Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

High directivity microstrip patch antenna design using binary ebola search optimization for radio frequency identification application

Microstrip patch antenna has gained significant popularity in wireless communication field, because of its compact size, less profile, and ease of installation. It is widely used in various applications such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) systems, where dependable and long-range communication is made possible by the great directivity and efficiency. In this manuscript, a High Directivity Microstrip Patch Antenna design using Binary Ebola Search Optimization for Radio Frequency Identification Application (MPA-RFID-BESO) is proposed.The design of microstrip patch antennas is the difficulty in achieving high directivity while maintaining compact size and low profile. This research explains design and application-specific optimisation of the Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) of biomedical utilizing Binary Ebola Search optimization (BESO) algorithm. Microstrip patch antenna is designed to function in double and multi band applications due to its low cost, light weight, and ease of installation. MPA is made with flawed ground construction to lessen cross-polarized radiation emitted by microstrip patches and to achieve the necessary radiation parameters. Here, the cost of the materials is reduced by using a liquid crystal polymer substrate, and aerial performance is enhanced by using the appropriate geometrical parameters. The small design of the BESO optimised improves the performance of antenna as 50 mm×50 mm compact size. The MATLAB program uses high frequency to do the simulation method. The proposed antenna design is a preferable option for applications involving Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The performance metrics, such as radiation pattern, constant gain, directivity, bandwidth, and antenna efficiency and return loss are measured and compared to the existing techniques. The proposed MPA-BA-BESO design provides 10.51%, 12.85% and 16.04% higher bandwidth and 23.63%, 47.86% and 32.06% higher gain compared with existing designs, like Designing MPA utilizing Moth–Flame optimization approach (MPA-UWB-MFOA), Predicting Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna Dimension utilizing Machine Learning (MPA-ANN), Dual Band Antenna Design and Prediction of Resonance Frequency Utilizing Machine Learning Algorithms (DBAD-RF-CNN) respectively. The proposed technology serve as a better design alternative for microstrip patch antennas in communication systems to address biological applications.

Wideband Low-Profile Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna with Metasurface

A novel Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antenna with metasurface is presented, which can achieve broad bandwidth and low profile. Traditional FPC antennas, with rectangular microstrip antennas as feeds, have limited impedance bandwidth and struggle to make a compromise in the gain bandwidth and maximum gain value. To obtain wide bandwidth, the FPC antenna proposed in this paper utilizes a feed antenna loaded with parasitic patches. To widen impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth and reduce the profile, a positive phase gradient partially reflective surface (PRS) and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) are located above and below the feed antenna, respectively. The phase property of the PRS and AMC also brings in a more smooth gain value curve. To further increase gain values, four metal reflector plates are located around the proposed antenna. The overall dimension of the antenna is 2.5λ0×2.5λ0×0.25λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 7.5 GHz). Simulated results show that the resonant cavity antenna proposed in this letter exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 13.3% (7–8 GHz) and a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 14.3% (7.02–8.10 GHz). The maximum gain in the whole operating band is 14.5 dBi. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

Design of Rectangular Patch Array 2x4 Microstrip Antenna on C-Band for Weather Radar Applications

Design of Rectangular Patch Array 2x4 Microstrip Antenna on C-Band for Weather Radar Applications

Design optimization for microstrip antennas based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrate and carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive material in sub-6 Ghz band

Abstract Background The rapid expansion of modern smart applications, demanding faster data transfer and extensive bandwidth, has prompted the development of new-generation networks like 5G and 6G. These networks encompass additional frequency bands such as sub-6 GHz, millimeter waves, and terahertz bands to meet the growing bandwidth requirements. However, despite the substantial bandwidth available in these bands, several challenges must be addressed to overcome unfavorable propagation characteristics. Moreover, numerous applications necessitate wireless devices with antennas that exhibit high flexibility and exceptional radiation responses, particularly when subjected to bending effects. This requirement highlights the importance of polymers-based antennas that can adapt to changing conditions while maintaining optimal performance. The present comprehensive study delves into the performance evaluation of rectangular and circular microstrip antennas utilizing PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) polymer substrate with varying thicknesses. Results Notably, CNTs (Carbon Nanotubes) are employed as an alternative to traditional copper for the conductive part and ground plane. Both PMMA-based antennas, integrated with CNTs, exhibit a compact footprint of 27.8 × 47.8 × 1.5 mm3 for the circular antenna and 22.8 × 39.5 × 1.5 mm3 for the rectangular antenna. Impressively, the realized gain of both antennas surpasses 5 dBi, demonstrating robust performance in both flat and bending scenarios across different substrate thicknesses. Conclusions The rectangular antenna achieves a bandwidth of approximately 200 MHz, while the circular microstrip antenna showcase annotable bandwidth of 500 MHz. These exceptional outcomes position the two microstrip antennas as highly suitable for a diverse range of emerging applications within the sub-6 GHz band (the frequency range below 6 GHz in the radio spectrum). Thus, the combination of PMMA substrate, CNTs and the compact form factor of the antennas presents a compelling solution for meeting the demands of modern applications requiring efficient wireless communication with enhanced performance and bandwidth.

Equivalent Circuit Analysis for Optimization of Ground plane in a Compact Co-axial Probe Fed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna

Equivalent Circuit Analysis for Optimization of Ground plane in a Compact Co-axial Probe Fed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna

ANFIS-based impedance analysis of an infinite array of rectangular microstrip antennas

ANFIS-based impedance analysis of an infinite array of rectangular microstrip antennas

A low‐profile wideband microstrip patch antenna using double half‐mode resonances

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized broadband microstrip patch antenna with a simple geometry. The radiation patch of this antenna comprises two rectangular patches with slightly different sizes, one side of each patch is grounded by metal via‐holes. Two rectangular patches are connected by a microstrip line and fed by a single port. Two rectangular patches produce two closely resonant frequencies achieving broadband performance. This antenna operates on the resonant method of short‐circuiting on one side. Metal via‐holes act as a short‐circuit wall allowing each patch to operate in TM0.5,0 mode. The size of a 1/4 wavelength resonant patch is only half of a conventional microstrip antenna, the overall size of this antenna is almost as same as a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna, making it compact in size. The wideband is achieved by combining two radiating patches, resulting in stable radiation and flat gain. Measurement results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 4.355.10 GHz (15.8%) using a common dielectric substrate without air layer thickness additionally. The maximum measured realized gain is 4.61 dB. This antenna has advantages of wide bandwidth, low profile, flat gain and ease of manufacturing.

Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using Dual Feed Line with Array 2x1 element for Radar Applications

Radar communication systems are needed to predict weather and other military needs. One of the important parameters required for a radar communication system is an antenna with high performance and broad bandwidth that can improve the resolution. The research proposes a single patch microstrip antenna that is rectangular and has a 8 GHz resonance frequency for radar applications that have high bandwidth and performance. The antenna was developed with two dual feed lines connected to the peradiation element with the 2x1 element array technique aimed at increasing the bandwidth of the frequency. The antenna is designed using a FR-4 substrate with a tangent loss of 0.0265, a dielectric constant ( |r) = 4.3, a substrat thickness (h) = 1.6 mm. The dimensions of the rectangular single patch microstrip antenna substrata are 20x20 mm2 and 35x35 mm2 for the dual feed line antenna design. Simulation results from the antenna development showed a 159.62% increase in bandwidth compared to the original antenna design. The reflection coefficient also increased from the original design antenna, which was -16.36 dB, to -25.64 dB or an increase of 56.72%. This antenna is very suitable and recommended to be applied as a receiver antenna on radar communications systems

Design of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure Method at 3.5 GHz Frequency for 5G Technology

5G technology is currently developing rapidly in various countries. 5G technology has three sub-frequencies: low band, midband and high band. Midband frequencies in Indonesia are between 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz. In order for 5G technology is able to be used in Indonesia, it needs an antenna that can work at 3.5 GHz and has a wide bandwidth. Microstrip antenna is a simple and efficient antenna. However, microstrip antenna has minimal bandwidth. To overcome this, certain methods are needed, one of which is the defected ground structure (DGS) method. The initial design of the antenna has dimensions according to the results of the calculation formula. Then optimization is carried out by reducing the dimensions of the antenna components. After that, the DGS method is applied to widen the bandwidth. The initial design of the single-patch antenna before using the DGS method has a return loss value of -19.96 dB, VSWR 1.22, with a gain value of 3.812 dB and bandwidth 105.1 MHz. The simulation results of the antenna using DGS have a return loss value of -39.76 dB, VSWR of 1.02, with a gain value 3.16 dB and a bandwidth of 158.4 MHz. These results prove that the use of the DGS method can increase bandwidth.

Design and simulation of rectangular patch microstrip antenna with inset feed for ADS-B system

The ADS-B system serves to track the location of aircraft. Ground station in the ADSB system is a receiver system that captures aircraft location signals using frequency 1090. Antenna is a key device for ADS-B communication. This paper is intended to develop a square microstrip antenna that has a working frequency of 1090 MHz. The material used is FR4 substrate, and the dielectric material is chopper. The antenna design is simulated using Matlab's Antenna Toolbox with its various conveniences. The simulation results of the patch antenna design with inset feed optimization resulted in a working frequency close to 1090 MHz, a VSWR value close to 1 and a Gain of 9.59 dBi.

Ultra-wideband Metamaterial-based Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G and other Microwave Applications

This paper presents a novel design of an ultra-wideband metamaterial-based rectangular microstrip antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G and other microwave applications. The proposed antenna consist of a rectangular microstrip patch, two metamaterial unit cells, Flame Resistant (FR-4) substrate and partial ground plane. The metamaterial unit cell comprises complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) with double negative characteristics (negative permeability and negative permittivity) as well as negative refractive index (NRI). The NRI medium enhanced the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the antenna by reducing the surface waves and mutual coupling. The antenna operates over frequency range of 3.4009 to 11.721 GHz and 2.869 to 3.211 GHz, covering the sub-6 GHz 5G bands and other microwave applications such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and WLAN. Also, the proposed antenna had optimized dimensions of and exhibited good impedance matching, omnidirectional radiation pattern, and stable gain across the operating band. From simulation results, a combined bandwidth of 8.66 GHz was achieved which shows good agreement with outlined objective. The proposed antenna is suitable for sub-6 GHz 5G and other microwave applications that require ultra-wideband performance and low-profile design.

Compact wideband microstrip antennas using C, H, and W‐shape ground plane for GSM band applications

AbstractProximity‐fed compact wideband rectangular and circular microstrip antennas by employing H‐shape, C‐shape, and W‐shape ground plane profiles are proposed. Optimum results are obtained in rectangular microstrip antenna using H‐shape ground plane. Against the conventional ground plane, it gives 16% bandwidth improvement, supported by 17.29% and 31% reduction in resonant mode frequency and patch area, respectively. The proposed design exhibits a broadside pattern with a gain of 6.1 dBi and can find applications in GSM 900 band.

Improving the Performance of Patch Antenna by Applying Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques for 5G Applications

In this study, various Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMA) designs operating at 28 GHz frequency for 5G-communication system are performed. All designs are generated and analyzed using a 3D electromagnetic simulation program, ANSYS HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator). Single and array type RMA designs are constructed by using non-contact inset-fed feeding technique. Subsequently, the bandwidth of RMAs is increased by slotting on the ground surface, and adding a parasitic element to the antenna structure. Because of these analyses, for single type RMA, the bandwidth increases from 2.09 GHz to 3.45 GHz. Moreover, for 1 × 2 and 1 × 4 array type RMAs, very wide bandwidths of 7.53 GHz and 4.53 GHz, respectively, are obtained by applying bandwidth enhancement techniques. The success of the study has been demonstrated by comparing outputs of the designs with the some similar, experimental or simulation studies published in the literature.

Design of folded rectangular microstrip antenna on thinner substrate for wideband response

ABSTRACT Wideband microstrip antenna is realized by adding more than one resonant modes in the patch. In this paper, on electrically thinner substrate, design of modified shape rectangular microstrip antenna by employing folded rectangular patch is presented for linear polarized wideband response. Unlike the conventional rectangular patch, radiation pattern and resonance frequency at the second-order resonant mode are modified and along with the fundamental mode, yield wider bandwidth. On substrate of thickness 0.045λ0, folded patch design yields bandwidth of more than 20% along with the broadside radiation pattern and gain more than 8 dBi. Against the reported wideband designs, proposed design does not employ parasitic patches, resonant slot, modified ground plane structures, but on thinner substrate achieves the bandwidth of more than 20%. Resonant length formulation and subsequent design methodology are presented, which is useful in realizing similar folded antenna as per the specific frequency band. Simulated results have been experimentally verified, which shows close agreement.

Optimization of an inset-fed calculations for rectangular microstrip antenna

This paper offers an alternative solution to produce a formula to calculate the inset-fed (????????) feed distance from the edge of the patch in order to obtain the impedance of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna as close to 50 Ohm as possible. The basic calculation refers to Ramesh's calculation formula to calculate the inset-fed (????????) on a rectangular patch microstrip antenna. From this research it is hoped that a number of correction factors will be obtained which will be multiplied by the Ramesh formula in order to obtain an inset-fed calculation which results in a lower return loss (????????????) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). From several calculation attempts, the approximate value for the correction factor is s=0.83477. This s correction factor is then multiplied by Ramesh's calculation formula. In this experiment, a microstrip antenna was simulated using an FR4 epoxy printed circuit board (PCB) with a relative permittivity, ???????? = ????. ????, with a thickness of h=1.6 mm. The specified antenna nominal input impedance is 50 Ohms. The transmission line used is a microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohm. The test method used is to compare the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula with the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula multiplied by the correction factor. Tests are carried out using varying working frequencies. From the experimental results it can be seen that the average Return Loss (????????????) and VSWR of the antenna are lower when using the Ramesh formula with a correction factor compared to the original Ramesh formula.

Optimization of an inset-fed calculations for rectangular microstrip antenna

This paper offers an alternative solution to produce a formula to calculate the inset-fed (y0) feed distance from the edge of the patch in order to obtain the impedance of a rectangular patch microstrip antenna as close to 50 Ohm as possible. The basic calculation refers to Ramesh's calculation formula to calculate the inset-fed (y0) on a rectangular patch microstrip antenna. From this research it is hoped that a number of correction factors will be obtained which will be multiplied by the Ramesh formula in order to obtain an inset-fed calculation which results in a lower return loss (S11) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). From several calculation attempts, the approximate value for the correction factor is s=0.83477. This s correction factor is then multiplied by Ramesh's calculation formula. In this experiment, a microstrip antenna was simulated using an FR4 epoxy printed circuit board (PCB) with a relative permittivity, εr= 4.4, with a thickness of h=1.6 mm. The specified antenna nominal input impedance is 50 Ohms. The transmission line used is a microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohm. The test method used is to compare the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula with the results of simulation calculations using the Ramesh formula multiplied by the correction factor. Tests are carried out using varying working frequencies. From the experimental results it can be seen that the average Return Loss (S11) and VSWR of the antenna are lower when using the Ramesh formula with a correction factor compared to the original Ramesh formula.

Design of a compact patch antenna with bandwidth and efficiency improvement for UWB applications

The demand of small, lightweight and high effectiveness antennas has increased significantly with the development of communication technologies. Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are one of the most widely used types of antenna that can satisfy these requirements. MPAs have numerous benefits, including tiny size and weight, ease of fabrication, and inexpensive. In addition to these advantages, MPAs also have some drawbacks such as limited bandwidth and low efficiency. In this paper, a compact rectangular patch microstrip antenna employing hybrid technique (HT) is designed to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency and its performance is compared with that of a conventional antenna. The HT is formed by combining a slotted patch with a defected partial ground structure. A low-cost FR-4_epoxy substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a thickness of 0.8 mm and a loss tangent of 0.02 is used to make both antennas designed. The antennas are designed, analyzed and simulated at the operating frequency of 6.85 GHz for ultra-wideband (UWB) (3.1-10.6GHz) applications using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 30 mm × 20 mm × 0.8 mm. A 50 Ω microstrip feedline is used to excite the patch. The outcomes of the simulation reveal that the suggested and conventional antennas achieved a bandwidth of 19.7 GHz and 2.53 GHz with an efficiency of 95.779% and 92.296% respectively. The recommended antenna has boosted in bandwidth and efficiency by 17.17 GHz (137.24%) and 3.483% respectively as compared to the traditional antenna.

2 x 1 Rectangular-Patch Antenna Array at 2.4 GHz

In this paper a microstrip antenna array is carried out. The array has two rectangular patches in a linear 2 x 1 array. This work includes the design, simulation, implementation and evaluation of both, a single radiator and the linear two rectangular microstrip antenna array. The antenna array was designed and built for low-cost and noncomplex manufacturing techniques, because the array is dedicated for educational purposes in under-graduate radiocommunication courses at Metropolitan Autonomous University. The mechanical tolerance in the structure dimensions is around 0.2 mm, that is easy to be obtained by an inexpensive CNC or very well-known optical techniques. The simulation and optimization of the array was computed using HFSS and the results of this stage include antenna patterns and the reflection coefficient (S11). Besides, the experimental evaluation of the array is quite similar to the simulations results in both, radiation patterns and the frequency response using the matching interval, for a single radiator and the 2x1 array.

Uji DESAIN DAN SIMULASI ANTENA MIKROSTRIP PATCH PERSEGI DENGAN METODE PENGUMPANAN INSET-FED UNTUK APLIKASI S-BAND

This research is to find out that the microstrip antenna is one of the most widely applied antennas for various radio applications because of its low profile and high performance. This paper discusses design and simulation of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna (RPMA) for S-band radio by using inset feeding. Initially, theoretical calculation was performed, followed by performance evaluation by using AWR simulator. Inset deep iterations were conducted through repeated simulation adjustment to obtain optimal design. Based on the concluded simulation adjustment, the minimum achieved VSWR is 1.056 to get bandwidth of 104.5 MHz (3.1636 3.2681 GHz). The minimum return loss that can be achieved is -31.33 dB with gain of 5.777 dB.

Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for RADAR altimeter

The most important parameter for any flying vehicle is altitude. Different techniques and methods are available for altitude measurement; one of these methods is RADAR Altimetry. In this technique altitude measurement of an in-flight vehicle is measured by using RF waves and RADAR. RADAR Altimeter transmits low-power radio waves, these waves incident on the earth and get reflected back with a shift of about 40 Hz/feet. The altitude is determined as per the time delay between the signals which is measured by differentiating the broadcast and received signal for a specific time period. The RADAR altimeter operates on a frequency range of 4.2 to 4.4 GHz in the C-Band. Different shapes of microstrips are tested and used for this application. In this article, a rectangular microstrip antenna is designed and simulated at 4.2GHz and its performance and characteristics are analysed using ANSYS HFSS.