) for Microwave ovens, cordless phones, medical diathermy machines, military radars and industrial heaters, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS ( 1.2-1.6 GHz), PCS (1.8 GHz to 2 GHz) applications.

Flexible force sensitive frequency reconfigurable antenna base on stretchable conductive fabric

With the development of wireless technology and flexible electronics, flexible frequency reconfigurable antennas have been directly used as sensors to detect mechanical signals. As an important frequency reconfigurable antenna, microstrip antenna has been widely studied in the field of flexible and flexible electronics in recent years. However, the stretchability of microstrip antennas usually comes at the cost of reducing the conductivity of the radiated conductor. Here, we report a flexible force sensitive frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna, which fabricated by silver fiber conductive fabric with a double-wire braided structure. In order to increase the detection of pressure, an elastic dielectric layer with a microhemispheric array was introduced into the microstrip antenna to extend the frequency band width of the reconfigurable antenna. The relative frequency of the antenna varied from 0% to −12.9%, and the sensing sensitivity was −1.9 kPa−1. As potential applications, we demonstrate the use of a flexible frequency reconfigurable antenna base on stretchable conductive fabric as a strain sensor capable of measuring bending angle and movements of a human finger. The change in the resonance frequency with the externally applied tensile strain in this antenna design has a sensitivity of 3.448, manifesting a 4.19- and a 13.79-fold increase of sensitivity when compared to those in previous reports that used arched or both-planes serpentine rectangular microstrip antenna. This is of great significance for the application of wearable antenna in wireless mechanical sensing technology.

Artificial Neural Network based Dimension Prediction of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna

Artificial Neural Network based Dimension Prediction of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip patch antenna design, simulation and fabrication for 5G applications

This study provides a deeper knowledge of the usage of finite integration techniques (FIT) and the finite element method (FEM) for analyzing various microstrip antenna shapes such as rectangular, circular and triangular patches. These patch shapes are fabricated practically and the efficiency of both mentioned methods have been identified through the evaluation of the microstrip antenna parameters such as, gain, bandwidth, VSWR, return loss S11, directivity and ration pattern operating at 28 GHz. Comparison between measured and simulated results with both techniques reveals that the FIT better for all types of microstrip antennas patch shapes whereas FEM is only reliable for rectangular microstrip antennas shape due to its regularity in its configuration. In addition, a good agreement between the results of the proposed antenna parameters with previously research works operating at the same frequency are also identified. Beside of this, our proposed antenna has the advantage of small size of the order of (5.2 mm3) which is compact and suitable for the 5 G wireless communication system applications. Furthermore, with this small profile configuration, the antennas still provide high radiation performance with a bandwidth of the order of (900 MHz), gain of (6 dB) and directivity of the order of (7 dB).

Radiation Pattern of a Microstrip Antenna on a Trapezoidal Substrate

This paper deals with a rectangular microstrip antenna on a trapezoidal substrate. It finds radiation pattern of the antenna using the concept of fractional cross product. Results show that as the fraction goes from 1 to 0.1, the direction of null in the H-plane moves from end fire towards broad side. Also, a back-lobe starts to appear in the H-plane.

Broadband high gain cavity resonator antenna using planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) superstrate

AbstractThis paper presents a broadband miniaturized Fabry–Perot cavity resonator antenna (CRA) made of novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) superstrate as partially reflecting surface (PRS) and reactive impedance surface (RIS) backed rectangular patch antenna. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed EBG exhibits the highest stopband bandwidth (BW) with a bandgap existing between 7.37 and 12.4 GHz (50.9%). Frequency-selective property of the EBG is utilized under plane wave incidence to demonstrate it as PRS superstrate in CRA antenna. The cavity is excited with a rectangular microstrip antenna which is made of two dielectric substrates with an additional RIS layer sandwiched between them. The RIS provides wideband impedance matching of the primary feed antenna. A 7 × 7 array of the EBG superstrate is loaded over the patch antenna having an overall lateral dimension of only 45 × 45 mm2 or 1.62 λ0 × 1.62 λ0 where λ0 is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of 10.8 GHz. The proposed Fabry–Perot CRA (FP-CRA) achieves gain enhancement of 6.59 dB as compared with the reference antenna and has a 10 dB return loss BW of 23.79% from 10.07 to 12.79 GHz. A prototype of the FP-CRA is fabricated and experimentally tested with single and dual layers of EBG superstrate. Measured results show BWs of 21.5 and 24.8% for the two cases with peak realized gain of 12.05 and 14.3 dBi, respectively. Later a four-element antenna array with corporate feeding is designed as the primary feed of the CRA. The simulation result shows a flat gain of >13 dBi with gain variation <1.2 dB over the impedance BW of 13.2%.

Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Frequency Selective Surface Substrate for 5G Communication Applications

Besides the evolution of wireless communications and their across-the-board utilise due to the many advantages they provide, on other hand, microstrip antennas have been popular since ancient years. These antennas are characterized by ease of design, low cost and small size, in addition to their ability to integrate and embed with most portable applications. Despite the many benefits mentioned, these antennas suffer from many disadvantages of poor gain, narrow bandwidth, and low efficiency. In this article, a rectangular Microstrip antenna (MPA) is designed, simulated, and analysed based on the finite internal technique that is supported by the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) antenna simulation software for the 5G applications of the 28 GHz band. In order to improve the proposed MPA performance, the Frequency Selective surfaces (FSSs) are introduced. Whereas the proposed MPA is situated between two FSSs superstrates, the upper one acts as a passive bandpass filter and the lower acts as a passive bandstop filter reflecting the leakage radiation from the ground plane of the MPA.

Effects of the Feedline Position on Microstrip Patch Antenna Performance

Abstract In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate the effects of the feed line position on the operating frequency, return loss and bandwidth of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna. For this purpose, a compact-sized antenna that can operate at 2.4-2.45 GHz frequencies is designed in High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) program. Then, the position of the feedline is changed horizontally and vertically, and its effects are observed. The results obtained after the modificaions are given and discussed. It is stated that the feed line position is a very important parameter that affects the basic characteristics of the antenna.

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna 1x2 Array for 5G Communication

Microstrip antennas are currently popular because they have the advantage and meet the demand for small and lightweight antennas so that they are compatible and easy to integrate. This study aims to design an antenna microstrip rectangular 1x2 array, a rectangular patch microstrip antenna consisting of two elements. The antenna has a patch size of 19.5 mm x 26.5 mm array 1x2 with a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The antenna design is made in a simulation that works at a frequency of 3.5 GHz, and the substrate material is made of FR 4, which has a constant (ε r of) of 4.3, while patch materials are made of copper. Calculating the value of the initial antenna parameters will be optimized by sweeping the parameters to obtain the desired return loss, VSWR, gain, bandwidth, and directivity. The results of optimization of the rectangular microstrip antenna design 1x2 array work at a frequency of 3.5 GHz with a return loss -12.54 dB in the frequency range 3. 47 GHz up to 3.53 GHz, bandwidth 66.5 MHz, VSWR value of 1.6 and produce a gain of 5.5 dB.

Performance Analysis of Microstrip Antenna with Several Feed Networks for Satellite Communication

The modern wireless communication systems demand significantly higher bandwidth with a highly directive antenna for better performance. For this purpose, the feed networks such as Series Feed (SF), Corporate Feed (CF), and Corporate-Series Feed Network (CSFN) in the design of antennas play a vital role. Therefore, in this paper, rectangular microstrip antennas with inner ring slot, two semi-circular slots on both sides of the microstrip, and two director elements have been designed. The proposed antennas in four sets with different shapes for satellite communication operate at the Ku-band frequency. In this design, copper (annealed) has been used as material for the ground plane. The substrate material of this proposed antenna is Rogers RT5880, with a dielectric constant at 2.2. Moreover, the probe feed technique has been used in this antenna, further followed by SF, CF, and CSFN networks. The presented design is simple, compact, and very economical with optimal gain and bandwidth. The structure parameters of this proposed antenna are numerically computed. The antenna features are simulated by CST Microwave Studio, a commercial simulator based on finite integration techniques that support the numerical analysis. Further, the antenna performances based on the considered feeding techniques of the proposed antenna have been compared.

Monopulse antenna array based on three-modes with orthogonal radiation beams

A compact multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) monopulse antenna array operating at X-band is proposed. The structure consists of four stacked layers, including one layer for the radiating 4 × 4 rectangular microstrip antenna elements and two SIW layers for the comparator network. The sum and difference modes provide orthogonal radiation patterns in the azimuth and elevation planes. The two SIW layers of the comparator network feature a compact multi-feed design while maintaining high isolation between the antenna ports. To validate the proposed antenna concept, silmulations and measuremets are carried out. The obtained resuts show good performnces, a −10-dB impedance bandwidth of 13.45 % (9.35–10.7 GHz) for the sum and difference ports, better than 30 dB isolation between the antenna ports, the difference radiation patterns better than −38 dB null-depth. The comparison between the simulated and measuremed results shows a good agreement.

Design of Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Antennas with Slots and Fractal Based Ground Plane

A rectangular microstrip antenna with slotted and fractal based ground plane has been introduced in this paper as a candidate for use in ultra-wideband applications. The slotted ground structure of the proposed antenna has been created on the radiating patch in two steps. At first, two slots have been made in the ground plane which offers a maximum impedance bandwidth (3.22 GHz to 10.6 GHz). In the second design, carpet Sierpinski type of the 2nd iteration are made in the ground plane the calculation bandwidth is (3.2 GHz to 12.6). The presented antenna has been fed with a single 50 Ohm strip line. The resulting antenna has a rectangular patch with dimensions of (11 mm x15mm). The characteristics of the proposed antenna structure have been predicated using full–wave numerical Method of Moment (MOM) by Microwave Office v. 7.5.